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19 views3 pages

CN 7

Uploaded by

aizarasool0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Aiza Rasool

Roll no: 2225165083


Dept.: BS SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING
Submitted To: Miss Areej

Assignment

Configure a network with Ethernet and demonstrate MAC addressing.


Following are the steps to configure a simple Ethernet network and demonstrate MAC
addressing:

Step 1: Setting up an Ethernet Network

An Ethernet network consists of computers (or devices) connected via Ethernet cables to a
switch or a router. Each device in the network needs a Network Interface Card (NIC), which
has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address.

Basic Configuration Components:

 Devices (PCs, Laptops, etc.): All devices must have a NIC.


 Switch or Router: A switch/router is used to interconnect the devices.
 Ethernet Cables: Connect devices to the switch/router using Ethernet cables (CAT5, CAT6,
etc.).

Step 2: Understanding MAC Addresses

A MAC address is a 48-bit (6-byte) hardware address that uniquely identifies a device on a
network. It is usually represented in hexadecimal,

for example: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E

The MAC address is used for communication within a network segment (Layer 2 of the OSI
model). Each device listens to all network traffic but only processes frames addressed to its
own MAC address.

Step 3: Configure Network


Example: using two computers connected via a switch

1. Connect the Computers to the Switch:


o Use Ethernet cables to connect each computer to the switch.

2. Configure IP Addresses (Optional):


o On each computer, configure static IP addresses for communication. For instance:
 Computer 1: IP address 192.168.1.2, subnet mask 255.255.255.0
 Computer 2: IP address 192.168.1.3, subnet mask 255.255.255.0
o If connected to a router with DHCP enabled, this step can be skipped as IP addresses
will be automatically assigned.

3. Verify MAC Addresses:


o Each NIC has a MAC address. You can check the MAC address on each system:
 Windows: Open Command Prompt and type ipconfig /all. Look for the
"Physical Address" field.
 Linux/MacOS: Open Terminal and type ifconfig or ip a. Look for "HWaddr"
or "ether" field.
Step 4: Demonstrating MAC Addressing
Scenario: Computer 1 sends data to Computer 2

1. Data Encapsulation:
o Computer 1 creates a data packet with the destination IP address 192.168.1.3
(Computer 2).
o The Ethernet layer adds a frame header with Computer 1's MAC address as the
source and Computer 2's MAC address as the destination.

2. Sending the Frame:


o The frame is sent from Computer 1's NIC to the switch. The switch examines the
frame's destination MAC address.
o The switch looks up its MAC address table to find which port is associated with the
destination MAC address.

3. Forwarding the Frame:


o If the switch finds Computer 2's MAC address in its table, it forwards the frame to the
corresponding port.
o Computer 2 receives the frame, recognizes its MAC address, and processes the data.

Practical Example:

 Computer 1 has MAC address 00:11:22:33:44:55


 Computer 2 has MAC address 66:77:88:99:AA:BB

Computer 1 sends a message to Computer 2. The Ethernet frame will look like this:

Destination MAC: 66:77:88:99:AA:BB


Source MAC: 00:11:22:33:44:55
Payload: [Data]

The switch uses MAC addresses to ensure the message reaches the correct device.This setup
can be tested in a lab environment using physical devices or simulated in virtual
environments like Cisco Packet Tracer or GNS3.

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