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11TH Class Communication

Narration change

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26 views12 pages

11TH Class Communication

Narration change

Uploaded by

tiyasad067
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGLISH & PROFESSIONAL

COMMUNICATION

BCA 1ST SEM

SUB CODE – AECC101


CLASS 11

TODAY’S TOPIC – NARRATION CHANGE


Questions in indirect speech :
Rules :
1. When we turn direct questions into indirect speech, the following changes are
necessary:
a). Tenses, Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives, and Adverbs of time and place
change as in statements .
b). The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affirmative form .
c). The question mark is omitted in indirect questions.
2. If the introductory verb is say, it must be changed to verb of inquiry, e.g. ask,
wonder, want to know etc.
He said, "Where is the station?“
He asked where the station was.
3. If there is no question word, if or whether must be used :
"Is anyone there?" he asked.
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
4. Ask can be followed by the person addressed (indirect object):

He asked, "What have you got in your bag?“


He asked (me) what I had got in my bag.
(But wonder and want to know cannot take an indirect object, so if we wish to report a
question where the person addressed is mentioned, we must use ask.)

He said, "Mary, when is the next train?“


He asked Mary when the next train was.

5. If the direct question begins with a question word (when, where, who, how, why etc.)
the question word is repeated in the indirect question :

He said, "Why didn't you put on the brake?“


He asked (her) why she hadn't put on the brake.

She said, "What do you want?“


She asked (them) what they wanted.
Command/Request/Advice in Indirect Speech :
Direct command: He said, "Lie down, Tom“.
Indirect command: He told Tom to lie down.
Indirect commands, requests, and advice are usually expressed by a verb of
command/request/advice + object + infinitive.
A. The following verbs can be used: advise, ask, beg, command, order, remind, tell,
warn etc.
He said, "Take your medicines regularly, Tom.“
He advised Tom to take his medicines regularly.

B. Negative commands, requests etc. are usually reported by not + infinitive: "Don't
swim out too far, boys", I said.
I warned/told the boys not to swim out too far.
Exclamations in Indirect Speech :
1. Exclamations usually become statements in indirect speech. The exclamation
mark disappears. Exclamations beginning with What... or How... can be reported
by: exclaim/say + that
He said, "What a dreadful ideal" or "How dreadful!"
He exclaimed that it was a dreadful idea/was dreadful.
To give an exclamation of delight/disgust/horror/relief/surprise etc. if the exclamation
is followed by an action (b) we can use the construction with an exclamation of
delight/disgust etc. + he/she etc. + verb.
2. Other types of exclamation such as Good! Marvellous! Splendid! Heavens! Oh!
Ugh! Etc. can be reported as in (b) above:
"Good!" he exclaimed.
He gave an exclamation of pleasure/satisfaction.
"Ugh!" she exclaimed and turned the programme off.
With an exclamation of disgust, she turned the programme off.
Note:
He said, "Thank you!"
He thanked me.
He said, "Good luck!"
He wished me luck.

He said, "Happy Christmas!"


He wished me a happy Christmas.

He said, "Congratulations!"
He congratulated me.

He said, "Liar!"
He called me a liar.

He said, "Damn!"
He swore.

The notice said: WELCOME TO WALES!


The notice welcomed visitors to Wales.
Yes and No in indirect speech :
"yes" and "no" are expressed in indirect speech by subject +
appropriate auxiliary verb.

He said, "Can you swim?" and I said "No"


He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn’t.

He said, "Will you have time to do it?" and I said "Yes"


He asked if I would have time to do it and I said that I would.
Offers And Suggestions In Indirect Speech :
A. Offers:
"Shall I bring you some tea?" could be reported as
He offered to bring me some tea.

B. Suggestions:
"Shall we meet at the theatre?" could be reported
He suggested meeting at the theatre

C. Indirect speech: Mixed types:


Direct speech may consist of statement question, question + command, command +
statement, or all three together.
Normally each requires its own introductory verb.

"I don't know the way. Do you?" he asked.


He said he didn't know the way and asked her if she did if she knew it.
He said, "Someone is coming. Get behind the screen.
" He said that someone was coming and told me to get behind the screen.
D. Say and tell as introductory verbs :
a. say and tell with direct speech.
1. say can introduce a statement or follow it.
Tom said, "I've just heard the news".
Or
"I've just heard the news", Tom said.

Inversion of say and noun subject is possible when say follows the statement,

"I've just heard the news", said Tom.

say+to+ person addressed is possible, but this phrase must follow the direct
statement: it cannot introduce it.

"I'm leaving at once", Tom said to me. Inversion is not possible here.
2. Tell requires the person addressed. Tell me. He told us. I'll tell Tom. Except
with tell lies/stories/the truth/the time, when the person addressed need not
to be mentioned.

He told (me) lies.


I'll tell (you) a story.

Tell used with direct speech must be placed after the direct statement:
"I'm leaving at once", Tom told me.
Inversion is not possible with tell.

Say and Tell with indirect speech, Indirect statements are normally introduced by
say, or tell + object. Say + to + object is possible but less usual than tell + object

He said he'd just heard the news.


He told me that he'd just heard the news.
Note : tell…how/about:
He told us how he had crossed the mountains.
He told us about crossing the mountains.
He told us about his journeys.

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