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ppt2 - Student

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DUSHYANT YADAV
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6 views23 pages

ppt2 - Student

Uploaded by

DUSHYANT YADAV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATERIAL SELECTION IN

MACHINE DESIGN
NEED FOR CHART
𝐸
= C1
ρ

E
𝐹.𝐿1
Deflection δ= 𝐸
𝐴.𝐸
= C1
ρ
Mass m= 𝐴. 𝐿. ρ
Linear in E vs ρ graph ρ
F
𝐸 1/2
= C2
ρ

Non- Linear in E vs ρ graph 𝐸1/2


𝐹.𝐿3
Deflection δ= 3.𝐸.𝐼
𝐸 1/2
= C2
Mass m= 𝐴. 𝐿. ρ ρ

HOW TO GENERALIZE THE GRAPH ?? ρ


ASHBY CHART

▪ Contains all material information


related to their physical properties.

▪ Helps to select optimum material


according to design parameters.

▪ Relatable to all type of loading


conditions and situations.

▪ Easy to use and have predefined


guidelines for minimum mass design,
etc.
DIFFERENT PROPERTRY CHARTS
DIFFERENT PROPERTRY CHARTS Cont.
STIFNESS AND LIGHTNESS
OBJECTIVES
• Selection of material which has sufficient rigidity
a to withstand the applied transverse force
• Minimize the weight of the overall beam

4.𝐹.𝐿5 ρ
m= sqrt . …………4
δ 𝐸

𝐸
𝐹.𝐿3
Deflection δ=
3.𝐸.𝐼
…………1 ρ =C … … … … 5

𝑎4 logE = 2logC+2log ρ … … … … 6
MOI I = 12
…………2

Mass m= 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 . 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ρ


• is the material index which is to be minimized
= (𝑎2 .L) . ρ … … … … 3 𝐸
𝐸
• ρ is the performance index which is to be maximized
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PERFORMANCE
INDEX
• Log C being the y intercept varies which
depends upon constraint variables.
𝐸
• ρ is being maximised, shaded region 𝐸
outwards. ρ
• Material falling in the shaded region are suited
but have different Young's modulus.
Log E
Lightness index > >
Stiffness index > >

Material Density(g/c Young’s Shear Performance


m^3) modulus modulus Index
(GPa) (GPa)
Steel 200 7.8 79.3 1.81
Log C
Wood 16 0.8 4 5
Concrete 50 2.8 21 2.53
Aluminium 69 2.7 25.5 3.08
CFRP 200 1.6 22.43 8.84

Log ρ
SELECTION FROM (E vs ρ) CHART

𝐸 1/3
• Plates
ρ
𝐸
• Rotation of disc/ Tie rods
ρ
𝐸 1/2
• Beam and shaft design
ρ
SELECTION FROM (E vs ρ) CHART cont.
STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS
OBJECTIVES
• Selection of material which has sufficient strength
to withstand the applied transverse force

• Minimize the weight of the overall beam


Bending strength due to transverse load

…………7

σ F.L
= 4 …………8 ρ
𝑎/2 𝑎 /12 • 2/3 is the material index which is to be minimized
σ𝑓
6.F.L 6.F.L 1/3
…………9 σ𝑓 2/3
σ= ; a= • ρ is the performance index which is to be maximized
𝑎3 σ

Mass m= 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 . 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦


6.F.L 2/3
=( σ .L) . ρ … … … … 10
2/3 ρ … … … … 11
m= 6.F.L .L . σ 2/3
2/3
σ𝑓 2/3 … … … … 12 σ𝑓
ρ =C Log E ρ
Log σ𝑓 = 1.5 Log C + 1.5 Log ρ … … … … 13
SELECTION FROM (σ𝑓 vs ρ) CHART σ𝑓
2/3

OBSERVATIONS
• If strength requirement is low lead
alloys are optimum
• If strength requirement is high CRPF
composites are best which are used in
aerospace, super-structures,
automotive etc.

σ𝑓 2/3
ρ Beam and shaft design
σ𝑓 1
Rotation of disc/ Tie rod
ρ
σ𝑓 1/2
Plates
ρ
STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS
… … … … 14

σ E
= … … … … 15
𝑦 𝑅
BENT WIRE
E
Ci = σ

ϴ R

Y=R+t/2; t=thickness of the wire


R= radius of curvature
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND STIFFNESS
Griffith equation for brittle materials

2𝐸ϒ𝑠 … … … … 16
𝐾1𝐶 =
𝜋𝑎

𝑜𝑟 𝐾1𝐶 =𝛽 𝜎𝑡. 𝜋𝑐 … … … … 16

K_1C 2
Ci = E
STRENGTH AND SERVICE TEMPERATURE (Durability)
MATERIAL SELECTION FOR TRIBOLOGICAL
APPLICATION
COST ESTIMATION OF SELECTED MATERIALS
MATERIAL SELECTION FOR OARS

… … … … 17
NUMERICALS
1. A bar of length 30 cm is under 100 KN tensile load. The bar is expected to be strong and light bar, with the maximum
allowable mass=3kg.
Use ASHBY charts provided.

0.3 m
100 KN
(0, log(80. e^6))

(0,4)/(0,-2)

(0, 0) (log(8000), 0)
NUMERICALS
2. Which material is best suited in designing a simply supported beam with a hanging load at center as shown in the figure
having circular cross section. Neglect self weight of bar during deflection formulation.

Use Ashby chart and draw your conclusions.

Allowable deflection 2mm.

The weight of the bar is limited to 20 N.

Use ASHBY charts provided.

a) Design it against optimum stiffness if the diameter should not exceed 12.22 mm.
b) Design it against optimum strength if allowable weight is 0.5732 N and diameter should not exceed 20.688 mm.

1.7384 m

2N
DENSITY -10
YOUNGS MODULUS -100
SLOPE- 2 in log scale

logC= 1.5

3
(0, 0)
(0, log(80. e^6))

log c=2
3

(0, 0) (log(8000), 0)

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