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CH+4+ +4.4+Absolute+Value+Inequalities

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samiksha.bskr
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Copyright

Copyright
© 2011
© 2011
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc. Publishing
Inc. Publishing
as Prentice
as Prentice
Hall Hall
Chapter 4

Solving Inequalities, and


Absolute Value
Equations and
Inequalities
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
4.4

Absolute Value
Inequalities

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Example
Solve: |x| ≤ 7.
Solution
The solution set of this inequality contains all numbers
whose distance from 0 is less than or equal to 7. Thus 7,
7, and all numbers between 7 and 7 are in the
solution set.

The solutions are 7 ≤ x ≤ 7.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Solving Absolute Value Inequalities of the Form |X| < a

If a is a positive number, then |X| < a is equivalent to


a < X < a.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Example
Solve for x: x + 4 < 6.
Solution
Replace X with x + 4 and a with 6 in the preceding
property, and we see that
|x + 4| < 6 is equivalent to 6 < x + 4 < 6
Solve by subtracting 4 to all three parts.
6 < x + 4 < 6
6 – 4 < x + 4 – 4 < 6 – 4
10 < x < 2
The graph is shown.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Example
Solve for x: |x – 3| + 6 ≤ 7.
Solution
First, isolate the absolute value expression by
subtracting 6 from both sides.
x 3 66  76
x 3 1
Apply the absolute value property. 1  x  3  1
1  3  x  3  3  1  3
2 x4

The solutions are 2, 4, and all numbers between these


two. The graph is shown.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Example
Solve for x: 8x  3 < 2.

Solution

The absolute value of a number is always nonnegative


and can never be less than 2. Thus this absolute
value inequality has no solution.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Solving Absolute Value Inequalities of the Form |X| > a

If a is a positive number, then |X| > a is equivalent to


X < a or X > a.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Example
Solve for y: |y – 5| > 8.
Solution
Since 8 is positive, we apply the property for |X| > a.
|y – 5| > 8 is equivalent to y – 5 < 8 or y – 5 > 8
Solve the compound inequality.
y  5  8 or y 5  8
y  5  5  8  5 or y 55  85
y  3 or y  13
The solutions are all numbers x such that y < 3 or y > 13.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Example
Solve for x: 4x + 5 + 6 > 2.
Solution
Isolate the absolute value expression by subtracting 6
from both sides. 4x  5  6  2
4x  5  6  6  2  6
4 x  5  4

The absolute value of any number is always nonnegative


and thus is always greater than 4. This inequality and the
original inequality are true for all values of x. The
solutions are all real numbers.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Example
Solve 10 + 3x + 1 > 2.
Solution
Isolate the absolute value expression by subtracting 1
from both sides. 10  3 x  1  2
10  3 x  1  1  2  1
10  3 x  1

Write the absolute value inequality as an equivalent


compound inequality and solve.

continued

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Solve 10 + 3x + 1 > 2

10  3 x  1 or 10  3x  1
10  10  3x  1  10 or 10  10  3x  1  10
3x  11 or 3x  9
11 x  3
x or
3
The solutions are x < 11/3 or x > 3, and the graph is
shown.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Example
x7
Solve  1  4.
2
Solution
Isolate the absolute value expression by adding 1 to
both sides.
x7
1 1  4 1
2
x7
5
2
Write the absolute value inequality as an equivalent
compound inequality and solve. continued

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Solve x  7  5
2
x7 x7
 5 or 5
2 2
 x7  x7
2   2(5) or
2   2(5)
 2   2 
x  7  10 or x  7  10
x  17 or x3
The solutions are x ≤ 17 or x ≥ 3.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


Example
3( x  2)
Solve  0.
4
Solution
Recall that “≤” means “less than or equal to.” The
absolute value of any expression will never be less than
0, but it may be equal to 0. Thus, to solve set the
expression equal to 0. 3( x  2)
0
4
3( x  2)
0
4
 3( x  2) 
4   4(0)
 4  continued

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


 3( x  2) 
4   4(0)
 4 
3( x  2)  0
3x  6  0
3x  6
x  2

The solution is –2.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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