CO QAH + MELC LW

HANDOUT No. 1
Course Outline & Quality Assured
in COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY,
Handouts paired with MELC-
Based Learner’s Worksheet and CITIZENSHIP

MELC: Explain the core values of community action initiatives

a. Human rights
b. Gender equality and equity
c. Participatory development

Semester: 2nd Quarter: 4 Week No. 1 Day: 1- 4

LESSON: Core Values of Community Actions

Human rights shield humanity, whatever their circumstances in life may be, against the powerful who may
abuse their authority and influence over others. The respect, protection, and fulfillment of human rights have
become an indicator for political performance and governance at home and abroad. These have also become the
process to achieve human development.
TOPIC 1: HUMAN RIGHTS

Human Rights, according to the United Nations (UN 2009,1998), refer to the
What is
Human basic standards or fundamental freedoms and liberties inherent or inalienable to all
Rights human beings-whatever their race, sex, gender, social class, age, disability, religion,
political affiliation, creed, or other characteristic of background or group membership.
Based on this definition of human rights, one can draw out its core characteristics or
principles, namely: universal and nondiscriminatory, inalienable, and interconnected
and invisible.

CORE CHARACTERISTICS/ PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Universal and non-discriminatory

- Human rights apply equally to all people because

everyone is born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Thus, everyone should be respected regardless of their
characteristic, background or group membership.

Inalienable

-
Human rights are innate to all human beings and cannot
be traded for something else or be taken away. People
have https://www.google.com/search?q=human+rights&tbm=human
rights even if governments violate them or refuse to recognize them.

Interconnected and indivisible

- Each human right is realized in the fulfillment of other rights; thus, the violation of one affects the
other. All human rights must be realized together and no right can be prioritized over another.

FIVE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. CIVIL RIGHTS
 Include the right to life, liberty and personal security; the right to be equal before the law; the right
to be protected from arbitrary arrest; the right to the due process of law; the right to a fair trial; and
the right to practice religious freedom and worship.
 Civil rights also establish the right of every child to be registered and to have a name and a
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 nationality.
2. POLITICAL RIGHTS
 Guarantee an individual’s involvement in public affairs, which include the right to speech and
expression, the right to assembly association, and the right to vote and participate in political
affairs.

3. ECONOMIC RIGHTS
 Include the right to work and fair remuneration; the right to form trade unions and free
associations; and the right to social security, including insurance.
4. SOCIAL RIGHTS
 Include the right to a family; the right to education; the right to health and well-being; the right to
leisure time; and the right to enjoy the widest possible protection and assist for the family,
especially for mothers, children and young persons.
5. CULTURAL RIGHTS
 Include the rights to the benefits of culture; the right to indigenous land, rituals, and shared
cultural practices; the right to speak one’s own language; and the right to “mother tongue”
education.

https://www.google.com/search?q=human+rights&tbm=

TOPIC 2: GENDER EQUALITY AND EQUITY

GENDER EQUALITY- entails the freedom

of human beings—both men and women—
to develop their personal abilities and make
choices without limitations set by gender
stereotypes, rigid gender roles, and
prejudices.
• Emphasizes that gender equality
does not imply men and women
becoming the https://www.google.com/search?q=gender+equality&tbmsame.
• What is underscored is that their rights, responsibilities, and opportunities must not be dependent
on whether the person is born a male or female; and that the different behaviors, aspirations and
needs of both men and women be equally considered, valued and favored.

Gender Equity- means fairness of treatment for men and women according to their respective needs
(ILO 2007)
• This entails the process of impartially allocating resources, programs, and decision-making to
both males and females without any discrimination on the basis of sex; and of addressing any
imbalances in the benefits available to males and females.

SEX AND GENDER

Sex refers to the biological and physiological differences between males

and females that are determined by nature: thus, it is given, universal and is
unalterable. (Male or Female)
https:// www.google.com/search?q=gender+equality&tbm
Gender refers to the set of social norms, practices, and institutions that regulate the relations between

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men and women, which vary and change across cultures and time. (Masculinity or Feminity)

Gender Socialization
A process in which men and women learn about their proper
place in society through various practices learned in the
family, religion, education, culture, peers and media.

Patriarchy
• A form of social organization in which males dominate
over females.
• Through patriarchy, systematic gender roles and
division of labor have been created based on gender stereotypes associated with one’s sex.

TOPIC 3: PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT

Participatory Development
- means eliciting the involvement of a local population (especially the poor, the vulnerable and the
marginalized in creating policies and in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating
development programs and projects that are designed to empower and to help them make effective
choices.

https://www.google.com/search?q=participatory+development+cartoon&tbm=isch&ved=

In order to avoid barriers to participation, the following strategies are recommended to encourage
people's participation:

Conscientization
- This helps people understand the underlying causes of their situation by having them think about
and reflect on the problems and the environment in which they live.

Needs identification and goal determination

- These helps identify their (1) needs (2) the strategies to meet those needs, and (3) the necessary
resources required to implement the various strategies.

Developing and enhancing confidence, skills, and knowledge

- This helps people to learn by doing, giving them trainings based on needs assessment, sharing vital
information, and facilitating access to information.

Consultation, dialogue, and involvement in decision-making

- These involve inviting the people (especially the poor, vulnerable, and the marginalized) to express
their views on proposed actions for change and engage them in a dialogue so that they may have a
voice in future undertakings.

Delegation of tasks and being accountable

- These require assigning tasks, through informed consent, to people involved in decision-making so
that they can have a chance to be involved in the actual management and implementation of
development programs and projects.

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Ownership and control of resources
- These allow people to manage their own affairs, have a deeper involvement in the process of
organizing community projects, and help them maximize the use of their local resources in sustaining
development interventions.

Sharing benefits of the development process and outcomes

- The benefits of development and sharing the redistribution of goods and services must be distributed
equitably. This must be done especially to the marginalized so they may be able to get fair share of
the community’s wealth and participate fully in the development process.
-
Involvement of women in the development process
- In poverty-stricken areas, women and girls are often poorer and more vulnerable compared to their
male counterparts. Given this, women must be given a chance to work with other women and help
them address—alongside with men—their biological needs and the pervasive issues of
discrimination, exploitation, marginalization, oppression and subordination.

Establishing Partnerships and conducting self-evaluation.

- People must be treated as partners of development or co-journeyers in the development process.
They should not be considered as mere program beneficiaries, but as agents that can also actualize
change among themselves and their communities.

Environment Protection
- People’s participation will be obstructed when the environment where they belong to negatively
impacts their well-being and welfare. Hence, people should be made aware of their economic and
spiritual connection with the environment so they can take necessary actions for its protection and
care.

Stages and levels of participation

Stages of Development intervention

• Needs Assessment involves expressing opinions about desirable improvements, prioritizing,
goals and negotiating with agencies or external organizations
• Planning concerns the formulation of objectives, the formulation of goals, and the assessment of
plans.
• Mobilizing involves raising awareness in the community about needs, and establishing or
supporting organizational structures within the community.
• Training entails the participation in formal and informal training activities that will enhance
communications, construction, maintenance, and financial management skills.
• Implementing concerns, the engagement in management activities; direct contribution to
construction, operation, and maintenance with labor and materials; contribution of cash towards
costs; and payment of services and membership fees of community organizations.
• Monitoring and evaluation involve participation in the appraisal of work done, recognizing
improvements that can be made, and redefining needs.

Eight levels of Participation

(1) Manipulation and (2) Therapy

Are “nonparticipative” whose aim is to cure or educate the participants. The proposed plan is best
and the job of participation is to achieve public support for a project designed by a third party, expert, aid,
agency, authority, and the like.

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(3) Informing
is an important first step to legitimate participation. Without a free flow of information, people will
be deprived of making “informed choices” which makes a civil participation (or even democracy)
meaningless.

(4) Consultation
is a legitimate step where people are asked about what they think should be done to address their
problems.

(5) Placation
includes the co-option of handpicked “worthies” onto committees. The selected people in the
communities are allowed to create community development plans, but the implementation of the plan still
remains in the hands of power holders.

(6) Partnership
Allows power to be shared between citizens and power holders. Planning, implementation,
monitoring, and evaluation of projects are shared through joint committees.

(7) Delegated Power

allows community members to be given the power to make decisions regarding the community
development projects that are to be implemented in their area.

(8) Citizen Control

Allows people to design, implement, and evaluate community development projects on their own,
without external help or with very minimal support.

REFERENCES

Abenir, Mark Anthony D. “ Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship” DIWA LEARNING
SYSTEMS INC., DIWA Senior High School Series. Pages 72-97

Alipao, Froilan A. “Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship” DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS
INC., DIWA Senior High School Series. Pages 72-97

Urgel, Elizabeth T. “Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship” DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS
INC., DIWA Senior High School Series. Pages 72-97