Creative Non-Fiction - Dialogue can be made up.

- Events can be made up.

Four Major Literary Genres - Plot can be made up along the way.

1. Poetry Creative Nonfiction

– Emphasis on image or feeling -Characters are real people.
- Organized through stanzas and lines. -The personalities of the characters are
2. Drama as they are in real life.
- Meant to be performed to an audience -Dialogue is a verbatim or recreated to
- Organized by Acts and scenes. the best of the author’s ability.
3. Fiction -Events truly happened.
- Created from the imagination -Written as accurately as
- May be inspired by real events or possible.
people, but not chained by the
constraints of reality. Reasons for writing Creative
4. Creative Nonfiction Nonfiction
- True not fabricated 1. You want to write a family history or
- not from the imagination a journal for future
- Organized through paragraphs and generations.
sentences. 2. You want to share exciting,
painful, or extraordinary
Creative Non-Fiction experiences.
- It is a genre of writing that utilizes 3. You just had a profound
the elements and styles of writing realization or insight about an
fiction to artistically express, important subject.
inform, and persuade others 4. You have survived a difficult
about facts and true-life accounts. childhood or adulthood.
- It is a literature of fact which are 5. You want to preserve your
often written in essay format. feelings and emotions about an
experience.
Examples: biographies, articles from a 6. You want to give hope or
textbooks, newspapers, and magazine. inspiration to other people.

MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE Literary Elements

- 16" century French writer
- Coined the term “essais” to write Plot – the arrangement of events that
about himself introspectively. form the story.
Scene – a dramatic presentation of
LEE GUTKIND events which involves good description,
- Godfather of Creative Non-Fiction character, and dialogue.
- “[Creative nonfiction] allows a Character – a person who is
writer to employ the diligence of a responsible for the thoughts and actions
reporter, the shifting voices and within a story.
viewpoints of a novelist, the Characterization – presents a
refined wordplay of a poet, and character through description, action,
the analytical modes of the speech or thoughts, directly or
essayist.” indirectly revealed.
Point of view – the perspective from
Fiction VS Creative Nonfiction which the reader sees or hears what’s
going on in the text as provided by a
Fiction “lens” through which a narrative is told.
- Characters are based on real people. Angle – involves the scope and focus
- Character personalities are a on writing about real events.
combination of qualities.
Setting – the geographic location and Imagery - It is a descriptive language
time/period in which a story takes used to appeal to a reader’s senses:
place. touch, taste, smell, sound, and sight.
Captures a reader’s attention by
Atmosphere – an element of literature engaging them mentally, physically,
that concerns the tone, emotion or and emotionally.
mood created by a literary text based 1. Tactile Imagery
on the details of the description and - This form of imagery appeals to the
narration. reader’s sense of touch by describing
Theme – the central topic, message, or something the speaker or character
an abstract idea or ideas explored by a feels on his/her body.
literary work. - temperatures, textures, and other
physical sensations.
Literary Techniques
2. Gustatory Imagery
Figures of Speech - a word or phrase - It appeals to the reader’s sense of
that departs from literal language to taste. - It refers to descriptions related
express comparison, add emphasis or to the sensations commonly
clarity or make the writing more experienced by the mouth and its parts
interesting with the addition of color or like tongue, teeth,
freshness. throat, gums, etc.

1. SIMILE 3. Olfactory Imagery

- Explicitly states a comparison, where - It appeals to the reader’s sense of
phrases such as like, as, such as, and smell by describing something the
seems are used to show some similarity character inhales.

2. HYPERBOLE 4. Auditory Imagery

- It makes an implicit, implied, or hidden - Appeals to the reader’s sense of
comparison between two things that hearing or sound which may be
are pleasant sounds, harsh noises, or
unrelated, but which share some silence. It may also use a sound device
common characteristics. like onomatopoeia, or words that
imitate sounds.
3. PERSONIFICATION
- A thing – an idea or an animal – is 5. Visual Imagery
given - Appeals to the reader’s sense of sight
Human attributes. by describing what the character or
speaker sees like colors, brightness,
4. HYPERBOLE shapes, sizes, patterns and/or condition.
- Derived from a Greek word meaning
“over-casting,” it involves an 6. Synesthetic Imagery
exaggeration of ideas for the sake of - ideas, characters, or places in such a
emphasis. manner that they appeal to more than
one sense, like hearing, sight, smell,
5. OXYMORON and touch at a given time.
- Two opposite ideas are joined to
create an effect. Dialogue - Introduces the point of view
of characters within the narrative and
6. IRONY can be used to develop characters,
- Words are used in such a way that introduce information, and to move the
their intended meaning is different from plot forward. Allows the writer to pause
the Actual meaning of the words. in their third-person description of
a story’s action, characters, or
setting. Diction – It is selection of words in a
literary work.
Symbol - can be a word, object, action, - Formal Diction: formal words are
character, or concept that embodies used in formal situations, such as press
and conferences, presentations, etc.
evokes a range of additional meaning - Informal Diction: uses informal
and significance. A symbol is anything words and conversation, such as writing
that hints at something abstract such or talking to friends.
as an idea or belief. - Colloquial Diction: uses words
A literary symbol is an object, a common in everyday speech, which
person, a situation, or an action that may be different in different regions or
has a literal communities.
meaning in a story but suggest or - Slang Diction: use of words that are
represents other meanings. newly coined, or even impolite
Lesson 2
PARALLELISM - It is a literary
technique in which parts of the Writing
sentence are grammatically the same, - It is a process of using symbols
or are similar in construction. Makes the (letters of the alphabet,
idea easier for the readers to process punctuation and spaces) to
because they sense a pattern and know communicate thoughts and ideas
what to expect. in a readable form
- “Process-oriented skill”
Foreshadowing – It is a literary
technique used to give an indication or 3 WRITING STAGES
hint of what is to come later in the a. Pre-writing stage – it is the
story. preliminary or preparatory phase in
which the writer explores and select
Flashback – It is a literary technique possible topics, subjects, and themes.
that moves an audience from the
present moment in a chronological I. Topic Selection: writers will
narrative to a choose a topic of what he would like to
scene in the past. It is abrupt write about.
interjection that further explain a II. Brainstorming: helps writers
story or character through background generate more ideas before beginning
information and memories. to write about a topic; can also help to
reduce writing anxiety and focus
Flash-forward – It is a literary attention on the most relevant content
technique that moves ahead to the when writing.
future of the narrative. It reveals III. Outlining: ordered list of the
something significant about a main points which helps you define and
character, plot, setting or idea by organize your topic and subtopics
showing what is going to happen before IV. Researching: gathering
it has actually happened. information about the topic at hand

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning b. During writing stage – it is when

the writer put together all the
Inductive: presents facts and then brainstormed ideas, thus focusing on
wraps them up with a conclusion. the content rather than the structure.
Deductive: presents thesis statement I. Thesis Statement: sentence
and then provides supportive facts or that summarizes the main point or
examples. claim and is developed, supported and
explained in the text by means of
examples and evidences.
 II. Topic Sentence: a sentence Conclusion – States the generalization
that introduces a paragraph by or logic of the text
presenting that one topic that will be
the focus of that paragraph. Main Idea
- it is what you say about a topic
Thesis Statement – covers the - expressed as sentences
whole narrative. - not a single word or phrase, it is a
Topic Sentence – just shows the declarative sentence
focus of a specific paragraph. - details that you give about your topic
that will be discussed later on
c. Post-writing stage – it is the phase
wherein checking and correcting Thesis Statement
inconsistencies in content and - also called topic sentence
mechanics are done. - expresses the main idea of the
paragraph and defines the scope of the
I. Proofreading: text is carefully paragraph
examined to find and correct
typographical errors and mistakes in - can be located at the beginning, in the
grammar, style, and spelling. middle, or
II. Revising: the process in at the end of the paragraph
writing of rearranging, adding, or - claim of stand that you will develop in
removing paragraphs, sentences or your paper
words.
Topic Sentence
- it is the sentence in a paragraph that
Proofreading VS Revising contains the main idea
Proofreading– surface level scan - contains a topic and a controlling idea
/sentence-level changes. (limits or controls your topic to the one
Revising– substantive changes to a aspect that you want to write about)
written including content structure, -help us to link main idea to supporting
and/or organization. details

5 R’s of Creative Nonfiction Tips for Locating the Topic

1. Creative nonfiction uses real-life Sentence
elements. • Identify the topic. Figure out the
2. Creative nonfiction lets the writer to general subject of the entire paragraph.
engage on his personal reflection • Locate the most general sentence
about the subject. (the topic sentence). It covers all of the
3. Creative nonfiction instructs the other details in that paragraph.
author to do a complete research. • Study the rest of the paragraph. The
4. Reading. topic sentence must make the rest of
5. (W)riting imaginative true to life is the paragraph meaningful. It is the one
both a workmanship and specialty. idea that ties all of the other details
together.
TOPIC
- the subject, or what the text is about Supporting Sentence
- Not a sentence, can be expressed as a - a sentence with information that
noun or noun phrase supports a main idea or claim
- idea that is emphasized - explains the topic sentence
- gives the reader details to understand
Introduction -States the topic/ main a main idea, or evidence to show why a
idea claim is true or correct
Body – States the supporting details - will/may include one of the following
as their main parts: Descriptions or
details or process, Facts/Opinion based and the chosen literary techniques
on facts and elements
- Did the reader understand the flow of
Lesson 3 the piece because of the literary
techniques and elements used?
Critique - Did the literary techniques and
- To analyze and evaluate a subject, elements enable the readers to
situation, literary work, etc. appreciate the piece?
- genre of academic writing that briefly - Did the combination of ideas and
summarizes and critically evaluates a literary techniques and elements help
written work the readers to go along and be hooked
with the flow of the piece?
Peer Critique
- the process of reviewing and providing Editing - helps to ensure that a
constructive criticism of each other’s document/text is free of grammatical,
works punctuation and spelling errors
- allows peers to identify mistakes and Revising - involves rearranging,
suggest improvements for papers or adding, or removing paragraphs,
essays sentences or words
1: Evaluating/critiquing based on
the clarity of idea
- tells if ideas are clearly presented
- focus on content and organization of
ideas
- ensure ideas are accurate, relevant,
and complete

1. Error in Content
2. Error in Form
• Verb form/tense
• Subject verb agreement
• Run-on sentences
•Comma splices
• Pronoun-antecedent (his/her,
not their)
• Parallelism
•Spelling
•Capitalization
•Punctuation

2: Evaluating/critiquing based on
appropriate choice/use of literary
techniques
- evaluate the correctness of the literary
techniques used such as the use of
figures of speech, imagery, dialogue,
symbolism, parallelism, foreshadowing,
flashback, flash forward, approach to
events such as deductive or inductive,
choices of word/diction, etc.

3: Evaluating/critiquing based on
effective combination of the ideas