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In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Fiqh of Purification
This comprehensive presentation covers the Book of Purification. It will discuss the categories of
water, the rulings on utensils, and the details of ablution (wudu) and ritual bathing (ghusl) in
Islam. This guide is designed to help you understand the fundamentals of purification clearly and
simply.

Categories of Water in Islam


1. Pure Water (‫)ا ْل َما ُء ال َّط ُهور‬
o Water that remains in its natural state, such as rainwater, river water, and spring
water.
o Ruling: Pure in itself and can purify other things.
2. Clean Water (‫)ا ْل َما ُء ال َّطاهِر‬
o Water that has changed due to a pure substance, like saffron.
o Ruling: Pure in itself but cannot purify other things.
3. Impure Water (‫)ا ْل َما ُء النَّ ِجس‬
o Water that has been contaminated by impurity.
o Ruling: Impure and cannot be used for purification.

Rulings on Doubts About Water Purity


1. Doubt about the impurity of pure water
o Do not consider the doubt and maintain certainty about its purity.
2. Doubt about the purity of impure water
o Do not consider the doubt and maintain certainty about its impurity.
3. General Principle
o Stick to certainty and disregard doubts in matters of purification.

Permissible and Impermissible Utensils


1. Permissible Utensils
o Made from materials like wood, leather, brass, and iron.

2. Impermissible Utensils
o Made from human skin or bones, as well as gold and silver.

1
Rulings on Using Gold and Silver Utensils
1. Prohibition of Use
o It is forbidden to use gold and silver utensils for eating, drinking, or purification.
2. Minor Repairs with Silver
o It is permissible to use utensils repaired with a small amount of silver when
necessary, but it is disliked to touch the repaired area directly.
3. Other Items
o It is forbidden to use other gold and silver items, such as pens, inkpots, or lamps.

Istinja and Istijmar


1. Istinja
o Cleaning the private parts with water.
2. Istijmar
o Removing impurity with a stone, paper, wood, or soil.
3. Preferred Practice
o Combining istinja and istijmar is the most complete form of cleanliness.

Etiquette of Relieving Oneself


1. Before Entering
o Avoid entering with items containing the name of Allah and it is forbidden to
enter with a Quran.
2. While Relieving Oneself
o Avoid facing or turning your back to the Qibla if outdoors. Avoid talking or
responding to greetings.
3. After Relieving Oneself
o Perform istinja or istijmar while avoiding using the right hand.

Conditions for Ablution (Wudu)


1. Being a Muslim, mentally sound, and able to discern.
2. Intention and maintaining it.
3. Stopping anything that nullifies ablution.
4. Using pure and permissible water.
5. Removing anything that prevents water from reaching the skin.

2
Obligatory Acts of Ablution
1. Washing the face, including rinsing the mouth and nose.
2. Washing the hands up to the elbows.
3. Wiping the entire head, including the ears.
4. Washing the feet up to the ankles.
• Observing the correct order and continuity is necessary for valid ablution.

Complete Method of Ablution


1. Beginning
o Intention, saying “Bismillah,” and washing the hands three times.
2. Face and Hands
o Rinsing the mouth and nose, washing the face and hands up to the elbows.
3. Head and Ears
o Wiping the head and ears once.
4. Feet
o Washing the feet up to the ankles, ensuring water reaches between the toes.

Nullifiers of Ablution
1. Deep sleep.
2. Discharge from the private parts, such as urine or feces.
3. Loss of consciousness due to deep sleep or fainting.
4. Touching a woman with desire, according to most scholars.
5. Touching the private parts without a barrier.

Obligations of Ghusl (Full Body Purification)


1. Discharge of seminal fluid with desire, whether awake or asleep.
2. Sexual intercourse, even without ejaculation.
3. After menstruation or post-natal bleeding.
4. Embracing Islam for a new Muslim.

3
Complete Method of Ghusl
1. Intention and Saying Bismillah
o Have the intention for ghusl and say “Bismillah.”
2. Washing Hands and Performing Ablution
o Wash the hands three times and perform a complete ablution.
3. Pouring Water Over the Head
o Ensure water reaches the roots of the hair, pouring three times.
4. Washing the Entire Body
o Wash the rest of the body, starting with the right side.

Prohibitions for Those Without Purity


1. Minor Impurity
o Prohibited from prayer, circumambulating the Kaaba, or touching the Quran.
2. Major Impurity
o In addition to the above, prohibited from reciting the Quran or staying in the
mosque.

Recommended Baths
1. Bathing on Friday, which is highly emphasized.
2. Bathing on the two Eids (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha).
3. Bathing before Ihram for Hajj or Umrah.
4. Bathing upon entering Mecca.

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