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Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

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9 views69 pages

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Uploaded by

elmoqaid1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design Of Reinforced Concrete

Structures
Based on Strength, Concrete can be classified into Four Categories:

• Low-strength concrete < 20 MPa compressive strength


• Moderate-strength concrete 20 -50 MPa compressive strength
• High-strength concrete 50 - 200 MPa compressive strength
• Ultra high-strength concrete > 200 MPa compressive strength

• Facors affecting concrete strength


Water/Cement Ratio
Age and Curing Condition
Aggregates
Admixtures
Advantages of concrete
• More Economical
• Ability to be cast
• More Energy Efficient
• Excellent Resistance to Water
• High Temperature Resistance
• Fire Resistance
• Aesthetic Properties
• Ability to Consume waste
• Ability to work with reinforcing Steel
Disadvantages of concrete
• Low Tensile Strength
• Lower Ductility (Brittle)
• Volume Instability
• Formwork is needed
• Low Toughness
• Long Curing Time
Types of Portland cement
ASTM C 150, Standard Specifications for Portland Cement:

Type I: General purpose. For use when the special properties specified for any
other types are not required.

Type II: For general use, more specially when moderate sulphate resistance or
moderate heat of hydration is desired.

Type III: For use when high early strength is desired. (limit the C3A content of the
cement to maximum 15%)

Type IV: For use when low heat of hydration is desired. ‫مثل السدود‬

Type V: For use when high sulfate resistance is desired. (Maximum limit of 5% on
C3A) . ‫مثل االماكن القريبة من الستنقعات و المياه‬
Admixtures
Admixtures are ingredients other than portland cement,
water, and aggregates.
Admixtures are added to the concrete mixture immediately before or during mixing.

The use of admixtures in concrete is now widespread due to many benefits-


1. It reduces the amount of water requirement in Concrete.
2. It control the setting behavior of Concrete.
3. It also improves the workability, durability & strength of the Concrete.
Portland Cement and Concrete
Properties of concrete that are of interest to
architects, engineers, and builders
may be divided into the following two
categories:
• Fresh concrete properties
• Hardened concrete properties
Typical load factors based on ACI
318M-14
• Concrete is mainly composed of Portland cement,
Aggregate(Filler),Water and chemical Admixtures.

• Concrete is versatile construction material.


• Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water
and placement due to a chemical process known as
hydration.

• The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the


other components together, eventually creating a
stone-like material.
Concrete is not capable of resisting any
tension and is carried exclusively by the steel.
This assumption is a simplification of the
actual situation because concrete does resist
some tension stresses of small magnitudes
more will be said when discussing the
resistance of RC beams to shear
footing
Beam
column
solid slab
one way ribbed slab
two way ribbed slab
• fc = compressive stress
• fc ′= concrete design compressive stress
• f’c = concrete compressive design strength at 28 days
Reinforced Concrete Design
Notation:
• As = area of steel reinforcement in concrete beam design
• b = width, often cross-sectional
• h = cross-section depth
• d = effective depth from the top of a reinforced concrete
beam to the centroid of the tensile steel
• d´ = effective depth from the top of a reinforced concrete
beam to the centroid of the compression steel
• db = bar diameter of a reinforcing bar
• Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete
• Es = modulus of elasticity of steel
Reinforced Concrete Design
Notation:
• fs = stress in the steel reinforcement for concrete design.
• fy = yield stress or strength.
• DL = shorthand for dead load
• LL = shorthand for live load
• Mn = nominal flexure strength with the steel
reinforcement at the yield stress and concrete at the
concrete design strength for reinforced concrete beam
design
• Mu = maximum moment from factored loads for LRFD
beam design
Reinforced Concrete Design
Notation:

ρ
Safety Margin
Design Of Tension-Reinforced
Rectangular Beams
Definition of Beam
Beam is the horizontal member of a structure,
carrying transverse load. Beam carry the Floor
slab or the roof slab. Beam transfer all the
loads including its self-weight to the columns
or walls.
According to ACI Code 9.6.1.2 the minimum
steel should not be less than
Beam
Practical Considerations in the
Design of Beams
Strength reduction factor (φ) ACI-
318-14
Strength reduction factor (φ)
Strength reduction factor (φ)
Practical Considerations in the
Design of Beams
• Concrete proportions
• – Use d=(2-3)b or bw
Examples
What is the nominal flexural strength, and what
is the maximum moment that the cross section
can handle according to the ACI code
Example
Example

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