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f4 Intensive Revision Lesson 11 (Blank)

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44 views24 pages

f4 Intensive Revision Lesson 11 (Blank)

Uploaded by

mingyang2221
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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NORMAL METAL Physical properties:

(1) Shiny
(2) High melting point
(3) Good heat & electrical conductor
(4) High density
(5) DUCTILE – Can be pulled into thin wire without breaking
(6) MALLEABLE – Can be knocked into different shape

Why?
- Pure metal consists of
atom of the same size
and arranged in an
Ductile orderly manner.
- When force is applied,
layers of metal atoms
slide over each other
easily.
Why?
- There are some empty
spaces between metal
Malleable atoms.
- Upon knocking, metal
atoms slide /glide into
the empty spaces.

Purpose of alloying:
o ALLOY (Super Metal): (1) Stronger and harder
✓ Different size of atoms (2) More shiny
✓ Less orderly arrangement (3) Higher resistance to
corrosion / does not rust

ALLOY: Addition of bigger OR smaller foreign atoms (different species)!


In alloy, addition of foreign atoms with different sizes will disrupt the
orderly arrangement. When force is applied, it is harder for atoms to slide
over each other !

Some alloys you need to know!

Name of Alloy Made Of Properties Usage


➢ Car body
• Hard
Steel Iron + Carbon ➢ Construction
• Strong
➢ Railway
Iron + Carbon + • Does not
Stainless steel ➢ Surgical instrument
Chromium rust
➢ trophies ,medals
Bronze Copper + Tin • Shiny
➢ Monument
• Shiny
Brass Copper + Zinc ➢ Musical instrument
• Strong
Duralumin
Aluminium + • Strong ➢ Aeroplane
[FREQUENTLY
others • Light ➢ Rocket
ASKED]
GLASS
o Main raw material = silicon dioxide / silicon (IV) oxide / silica (SiO2)

Type of Made Of Properties Usage


Glass

Fused glass 100 % silica • High melting point ➢ Lens

Silica + Sodium
➢ Bottle
Soda-lime Carbonate + • Fragile
➢ Window
glass Calcium • Easily change shape
➢ Mirror
Carbonate
Soda-lime glass + • High heat resistance/High MP ➢ Glassware in
Borosilicate
Boron Oxide + • Low thermal expansion lab
glass
Aluminium Oxide • High corrosion resistance ➢ Cookware
Lead crystal Silica + Lead (II) ➢ Decorative
• Shiny (High refractive index)
glass Oxide item
CERAMIC
o Main component: Clay (Aluminium oxide, Magnesium oxide)
o Properties of ceramic:
(1) Hard and brittle
(2) High resistance to heat
(3) High resistance to chemicals / inert
(4) Electric insulator

o Why Ceramic is strong and hard ?


Reason : Strong ionic bond and covalent bond

o Traditional ceramics : use to make pot, bowl, tiles, plate, brick

o Advanced ceramics (very high resistance to heat and abrasion) : use to


make brake disc, cutting disc
COMPOSITE MATERIAL
o Composite material is a material made from combining two or more non-
homogeneous substances, that is matrix substance and strengthening
substance

Name of Made Of Properties Usage


Composite
Material
Reinforced Concrete + Very strong ➢ Construction
concrete Steel High compression +
stretching strength
Support very heavy load
Super [NOT Conduct electricity at no ➢ Electric cables
conductor IMPORTANT] resistance at low ➢ Super magnet
temperature (MRI, bullet
train)
Fibre glass Glass + Plastic Strong and light ➢ Helmet
➢ Racquet
➢ Water storage
tank
Fibre optic / High Transfer data at high ➢ Data cable
optical fibre refractive speed ➢ Telecommunication
index + Low
refractive
index glass
Photochromic Glass (silica) + Turn dark when exposed ➢ Car window
glass Silver Chloride to light ➢ Office window
/ Bromide + ➢ Lens
Copper (I)
Chloride

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