WHAT IS GAT?

 GAT is an acronym for the General Aptitude Test. For more than 15 years,
the General Aptitude Test has been used as one of the key instruments
for selecting students who will be admitted to universities and colleges in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (Note that if you took your high school
certificate from Saudi Arabian Schools, you must take Qudurat test if you
want to study in Egypt or Jordan)

OBJECTIVES 

 The ability to understand the comprehended reading.

 The ability to understand logical relationships.
 The ability to solve problems based on basic mathematical concepts.
 The ability to measure and use quick methods to solve problems.
 The ability to conclude and deduct.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION 

1) GAT has 120 questions, 68 questions are Verbal, and 52 questions are
Quantitative.
2) The test consumes approximately 2 hours/120 minutes to solve 120
questions.
3) Each part contains approximately 25 questions from one section, in
Verbal or Quantitative.

1
GAT Sections

GAT

Verbal Quantitative

Algebra
Analogy

Geometry
Sentence
Completion

Arithmetic
Contextual
Error

Statistics
Atypical Word

Reading
Comparison
Comprehension

2
Verbal Skills:

1) Analogy
2) Sentence Completion
3) Contextual Error
4) Atypical Word
5) Reading comprehension

How do you solve the verbal part questions?

- Make sure to read all the choices.
- Eliminate illogical choices.
- Start by solving the verbal part questions because it is very easy, and leave
the Reading comprehension questions till the end.

3
Analogy:
Analogy is a question of a pair of two words having a specific relationship. The
student must find the relationship of paired words and choose the correct pair
between 4 pairs (choices) which has the same relationship to the questioned
pair, such as (University Department) has the same relationship with (Company
Segment), which is all to part relationship.

► You MUST recognize the relationships represented in the words of the

query, then choose your answer so that the relationship is the first pair of
words in terms of sense order and purpose is like the relationship in the
second pair of words. To solve the question correctly, make sure that you did
these 2 steps:

1. You understood the meaning of the question words.

2. You defined the relationship between the words.

►There are many relationships between analogies such as:

No Relationship Example Clarification

1. Part to all Word: The word is part of the sentence
Sentence
2. Verb tenses Teach: Taught is the past verb of teach
Taught
3. Succession Ebb: Flow Ebb and Flow are successes
4. Gradation Smile: Laugh Expressing the joy
5. Cause and Recklessness Recklessness is a cause that effects to the
effect : Regret regret
6. Problem and broken: fix If something was broken, you have to fix it
solution
7. Synonym Profusion: Same meaning
Profligacy
8. Opposite Large: Small Both words are different in meaning
4
 9. Function Watch: The watch’s job is to let us know the time
Time
10. Coupling Darkness: Darkness is always coupled with night
Night
11. Place Hive: Bee Hive is the place of the Bee
12. Time Fasting: We are fasting during Ramadan month
Ramadan
13. One type Turkey: Turkey and Chicken have the same order
Chicken (Galiformes)
14. Machine and Saw: Wood Saw is used to cut wood
its uses
15. Classification Diamond: Diamond is a part of (Type of) Jewels
Jewels
16. Young of Cub: Lion Cub is the young Lion
17. Source of Coal: The Source of coal is Astrologer
Astrologer
18. Condition Ablution: The condition to pray is the have an
Prayer ablution
19. Sound of Sward: The sound of the Sword is Clank
Clank

Note that lots of relationships that we cannot enclose them all, but
the above schedule shows the most repeated relations in the test.

Here are some examples of Analogy questions:

1 Berlin : Germany
a) Toronto: Canada b) Sydney: Australia
c) Egypt: Cario d) Prague: Czech

First, you need to understand the meaning of these words, and they are talking
about cities and countries. Second, you need to understand the relationship
between these two words, which is the Capital of the Country (Berlin is the
Capital of Germany). So, the 1st choice is wrong because Toronto is not the
capital of Canada, same for the 2nd choice. The 3rd choice is correct. But the
4th one is more accurate, because the relationship in the 3rd choice is flipped

5
(Country and its Capital). Hence, the 4th choice which is (Prague: Czech) is the
correct answer.

2 Whales : Sea
a) bird: cage b) stars: sky
c) lions: soil d) home: human

The correct answer here is the 2nd choice because the relationship in the
question is (Place). Whales are in the sea, and stars are in the sky. Note that
the 4th choice is correct, but it is flipped (homes are not in humans, humans
are in homes).
3 Crime : Punishment
a) criminal: fear b) court: thief
c) money: richness d) search: police

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice because the relationship in the
question is (Cause and Effect). If there is a crime, then the person who did the
crime will be punished. Also, the person who has money will be rich.
4 Finger: Hand
a) car: engine b) flower nectar
c) garden: farm d) leaf: tree

The correct answer here is the 4th choice because the relationship in the
question is (Part of). The finger is part of a hand. Also, the leaf if part of a tree.
Note that the 1st choice is correct, but it is flipped (car is not part of an engine,
engine is part of a car).
4 Knife: Cutting
a) whisk: whipping b) enormous: giant
c) saw: wood d) valley: hill

The correct answer here is the 1st choice because the relationship in the
question is (Function). A knife is used for cutting (cutting an apple for
6
instance). Also, a whisk is used for whipping (whipping an egg for instance).
Note that we didn't choose the 3rd one because wood is not a function.

Now, let's do some practice for analogy questions:

1 class: school
a) tree: branch b) paper: book
c) driver: car d) students : teacher

2 attractant: repellent
a) pleased: hardship b) sad: depressed
c) happy: smiling d) ugly: beautiful

3 run: burnout
a) farewell: missing b) tears: crying
c) arrogance: pride d) engagement: marriage

4 enigma: solution
a) answer: question b) night: sleep
c) illness: cure d) reflection: deduce

5 iron: safe
a) lead: pen b) leather: bag
c) door: wood d) car: tire

6 baker: flour
a) tailor: textile b) painter: canvas
c) carpenter : chair d) farmer: seed

7 poor: destitute
a) money: cash b) love :amiability
c) stipend: success d) rich: wealthy

7
 8 island: water
a) land : sun b) wall :home
c) fence: garden d) neck: necklace

9 pharmacy: medicine
a) book : information b) doctor: cures
c) constructing: building d) shop: market

10 delights: food
a) cleared : sky b) tastes: drink
c) pleased: talk d) great: method

11 farmer: agriculture
a) worker : workshop b) man: journalism
c) teacher: education d) effort: production

12 audacity: fear
a) failure : panic b) ebb: flow
c) night: day d) fast: slow

13 spear: hunting
a) arc : arrow b) iron: train
c) gold: ornament d) writing: pen

14 deep: abyssal
a) fasting : sleeping b) floating: upright
c) sick: blunt d) light: shallow

15 Bahrain: Tunisia
a) Greece : UK b) Muscat: Riyadh
c) Sudan: Turkey d) Kuwait: Algeria

16 grove: flower
a) house : tree b) teacher: student
c) hospital: patient d) leader: army

8
 17 prayer: response
a) skill : mastery b) headset: phone
c) travel: vacation d) lens: glasses

18 poison: snake
a) salmon : fish b) hump: camel
c) musk: deer d) mouth: whale

19 monuments: pyramids
a) desert : barren b) citrus: lemon
c) almonds: nuts d) shoes: dress

20 Cent: Dollar
a) day : month b) gram: kilogram
c) meter: centimeter d) year : century

21 sunrise: sunset
a) travel: coming back b) attending: going
c) departure: arrival d) appearance: disappearance

22 pearl: sea
a) petroleum: land b) hole: shoe
c) talk: whisper d) engine: pump

23 gravel: rock
a) north: south b) filings: iron
c) puppy: dog d) soil: clay

24 human: brain
a) ship: sea b) mountain: desert
c) company: board of d) advertisement: newspaper
management

9
 25 teacher: pen
a) jailer: judgment b) warrior : sword
c) scalpel : surgeon d) pen: teacher

26 blood: vein
a) lock: key b) artery: heart
c) desert: tent d) recklessness: regret

27 fats: obesity
a) healthy food: long life b) height: agility
c) health: vegetables d) sports: fitness

28 optimistic: pessimistic
a) rich: poor b) success: diligence
c) joyful: sorrowful d) dusk: dawn

29 apple: jam
a) water : snow b) butter: milk
c) steam: dew d) ash: fire

30 sheikh: marriage contract

a) marble : stone b) sight: vision
c) Refrigerator: cooling d) hand: oppression

31 justice: scale
a) peace: dove b) oppression: violence
c) tall: short d) sale: stuffs

32 diligence: win
a) waiting: bored b) plane : wing
c) divergent: space d) pillar : tent

33 seventh: eighth
a) fifth: forth b) ablution: prayer
c) training : mastery d) child :adult

10
 34 truth: lie
a) night: day b) faith: disbelief
c) yellowness: redness d) ignorance: knowledge

35 vase: masterpiece
a) wrist: bracelet b) shoes: feet
c) pencil: eraser d) home: palace

36 leg: table
a) channel: corridor b) wing: bird
c) car: wheels d) ear: nose

37 lion: leo
a) health: fitness b) sword : dagger
c) Sword: blade d) hole: well

38 stingy: miserly
a) smart: dexterous b) lie: truth
c) scientist: jurist d) generosity: hospitality

39 rich: money
a) poverty: good b) aim: access
c) trading: workers d) chatter : talk

40 violence: activity
a) morning: evening b) grief: mood
c) fast: slow d) hardness: evil

41 mark: sign
a) falsehood: lie b) richness: loss
c) desire: prayer d) cut: break

42 January: February
a) pilgrimage: Zu al-hejja b) fasting: Ramadan
c) Autumn: Winter d) play: failure

11
 43 colostrum: milk
a) fruits: firsts b) sipping: drinking
c) drowsiness : insomnia d) front: vanguard

44 wood: saw
a) nail: hummer b) scissors: haircut
c) glasses: eye d) knife: meat

45 ship: port
a) cows: barn b) cars: road
c) Newspaper: Issue d) river: ocean

46 birds: sparrow hawk

a) cough: disease b) father: grandfather
c) falcon: eagle d) disease: ophthalmic

47 chair: wood
a) iron: car b) ring: silver
c) cotton : wool d) Kaaba: clothing

48 miser: money
a) wood: lumberjack b) nerd: knowledge
c) sea: water d) cash : pocket

49 nest: bird
a) book : library b) pod: headphone
c) feather : inkwell d) mouth: teeth

50 lock: door
a) Prayer: Mosque b) School: class
c) fingerprint: phone d) engine : plane

51 gold: editing
a) wood: carpentry b) wool: cut
c) Cotton: sale d) tent: pillars

12
 52 puppy: dog
a) mare: horse b) cub: lion
c) den: lion d) horse : foal

53 training: a play
a) applause: cast b) draft: novel
c) event: novel d) cast : theater

54 charity: growth
a) happiness: melancholy b) bowing : prostration
c) prayer: response d) day :sun

55 distress: serenity
a) cloudy: clear b) water: clay
c) pure: impure d) clean: dirty

56 night: sleep
a) noon: afternoon b) fasting : pilgrimage
c) Ramadan: fasting d) waking up : working

57 brush: draw
a) canvas: nature b) pen: writing
c) red: colors d) carpenter : saw

58 dead: live
a) dwarf: giant b) child: kid
c) sane : wise d) innocent: accused

59 sand: glass
a) cellulose: paper b) milk: cow
c) day: minute d) copper: lead

60 ox: cow
a) man: woman b) horse: mare
c) kitten: cat d) male : female

13
 61 evidence: proof
a) argument: strong b) snow : steam
c) strength: asthenia d) happiness: glee

62 cold: coryza
a) tightness: crowd b) Swarm: mirage
c) altitude: highness d) hot: fever

63 crow: whoop
a) pigeon: coo b) rooster: cluck
c) car: horn d) lion :cub

64 wolf: predator
a) camel: desert b) gazelle: predator
c) chicken : tame d) bear: omnivore

65 firmness: stability
a) demolish: progress b) dependence: reliance
c) aborted : arrival d) sunrise: advent

66 port: cargo
a) road: travel b) hospital: treatment
c) airport: travelers d) lab: working

67 problem: solution
a) night : day b) ignorance: knowledge
c) pleading : rule d) crisis: relief

68 war: peace
a) believer : faithless b) sword: sheath
c) army : victory d) killed: injured

69 tusk: Elephant
a) leg: human b) claw: eagle
c) pencil: student d) award: winning

14
 70 tree: bark
a) human : skin b) image: frame
c) shark : teeth d) camel: wool

71 Makkah: pilgrimage
a) Ramadan: breakfast b) money: charity
c) bedroom : sleep d) star: moon

72 carpenter: blacksmith
a) painter: painting b) learning: teacher
c) woodworking: firewood d) calligrapher: sewing

73 tongue: pronunciation
a) intend: left b) minute : second
c) tree: forest d) speech: understand

74 flag: pole
a) banner :flutters b) food: table
c) mountain: summit d) sea: port

75 depth: profundity
a) sea: lake b) cave: cavern
c) wave : clouds d) mountain : valley

76 patience: relief
a) work: earn b) imprisonment : endless
c) illness: cure d) debt: repayment

77 monopoly: expensiveness
a) stability: justice b) illness: death
c) marriage: offspring d) study: distinction

78 duck: chicken
a) apple: dates b) night: star
c) cave: hill d) lion: leo

15
 79 novel: poet
a) road: path b) pen: book
c) clothes: drying d) movie: series

80 shape: form
a) arrow: sword b) backfill: demolish
c) sit: stop d) hunger: starve

81 night: dark
a) hair: blonde b) lips: murky
c) day: hard d) horse: white

82 disparity: divergence
a) Worn out : affinity b) aging: tenacity
c) decrease : decline d) clear: foggy

83 certificate: job
a) marriage: sons b) knife: apple
c) teacher: educating d) library: brain

84 overeating: obesity
a) fatigue: rest b) deceptive: realistic
c) glee: success d) laziness: fail

85 gasoline: petroleum
a) salt: sea b) tall: short
c) soil: plants d) diamond : necklace

86 sea: pearl
a) library: books b) cars: parking lot
c) chairs: school d) hospital: nurse

87 grape: raisin
a) man: kid b) wheat: flour
c) milk: yogurt d) diamond : emerald

16
88 intelligence: foolishness
a) truck: bike b) strength: weakness
c) sea: sky d) sun: moon

89 sparrow: flies
a) jumps: kangaroo b) cheetah: runs
c) insect: swims d) climbs: monkey

90 engine: noise
a) sky: rain b) cash: coins
c) yawn : sleep d) pencil : squeak

91 software: hardware
a) ally: enemy b) planet: food
c) chemistry: physics d) snack: lunch

92 break: broken
a) run: ran b) teach: teaches
c) do: did d) swim: swum

93 request: order
a) important: main b) worst: best
c) race: rise d) strike: dodge

94 drank: drink
a) sold: sell b) go: went
c) worn : wear d) flown: fly

95 coins: money
a) phone: screen b) volleyball : sport
c) bean : lentils d) vehicles: bus

17
Sentence completion

Sentence Completion is a term with one, two or three blanks would be seen by
the student. Any blank means that there is a missing word. There are 4
alternative options for missing words following the sentence. In order to make
a coherent sentence, you have to take the most acceptable choice which
makes the sentence useful and has a valuable meaning.

Here are some examples of Sentence Completion questions:

1 The purpose of our lives is to be ………

a) sad b) poor
c) happy d) generous

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice because this choice will make the
sentence acceptable and has a valuable meaning. The main purpose is to be
Happy, not poor, not sad, and not generous. Note that generous word is a
good choice but happy is much better.

2 Study ……. To…… your goals

a) hard – achieve b) smartly – break
c) easily – follow d) hard – smash

The correct answer here is the 1st choice because studying hard will help you
to achieve your goals. Other choices are obviously wrong answers because you
don't want to break or smash your goals. Also, studying easily makes the
sentence incorrect.

18
 3 It always seems ……. until it's ……….
a) Easy - started b) hard - in progress
c) mandatory - useless d) impossible - done

The correct answer here is the 4th choice because all choices make the
sentence invaluable with no meaning. Except the last choice. It always seems
impossible until it's done. Most of us think that getting a high grade in GAT is
impossible until you did it, so you will say it's possible.

4 knowledge has a ……. but no……….

a) starting - maintain b) progress - time
c) beginning - end d) rule - parliament

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice because all choices make the
sentence unvaluable with no meaning. Except the third one. All of us know
that knowledge has a beginning with no end. Knowledge never ends.

5 Being.......... is the biggest ..........from God

a) sad - punishment b) believer - gift
c) rich - award d) happy - lose

The correct answer here is the 2nd choice because all choices make the
sentence unvaluable with no meaning. Except the second one. The biggest gift
from God is faith and to be a believer of God.

IMPORTANT NOTE:

The trick of Sentence completion questions is how to

choose suitable words to create a meaningful
sentence. Don't rush and pick the choice because the
1st missing word is correct, the 2nd missing word
might be wrong. Read the sentence carefully,
understand the meaning of 19 it, and choose the most
suitable choice.
Sentence completion:
This type of questions contains a sentence that has one or two blanks, and you have
to choose the correct choice.

#Definition of the correct sentence: a group of words that lead to a useful meaning.

Now, let's do some practice for sentence completion questions:

1 The goodness .......... all, others should not .......... to get the benefit for
yourself only.
a) accommodates - fail b) overrides - be sad
c) includes - lose d) pervades be happy

2 We tend to .......... those who we don't know them because they did not
.......... before.
a) accept - make us happy b) refuse -accept us
c) believe - cheat us d) punish -obey us

3 Oblige the road of .......... because lack of.......... won't harm you.
a) Falsehood - sincere b) truth - passengers
c) truth - hypocrites d) friendship envious

4 You can get friends in two days by taking care of them ,.......... than what
you can get in ........... by letting them taking care of you.
a) better - two days b) greater an age
c) rather - decades d) more -two years

20
 5 The .......... person who always complains about the issue, but the ..........
person who tries to think and solve it.
a) weak - assertive b) strong assertive
c) weak- loser d) sane - critic

6 The .......... grazing is the .......... issues on the environment.

a) plentiful - best b) oppressive - most harmful
c) organized - worst d) temporary - most dangerous

7 The least .......... people in the world who are transferred to .......... for what
they own.
a) valuable - slaves b) enjoyable - achievers
c) revolutionary - owners d) gain able - kings

8 Life is light on .......... and heavy on Elderly.

a) an Individual b) an Old man
c) Youth d) Citizen

9 .......... in planning leads to the ...........

a) succeeding - Joy b) hurrying - profit
c) winning - nicely renewing d) failing - failure

10 The foot's stumble is .......... than tongues stumble, because foot's

stumble will be healed after splinting, meanwhile tongue's stumble will
make you detestable.
a) greater b) safer
c) faster d) clearer

11 Trusting others has two results: either.......... forever, or .......... forever

a) an ignorance - an enemy b) a lesson - a friend
c) a lose - a win d) an enmity - a love

12 Orientalists are western people studied .......... in the Arab world, and
they showed the …….. Sides inside this world.
a) greater b) safer
c) faster d) clearer

21
13 If someone became a scientist in one field only, then he forbids himself
from the .......... diversity.
a) cognitive b) philosophical
c) literary d) environmental

14 If you couldn't be a star in the .........., try to be a lamp in your ……..

a) sky-home b) heaven - work
c) land - home d) sky - community

15 The .......... person who stops in front of your success is ………..

a) loser-yourself b) ignorant -yourself
c) selfish - your friend d) only - you

16 It’s .......... to understand the truth after discovering it, but the idea is in
finding it.
a) hard b) easy
c) impossible d) known

17 Smokers think that .......... Smoking is ……….., and this is a big ………
a) quit - impossible - illusion b) stop - hard - mistake
c) give up – easy - hope d) quit - hard - dream

18 Confidence like the sandcastle, its .......... to build, but ……….. to destroy.
a) Rare - hard b) easy- hard
c) good - beautiful d) hard- easy

19 It's your choice to .......... people, but you don't have rights to discredit
who you ………..
a) hate - hate b) love - love
c) detest - know d) criticize eulogize

20 On your way to .......... On life, don't forget to ………..

a) search - stop b) knowledge - disappear
c) search - live d) stop - move

22
21 It's easier to .......... people than to convince them that they have been
………..
a) love hated b) hit - injured
c) fool-fooled d) kill - died

22 If you want to change your life .........., you must change ………..
a) way- your walk b) style- your overview
c) program - meditation d) style – yourself

23 Who omits your .......... is not a fool, he just doesn't want to ……….. you
a) hurt – know b) offense - lose
c) mistakes - advise d) faults - eulogize

24 Everything is .......... impossible, until it is done

e) practically f) physically
g) theoretically h) literary

25 When someone wants to kill a Tiger, he will call it a .........., but when
Tiger wants to kill him, he will call it a ………..
a) sport – ferocity b) confrontation - flirtation
c) hobby - confrontation d) battle – truce

26 Science never .......... a problem without ……….. ten more

a) creates – hiding b) proofs – arguing
c) solves – creating d) finds – solving

27 Science is organized .......... and Wisdom is organized ………..

a) solution – mind b) knowledge – life
c) criteria – schedule d) problems – ideas

28 If you cannot do .......... things, do small things in a ……….. way.

a) fundamental – great b) hard – easy
c) big – small d) great – great

23
 29 Best thing in the life is: .......... Who offended you, and forgive who
oppressed you ………..
a) accept b) laminate
c) hold on d) left off

30 Some people ruin their lives worrying about .......... and getting sad on the
past’s ………..
a) their sons – memories b) the present – situations
c) the future – negatives d) their money – expenses

31 Never accept anything .......... than what you ………..

a) more - deny b) more – request
c) less – ask d) less – deserve

32 The best way to ....... yourself is to try to…..... someone else up

a) develop- envy b) cheer – cheer
c) improve – improve d) build – maintain

33 The wrong decision doubles your …..... meanwhile the right decision
doubles your........ So don't worry any how and be a decision maker.
a) wealth – knowledge b) distress – sadness
c) experience – confidence d) resignation – satisfaction

34 The age of alternative energy wil ….... his existence, and the solar energy
will take a/an ..... place between alternative energies
a) prove – small b) misfire – high
c) impose – important d) loss – great

35 You must talk wisely, even if you treated ………..

a) smartly b) cleverly
c) stupidly d) sympathetically

36 All attempts to …….. in manners between saying and doing is an obvious

………..
a) separate - cheat b) gather – truth
c) criticize – crime d) storming – intercalation
24
37 The book is the most........ thing that human made ever because we can
……... the ancient world life and science by reading their books
a) dangerous - discover b) important – reach
c) useful – imagine d) editable – find out

38 The smart person transfers losses into ….... meanwhile the foolish person
will make the ….... two instead of one.
a) profits - calamity b) disasters – bliss
c) gains – precious d) albumen – opinion

39 Who enters the …….. Without good deeds like getting into the sea
without ………..
a) city - paddles b) market – goods
c) home – friends d) grave – a ship

40 Language is cultural arsenal which ...... the community and …….its entity
a) demolishes - spoils b) diversifies – strengthens
c) improves – changes d) builds – protects

41 A smiling face is a ....... face. A smiling heart is a …….heart

a) shiny – black b) beautiful – happy
c) repugnant – faithful d) sad – depressed

42 If we didn't get the enough …….., We would repeat ……… in other words
a) food - order b) medicine – description
c) answer – question d) question – answer

43 The wisest person in his area, who thinks that he has the …….. wisdom
than others
a) least b) best
c) most eloquent d) greatest

25
44 If a strong person faced ……. of fear, you will find him quiet, reassured
and........ to manage his issues
a) reasons – upset b) situations – afraid
c) gestures – unable d) reasons – versed

45 You learn a lot from life if you observe that ……… men don't fire-fighting
using………
a) security - water b) forest – planes
c) fire – fire d) fire – water

46 Technology is a ….... servant, but a ...... master

a) simple - slow b) useful – dangerous
c) useless – great d) magical – bad

47 If you........ With wise, his ……… will be yours

a) talk - love b) hangout – money
c) consult – ideas d) insult – patience

48 Technology is best when it…….. people together

a) brings b) separates
c) gets back d) generates

49 Art….... when words are unable to ...........

a) talks – be seen b) visualizes – correct
c) remains – remain d) speak – explain

50 Mistakes are unexpected……... experiences

a) failure b) learning
c) managed d) theoretical

51 Life can only be understood…….., but it must be lived ……….

a) By brain – by heart b) Slowly – quickly
c) Backward – forward d) Easily – hardly

26
Contextual error:
The question gives a sentence, and it contains a single word that contradicts the correct
context of the phrase. *The error here is limited to an error in logic and meaning.

Contextual Error

Contextual error is a question has a sentence, 4 words are underlined, one of

these 4 words is wrong (this word changes the meaning of the sentence). You
need to find out this word.

▸ Think about the meaning of the sentence, all words in the sentence lead to
one common meaning. EXCEPT one word which demolishes the meaning. If
you knew the meaning of the sentence, you would answer the question
immediately. So, contextual error answering depends on the meaning of the
sentence mainly. For instance (There are four ways of travel: on land, on air,
and on seas). The wrong word that you will choose it is (four) because there
are only three ways not four.

27
 Here are some examples of Contextual error questions:

1 Who lust for everything, he will win everything

a) Lust for b) Everything
c) Win d) Everything

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice. Why? Because the first half of the
sentence has no syntax or contextual error at all. Look at the second half, you
will find word (win) is in a wrong place. Because lusting for everything will
make you lose everything, not win. You cannot afford everything you wish.

2 The animal who didn't make a mistake he didn't try anything new
a) Animal b) Mistake
c) try d) new

Before answering, the meaning of this sentence is you will never learn,
because you didn't make a mistake, and you didn't make a mistake because
you didn't try something for the first time. Note that he said (Animal), not
person or human for example. Hence, the correct answer here is the 1st
choice.

3 Generosity is to give more than your ability, and repentance is to take

more than your needs.
a) Generosity b) Give
c) Repentance d) take

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice, because the first half of the
sentence is completely correct. But the other half has a wrong definition.
Repentance is to come back to God and regret for your sins. The word that has
the definition of taking more than your needs is (Greed).

28
 4 Being a turtle in a wrong way is better than being a deer in a wrong way
a) turtle b) wrong
c) Deer d) Way

Did you notice that there's a repeated word? Which is (Wrong). One of them
must not be in this sentence, look at the sentence again, you will notice that
only the first (wrong) word is under-lined. Hence, the correct answer is the 2nd
choice. Being a turtle (Slow animal) in a right way is better than being a deer
(Fast animal) in a wrong way.

5 The reckless driver usually abides the light signal, and causes accidents to
himself and to others.
a) reckless b) abides
c) accidents d) others

The correct answer here is the 2nd choice, because the (reckless) driver
doesn't abide neither light signal, nor traffic signs. Which will lead to
dangerous accidents to himself and to other drivers.

Now, let’s do some practice for contextual error questions:

1 Your body is the most comprehensive thing that you own, and the nearest
to you, you must treat it in a special way
a) comprehensive b) nearest
c) treat d) special

29
 2 The plane wouldn't land till it runs out of fuel before it arrives.
a) Land b) Runs out
c) fuel d) before

3 Not every fall is the end, rainfall is the most beautiful end
a) end b) rainfall
c) beautiful d) end

4 Wises say: easy to come, hard to go

a) easy b) come
c) hard d) go

5 Best morality is silence; you can talk with others with it so you will know
their flaws and hide yours
a) best b) morality
c) silence d) talk

6 Sheep live afraid of wolves, but it knows that their shepherd will eat them
a) afraid b) wolves
c) knows d) shepherd

7 Happiness is not by chance, but by force.

a) happiness b) not
c) chance d) force

8 Work is the bitterest life's fruit, and the truthful friend is the greatest gift in
your life path
a) work b) fruit
c) truthful d) gift

9 There are four characteristics for vices: generosity, justice, chivalry, and
charity.
a) four b) characteristics
c) vices d) chivalry
30
 10 The wise recommended his son to be kind without weakness, and weak
without violence
a) kind b) weakness
c) weak d) violence

11 Caffeine is a prohibited material and it's unique in bitterness, it is

available in coffee and tea.
a) caffeine b) prohibited
c) bitterness d) available

12 Lessons in life will be stopped until they are learned.

a) lessons b) life
c) stopped d) learned

13 The person who talks a lot, people will pay attention to him when he
talks.
a) talks b) a lot
c) people d) talks

14 If you have a friend helps you, then pull your hand to him, because losing
friends is hard.
a) friend b) pull
c) losing d) hard

15 If situations change, then you will ignore men's manners.

a) change b) ignore
c) men’s d) manners

16 The real means to let someone tricked: is to let him thinks that he is more
stupid than others.
a) real b) tricked
c) stupid d) others

31
 17 The strong purposefulness makes distances long.
a) strong b) purposefulness
c) distances d) long

18 The coward person might fight if he couldn't die.

a) coward b) fight
c) couldn’t d) die

19 The stupid person who speaks slowly and thinks quickly.

a) stupid b) slowly
c) thinks d) quickly

20 Who lights up other's candle, he will stay in darkness like him

a) lights up b) candle
c) stay d) like

21 Friendship is like a well, its deepness will decrease every time you take
from it.
a) friendship b) well
c) decrease d) take

22 You don't need to make all people happy, but you need to not love
anyone.
a) need b) happy
c) love d) anyone

23 Facts that we inherit to our sons is more dangerous than our enemies.
a) facts b) inherit
c) dangerous d) enemies

24 Lots of people know that they are depressed, but there are more people
don't know that they are sad.
a) lots b) people
c) depressed d) sad

32
 25 Victories and defeats are part of each person's life expect intelligent
persons, because they don't win, and they don't lose.
a) victories b) intelligent
c) win d) lose

26 When teenagers look at scientists and invertors in the same way of how
they look at musicians and actors, the civilization will go down into a high
level of development.
a) teenagers b) invertors
c) go down d) development

27 Do not save your money after economizing, but spend it after saving.
a) money b) economizing
c) spend d) after

28 Plato had been asked: why you don't criticize people for their faults? he
said: am I satisfied with myself to eulogize others?
a) criticize b) myself
c) eulogize d) others

29 Do not let appearances fool you, because the quietness of graves doesn’t
mean that all are in hell.
a) appearances b) quietness
c) all d) hell

30 The word is your prisoner, if it went out your mouth then it will be free.
a) word b) prisoner
c) mouth d) free

31 Its wrong to organize the life who are inside you, and leaving the mess in
your heart.
a) wrong b) organize
c) inside d) mess

33
 32 postponement is a great act, it's the poison of actions all the time.
a) postponement b) great
c) poison d) all the time

33 Do not just exist, follow your life.

a) not b) just
c) exist d) follow

34 Bad luck is the fabricated reason which lots of people use it to justify their
success.
a) fabricated b) lots
c) justify d) success

35 Poetry is an absent emotion or agitated idea, and flew into the form of
words and harmony.
a) poetry b) absent
c) agitated d) form

36 Who increased his knowledge, then he would think that he is the most
intelligent person.
a) increased b) knowledge
c) think d) most

37 The black market is a market for various trading processes which are
opposite to the minimum value.
a) black b) various
c) trading d) minimum

38 Although ignorance and violence are spreaded, we found that most

people became losers.
a) violence b) spreaded
c) most d) losers

39 Give up for your dreams, even if no one fought with you

a) give up b) dreams
c) no one d) fought
34
40 Advantages of self-talking to others is you will at least had someone
listening to you.
a) Self b) Others
c) Someone d) Listening

41 Be careful abounding personal requests to whom you know to make

them hate to meet you.
a) Careful b) Personal
c) Know d) Hate

42 The person who intended to win won't say: I can.

a) Intended b) Win
c) Say d) Can

43 Hiding tasks helps to finish the work, working independently and

complete it orderly helps to finish it too.
a) Hiding b) Helps
c) Independently d) Orderly

44 Satisfaction is a cup of dirty water, anything can make it rotten.

a) Satisfaction b) Cup
c) Dirty d) rotten

45 The sun rises and sets, but our hope in past has no limit sets
a) rises b) sets
c) past d) limit
46 Social media applications make the close person away, and make the
modern person close.
a) Close b) Away
c) Modern d) close

47 You cannot get the knowledge expect before learning how to think.
a) Knowledge b) Before
c) Learning d) Think

35
 48 A wisdom says: turtles have less experience in roads than rabbits.
a) Turtles b) Less
c) Roads d) rabbits

49 If someone betrayed you then it's his sin, but if he believed you one more
time, then it's your sin.
a) Betrayed b) His sin
c) Believed d) Your sin

50 If you want to establish an unknown future for your kids, then you must
teach them any profession so they wil not depend on anyone.
a) Establish b) Unknown
c) Profession d) Depend

51 Friendship is built on two things: respect & joy.

Nothing great was ever detected without making sacrifices.
a) Friendship b) Two
c) Respect d) joy

52 One of attributes of the unlettered: he is always satisfied with others.

a) Unlettered b) Always
c) Satisfied d) others

53 One of attributes of the unlettered: he is always satisfied with others.

a) Great b) Detected
c) Making d) Sacrifices

54 forget the mistake and remind the lesson.

a) Forget b) Mistake
c) Remind d) lesson

55 Nothing in the world can trouble you as much as your own skills.
a) World b) Trouble
c) Much d) Skills

36
Atypical Word:
The question will contain 4 different words: all the words have in common
relationship except one. The atypical word will be the answer.

Atypical Word

Atypical word is a question that contains only four words three of them have
the same relationship. Only one word is different. To answer this type of
questions correctly, you have to figure out the relationship between these
words and choose the irregular word.

37
 Here are some examples of Atypical word questions:

1 Jeddah, Dubai, Beirut, Aleppo

a) Jeddah b) Dubai
c) Beirut d) Aleppo

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice. Why? Because other choices are not
the Capital city. However, they are important cities. Expect Beirut is the Capital
of Lebanon.

2 Breakfast, Snack, Lunch, Dinner

a) Breakfast b) Snack
c) Lunch d) Dinner

The correct answer here is the 2nd choice. Because other choices are time of
eating in the day, but snack is light food that anyone might take any time in the
day.

3 Swim, Write, Buy, Work

a) Swim b) Write
c) Buy d) Work

The correct answer here is the 4th choice. Because other choice are irregular
verbs in the past. Except work, it's not an irregular verb (past of work is
worked).

4 Physics, Biology, Mathematics, Linguistic

a) Physics b) Biology
c) Mathematics d) Linguistic

The correct answer here is the 4th choice. Why? Because other choices are
scientific subjects. Except linguistic, it's a literary subject.
38
 5 Podcast, Rumor, Scandal, Chitchat
a) Podcast b) Rumor
c) Scandal d) Chitchat

Before answering this question, let us take each word and explain their
meaning. The first word, which is podcast, means having a session with any
person (usually with an expert person) to ask him about his knowledge and
taking advises from him. The second word, which is rumor, means telling
something did not happen and spread this rumor to others. The third word,
which is scandal, means reveal something bad or dangerous done by a person.
The fourth word, which is chitchat, means talking with someone in things that
are not important at all, just for wasting time. In conclusion, all these words
have the same function, which is talking and listening. But all of them are bad
ways of talking and spreading events. EXCEPT the first word, which is Podcast.
Listening to a podcast will increase your knowledge in the topic that was posed
in the podcast. Hence. The correct answer here is the 1st choice.

Now, let's do some practice for atypical word questions:

1 Laptop, Phone, TV, Oven

a) Laptop b) Phone
c) TV d) Oven

2 Italy, Japan, Mongolia, Brazil

a) Italy b) Japan
c) Mongolia d) Brazil

3 Walk, Run, Jump, Jog

a) Walk b) Run
c) Jump d) Jog

39
 4 Start, Conclusion, introduction, Proem
a) Start b) Conclusion
c) introduction d) Proem

5 Analyze, Memorize, Infer, Understand

a) Analyze b) Memorize
c) Infer d) Understand

6 Sip, Drink, Quench, Thirst

a) Sip b) Drink
c) Quench d) Thirst

7 Glue, Wool, Silk, Musk

a) Glue b) Wool
c) Silk d) Musk

8 Eiffel tower, Pyramids, Petra, Nile

a) Eiffel tower b) Eiffel tower
c) Petra d) Nile

9 Tennis, Basketball, Ping Pong, Golf

a) Tennis b) Basketball
c) Ping Pong d) Golf

10 Shoe, Ball, Rope, Doll

a) Shoe b) Ball
c) Rope d) Doll

11 Ox, Horse, Kangaroo, Elephant

a) Ox b) Horse
c) Kangaroo d) Elephant

40
 12 Barn, Cottage, Hive, Den
a) Barn b) Cottage
c) Hive d) Den

13 Nail, Hummer, Pin, Needle

a) Nail b) Hummer
c) Pin d) Needle

14 Tree, Branch, Leaf, Fruit

a) Tree b) Branch
c) Leaf d) Fruit

15 Test, Exam, Grade, Quiz

a) Test b) Exam
c) Grade d) Quiz

16 Lettuce, Rocca, Cucumber, Carrot

a) Lettuce b) Rocca
c) Cucumber d) Carrot

17 Howling, Croak, Hissing, Roar

a) Howling b) Croak
c) Hissing d) Roar

18 Vice, Representative, Principal, Student

a) Vice b) Representative
c) Principal d) Student

19 Fats, Salts, Sugars, Proteins

a) Fats b) Salts
c) Sugars d) Proteins

41
 20 Winter, Cloudy, Clear, Rainy
a) Winter b) Cloudy
c) Clear d) Rainy

21 Pancreas, Intestines, Stomach, Mouth

a) Pancreas b) Intestines
c) Stomach d) Mouth

22 Teacher, Doctor, Poet, Tailor

a) Teacher b) Doctor
c) Poet d) Tailor

23 Rome , Berlin , Sydney, Warsaw

a) Rome b) Berlin
c) Sydney d) Warsaw

24 Cub, Chick, Kitten, Ostrich

a) Cub b) Chick
c) Kitten d) Ostrich

25 Netherland, Sweden, Croatia, Bolivia

a) Netherland b) Sweden
c) Croatia d) Bolivia

26 Red, Purple, Yellow, Orange

a) Red b) Purple
c) Yellow d) Orange

27 November, May, December, October

a) November b) May
c) December d) October

42
 28 Foot, Shoe, slipper, Boot
a) Foot b) Shoe
c) slipper d) Boot

29 Whale, Cactus, Rat, Sponge

a) Whale b) Cactus
c) Rat d) Sponge

30 Paddle, Wind, Wave, Sail

a) Paddle b) Wind
c) Wave d) Sail

31 Failing, Passing away, Succussing, Betraying

a) Failing b) Passing
c) Succussing d) Betraying

32 Petroleum, Gasoline, Kerosene, Gas

a) Petroleum b) Gasoline
c) Kerosene d) Gas

33 Blacksmith, Mechanic, Carpenter, Veterinary

a) Blacksmith b) Mechanic
c) Carpenter d) Veterinary

34 Lion, Dog, Wolf, Tiger

a) Lion b) Dog
c) Wolf d) Tiger

35 Riyadh, Manama, Cairo, Damascus

a) Riyadh b) Manama
c) Cairo d) Damascus

43
 36 Height, Width, Length, Mass
a) Height b) Width
c) Length d) Mass

37 Lungs, Ears, Heart, Kidney

a) Lungs b) Ears
c) Heart d) Kidney

38 11, 22, 44, 99

a) 11 b) 22
c) 44 d) 99

39 Ruler, Protractor, Scriber, Bag

a) Ruler b) Protector
c) Scriber d) Bag

40 Mathematics, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil

a) mathematics b) electrical
c) mechanical d) civil

44
Reading Comprehension:
Reading comprehension means understanding and analyzing the essay.

• Leave it to the end of the section.

• In long passages, read the questions first.
• Don’t answer the question based on your personal knowledge, always double
check from the paragraph.
• Learn to skim and scan.
• The first and last sentences contains the main idea of the paragraph. The first
and last paragraphs contains the main idea of the passage.
• When you are looking for the answer don’t read only the sentence that
contains the key word instead, read a sentence before and after.
e.g., “Ahmad stole the money” Amal said that, and she was laying.

the main theme or the central idea Questions:

• Make it the last question to answer in the passage.

• The first and last sentences contain the main idea of the paragraph. The first
and last paragraphs contains the main idea of the passage.
• Most of the choices will be
A) more generalized choice B) Partially correct choice
C) far wrong option D) Correct option

45
Pronouns:

A pronoun is used in the place of a noun (As a substitute).

Example1: The zookeeper says: “It was quite funny really. The white tigers were so
scared of other live animals. They wouldn’t go near them.”

They refer to:

A) The zookeeper B) The other animals

C) The zoo visitors D) The white tigers.

Questions related to time:

Centuries:

1st century: from 0 to 99

2nd century: from 100 to 199

Century = 100 years
Century = the hundreds &
Its half = 50 years thousands values + 1
Its quarter = 25 year
19th century: from 1800 to 1899

20th century: from 1900 to 1999

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Decades:

1st decade: from 0 to 9

2nd decade: from 10 to 19

Decade = 10 years

Its half = 5 years Decade = the tens values + 1

Its quarter = 2,5 year

9th decade: from 80 to 89

46
 10th decade: from 90 to 99

e.g., 1864: the 7th decade of the 19th century

e.g., 1939: The end of the 4th decade of the 20th century.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20s (Twenties era): 1920 –1929

30s (Thirties era): 1930-1939

70s (Seventies era): 1970-1979

General information:
It may help you in the verbal part

Male, females and young Animals”

Animal Male Female Young
Bear Boar Sow Cub
Cat Tom Queen Kitten
Cattle Bull Cow Calf
Chicken Rooster Hen Chick
Deer Buck Doe Fawn
Duck Drake Duck or Hen Duckling
Elephant Bull Cow Calf
Fox Dog fox or a tod Vixen Pups or Cubs
Goose Gander Goose Gosling
Horse Stallion Mare/Filly Foal
Lion Lion Lioness Cub
Rabbit Buck Doe Bunny
Sheep Ram Ewe Lamb
Swan Cob Pen Cygnet
Swine or Pig Boar Sow Piglet
Tiger Tiger Tigress Cub
Whale Bull Cow Calf
Ant Drone Gyne Queen Worker Lava
Bee Drone Worker bees & larvae
Queen
Alligator Alligator cow hatchling

47
48
Animals and their Homes
Here is a list of some common animals with the name of their homes:

Ant Hill Bear Den Bee Hive

Bird Nest Cattle Barn Chicken Coop
Dog Kennel Horse Stable Lion Den
Spider Web Tiger Lair Rabbit Burrow

49
50
Sounds of Animals

51
Human body names:

Seven Continents of the World:

52
Map of the world's political countries:

Map of the Islamic world countries:

53
Map of the Arab world countries:

Map of the Arabian Peninsula and the Kingdom's regions and waters

54
Capitals and Currencies of Arab countries
Arabic Countries in Asia
Country Capital Currency
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound
Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti dinar
Qatar Doha Qatari riyal
Syria Damascus Syrian pound
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi dinar
Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar
Oman Muscat Omani riyal
Yemen Sana'a Yemeni riyal
Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi riyal
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi UAE dirham

Arabic Countries in Africa

Country Capital Currency
Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound
Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar
Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar
Djibouti Djibouti Djiboutian franc
Mauritania Nouakchott Mauritanian ouguiya
Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar
Comoros Moroni Comorian franc
Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound
Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham

Primary colors: Red, Blue and Yellow

Secondary colors:

1) Green = Blue+ Yellow

2) Orange = Red+ Yellow

3) Purple = Red+ Blue

White: complete mixture of all the wavelengths of the visible spectrum.

Black: It is formed as a result of the lack of reflection of light towards our eyes.

55
 Reading comprehension

 The student is expected to understand and interpret reading passages in

the reading comprehension section by answering the questions given.

 Reading comprehension includes attention and the ability to find the

answer inside the passage. You need to practice and Overcome reading
comprehension problems as much as you can to be able to find the
answer easily and efficiently.

Techniques to solve reading comprehension questions:

1. Do not read the whole text, because you would waste your time. Instead,
skim into the text and try to find out the main idea of the passage.

2. Focus in each paragraph on the first and last sentences, since generally
this sentence is the main concept of the passage.

3. If you think you found the correct answer, read all the options do not
hurry to answer because the remaining answer might be better.

4. Do not spend a lot of time in one question because you will waste your
time for the remaining questions.

5. If you have time, review your answers because sometimes reading

comprehension questions are tricky.

6. It is your choice is to skim through the passage or going to the questions

immediately. But remember if you went do the questions immediately
you will not be able to answer summary questions such as the most
suitable title. Hence, skimming is the-----technique to solve reading
comprehension questions.

56
 Here is an example of Reading comprehension passage
and its questions:

Sun & moon eclipses are a celestial dimming that occurs when the shadow of a
celestial body falls on another offense, or when an offense moves in front of
another, then the brightness of its light disappears.

1 How many reasons are mentioned in the passage?

a) one reason b) two reasons
c) three reasons d) four reasons

The correct answer here is the 2nd choice. Why? Because the passage
mentioned only these two reasons which are: first: occurs when the shadow of
a celestial body falls on another offense, second: when an offense moves in
front of another.

2 Which word could be deleted without affecting the meaning of the

sentence?
a) offense b) shadow
c) brightness d) dimming

The correct answer here is the 3rd choice because it's the only word repeated
twice in different synonyms (brightness and light). So, you can write: (then the
light disappears) without changing the meaning of the sentence.

3 The closest word for (celestial body) is:

a) meteor b) shooting star
c) planet d) star

The correct answer here is the 3d choice because it said that it has a shadow,
the planet is the ONLY body that has a shadow between other choices.

4 Word (dimming) in sentence (celestial dimming)means:

a) Darkness b) lightness
c) brightness d) heat

57
 The correct answer here is the 1st choice. Why? According to Cambridge
dictionary, dimming word means not giving or having light. Hence, darkness
word is the appropriate choice for this question.

5 The most appropriate title for the passage is:

a) dimming of celestial bodies b) disappearing of light
c) light vs dark in the sky d) eclipses

Before answering this question, we need to understand and conclude the

objective of the passage. After reading the passage above, we will notice that
the first 3 words are (Sun & moon eclipses). Then, you will read the reasons of
why eclipse happens. The passage talks about sun and moon eclipses mainly,
neither disappearing of lights nor light VS dark. Hence, the correct answer here
is the 4th choice.

Now, let's do some practice for reading comprehension questions:

First Passage:

Fungi are relatively invisible bacteria unable to walk, and do not have legs like
animals, and cannot make their own food, but it is important in the
environment as well as bacteria, parasites and tiny animals in any society, fungi
are not animals or plants, Plants are able to produce food from representation
the photosynthetic energy that they capture from the light energy, and store
this energy into molecules such as: carbohydrates, as for fungi and animals,
they depend on living organisms, and animals digest their food from the inside.
Meanwhile fungi digest their food from the outside.

58
 Answer these questions related to the passage above

1 Fungi are unable to walk, and do not have legs like animals, and cannot
make their own food, so it's
a) : unique/ independent type b) from insects, not plants
c) from plants, not insects d) from insects, neither plants
nor animals
2 One of Fungi's advantages is:
a) die quickly under any harsh b) adapted under very harsh
medium conditions
c) can make its own food d) can walk

3 Where does the digest process happen in Animals and Fungi?

a) both digest from inside b) both digest from outside
c) Animals digest outside but d) Animals digest inside but Fungi
Fungi inside outside

Second Passage

1. The Arabs were in the pre-Islamic era and the beginning of Islam era
practice medicine on a large scale, mixing their experiences with those
of their neighbors from other cultures, and medicine was an expression
of traditional inherited practices regarding health and diseases that are
used to cure princes such as the curing by herbs, by moxibustion, and by
cupping.

2. Medicine flourished greatly among the Arabs in the Abbasid era, and the
number of doctors increased in an amazing way. Many Non-Muslim
doctors became famous among the other doctors such as Jarjis Ibn
Bakhtushu, who was brought by Abu Jaafar al-Mansur to Baghdad
because he became ill, and he succeeded in healing. He transmitted
many Greek books between his hands, and every medical book that Al-
Mansour admired was translated for him, he wrote a book in medicine
called (Gnash), translated into Arabic by Hanin lbn Ishaq, and during the
reign of al-Mansur, the number of doctors increased the profession of
medicine was a paradigm shift.
59
3. The impact of the scientific translation movement was not limited to
enriching libraries and schools with the bulk of the her ----- or the
ancients, but the influence appeared an image was more important than
that, it is an understanding of the old, and moving forward in a rapid
step into a new era in medical synthesis. The authorization reached its
peak in quantity and quality, thanks to a large number of prominent
people in the medical sciences who were distinguished by their prolific
production, their innovations, and their approach and thinking.
 After all these achievements, medicine has been able to receive the
height of glory. We will suffice by stating the parable between Four most
famous works of Muslim doctors are: (Galen the Arab Abu Bakr Al-Razi),
and (the dean of Arab surgery Abu AI-Qasim Al-Zahrawi), and (Abin
Sina), known as Sheikh Al-Rais, and the master of his time in medicine
(lbn Al-Nafis) and (lbn Al-Jazzar Al-Fairawany). These Four pioneers'
doctors provided, along with others, great services for human civilization
whose value exemplifies in their writings the value that has attained by
Europe in the middle centuries, and most of them were studying in
European universities until a recent period.

Answer these questions related to the passage above

4 Word (him) in (translated for him) in the 2nd paragraph related to

a) Al-Mansour b) Abbasid era
c) Medicine d) Galen

5 Word (prominent) in the 3rd paragraph means:

a) Bunchy b) Discordant
c) Distinguished d) Faulty

6 In the Abbasid era, the interest was in ……. In Al-Mansour khalifate.

a) building hospitals b) decreasing pains
c) qualifying doctors d) lowering medication level

60
 7 Word (enriching) in the 3rd paragraph means:
a) translating b) expanding knowledge via
reading books
c) analyzing theories d) removing books

8 We can conclude from the 1st paragraph that:

a) Arabs took their knowledge b) Development of Medicine
from west
c) Arabs contributed to d) West took their knowledge
developing Medicine from Arabs

9 Which one is not correct related to the 1st paragraph?

a) Arabs knew medicine recently b) Arabs knew medicine from the
pre-Islamic era
c) Arabs used harps for healing d) none of mentioned

10 The meaning of (Translating) in the 2nd paragraph is:

a) translating from Persian to b) translating from Greek to
Greek Persian
c) translating from Arabic to non- d) translating from non-Arabic to
Arabic Arabic

11 The most appropriate title for the above paragraph:

a) Surgery b) development of Medicine in
Abbasid era
c) West influence on the Arab's d) an overview of Medicine for
Medicine Arabs

61
 Third Passage:

1. Airbus says it has turned the corner after a crisis connected to

production problems and turmoil in the boardroom at its A380 Super-
jumbo project that has gone on for the past year. Speaking at the Paris
air show, Louis Gallois, CEO of the European plane maker, said, "Airbus is
back." Airbus, which announced a raft of orders on the first day of the
show, is competing with Boeing, its American rival, for the title of the
largest plane maker in the world.

2. Boeing is expected to reveal the numbers of orders for its 787

Dreamliner soon. Airbus orders unveiled on Monday included Qatar
Airways confirming a $16bn order for 80 A350 Airbus planes and
ordering three A380 super-jumbos for about $750m.

3. Boeing and Airbus are also competing for orders from aircraft leasing
firms. Orders from these companies who rank highly among the biggest
global buyers of aircraft are often regarded as an indication of how
successful a model will be in the long term. Airbus also secured orders
from US Airways that are worth $10bn for 22 of its A350 jets, 60 A320s
and ten of its A330-200 wide-body planes.

4. A few months ago, Airbus unveiled a major cost-cutting program aiming

to reduce the workforce in Europe by 10,000, as well as announcing a
group restructuring. "I can tell you with full confidence that Airbus is
back and fully back, as you have started noting yesterday as
demonstrated by our first day announcements," said Mr. Gallois on the
second day of the air show.

5. However, Boeing also announced a deal with General Electric (CE) on the
show's first day. GE's commercial aviation services placed an order for
six 777 Boeing freighters valued at around $1.4bn, to be delivered in the
last quarter of 2008. A Wall Street Journal website report, quoting the
Delta operating chief yesterday said that Delta Air Lines were on the
verge of ordering as many as 125 Boeing 787 jetliners by the end of this
year. However, a spokesman for Delta later said that it had been having
conversations "with several aircraft makers" and that "no final decision
had been made on future fleet purchases.
62
 Answer these questions related to the passage above

12 The problems at Airbus:

a) have been resolved completely b) are well on their way to being
stored out
c) are far from resolved d) under processing

13 Airbus announced that:

a) many orders on the first day of b) some orders on the first day of
the show the show
c) few orders on the first day of d) none orders on the first day of
the show the show

14 Qatar Airways ordered:

a) 83 planes on Monday b) 80 planes on Monday
c) 3 planes on Monday d) 38 planes on Monday

15 US Airways:
a) placed an order for the new b) didn't place an order for the
super-jumbo new super-jumbo.
c) may have placed an order for d) none of mentioned
the new super-jumbo.

16 Boeing:

a) announced sales of the b) may sell some Dreamliner’s to

Dreamliner. General Electric.
c) may sell some Dreamliner’s to d) may sell some Dreamliner’s to
British Air Lines Delta Air Lines.

63
 17 The wall street journal website report:
a) was definitely correct b) was possibly correct
c) was definitely wrong d) was possibly wrong

18 The most appropriate title for this passage is:

a) Airplanes market b) crisis of planes
c) planes competitors d) Airbus crisis over

Fourth Passage

Hair is a very complex material, studies and research have not shown its
structure until recently. It consists of fibers composed of proteins called:
(KERATINS), hair color depends on a tint called: Melanin, which is produced in
a special cell called Melanin, which produced by special cells called
Melanosaites. The hair starts to lose its color when the melanosaites cease to
function in old age, or the loss of a natural melaosaites cells because of shock
or psychological or neurological pressure, and there are many documents that
confirm that some people lost their hair color overnight.

Answer these questions related to the passage above

19 From the passage, hair's structure is:

a) complex fibers b) many elements
c) Keratins d) Melanosaites cells

20 The reason that makes Melanosaites cells weak is:

a) Insomnia b) failing
c) psychological crises d) organic disease

21 Keratins element related with its:

a) components b) Dye
c) density d) color

64
 22 Weakness of Melanosaites cells causes to:
a) hair breaking b) hair freezing
c) hair lose d) hair color disappearing

23 Hair color depends on:

a) special cells b) psychological health
c) Keratins d) Melanin

24 Melanin produces in:

a) Keratins b) Melanosaites cells
c) Proteins d) Melanin dye

25 It is understood from the passage that the hair component is:

a) very complex b) protean
c) simple d) soft

26 Words (Complex fibers) and (Keratins) indicate that they are:

a) different components b) complex components
c) same components d) complementary Components

Fifth Passase:

1. Borrowers and lenders in the sub-prime mortgage market are wishing

they had listened to the old saying: neither a borrower nor a lender be.
Last year people with poor credit ratings borrowed $605 billion in
mortgages, a figure that is about 20% of the home-loan market. It
includes people who cannot afford to meet the mortgage payments on
expensive homes they have bought, and low-income buyers. In some
cases, the latter could not even meet the first payment. Lenders include
banks like HSBC, which may have lost almost $7 billion.

2. Both sides can be blamed. Lenders, after the 2-3 percentage point
premium they could charge, offered loans, known as liar loans, with no
down payments and without any income verification to people with bad
credit histories. They believed that rising house prices would cover them
65
 in the event of default. Borrowers ignored the fact that interest rates
would rise after an initial period.

3. One result is that default rates on these sub-prime mortgages reached

14% last year- a record. The problems in this market also threaten to
spread to the rest of the mortgage market, which would reduce the flow
of credit available to the shrinking numbers of consumers still interested
in buying property.

4. So, the housing market will remain weak; borrowers with weak credit
histories will find the credit window closed; people with adjustable-rate
mortgages will have to spend less so they can meet their increased
payments; tighter lending standards and falling home prices will reduce
consumers' ability to tap the equity in their homes.

5. But if the labor market remains strong, which it has done despite job
losses in housing-related industries, and as long as real incomes continue
to go up, consumers might complain, but they are unlikely to go on a
buyers' strike on a scale that will make this slowdown become a
recession. Therefore, we should not be too worried, but at the same
time, we should be a bit cautious and watch closely how things develop.

Answer these questions related to the passage above

27 Sub-prime mortgage loans were offered:

a) only to low-income families b) to people who wanted to buy
very expensive houses
c) to people with poor credit d) to people who wanted to work
histories in libraries

28 Who believed that rising house prices would cover them in the event of a
default?
a) Borrowers b) Lenders
c) Both d) Neither

66
 29 Borrowers have been caught out because:
a) they lied when applying for the b) house prices have risen
loan
c) interest rates decreased after d) interest rates rise after a while
a while

30 According to the passage, people with adjustable-rate mortgages:

a) will not be able to get credit b) will have to economize
c) must normalize d) have weak credit histories

31 The housing market problems:

a) could easily tip the country in b) will cause a buyers' strike
recession
c) won't cause a buyers' strike d) are unlikely to tip the country
into recession

32 The writer is:

a) a bit concerned about the b) very worried about the
housing market housing market
c) not worried about the housing d) not concerned about the
market housing market at all

33 The most appropriate title for this passage is:

a) borrower's and lender's b) most dangerous situations of
priorities borrowing and lending
c) Neither a borrower nor a d) housing market problems
lender be

67