ĐỘC LẠ VOCAB

3176 - 3200
Wretchedness /ˈretʃ.ɪd.nəs/ - the state of being unpleasant or of low
quality:
(n)
➔ He can't stand the wretchedness of life at
Tình trạng bất hạnh,
home.
khốn khổ.
➔ They were doomed to a life of wretchedness.
Similar: misery, destitution, poverty, woe, penury.
Opposite: wealth, richness, affluence, opulence,
prosperity.

Involve UK: /ɪnˈvɒlv/ - to include someone in something, or to

make them take part in or feel part of it; to
(v) US: /ɪnˈvɑːlv/
make someone interested in taking part in
something:
Tham gia,
➔ I prefer teaching methods that actively
làm cho hứng thú.
involve students in learning.
➔ A good teacher tries to involve children in
activities where they interact with each
other.
Similar: include, contain, encompass, entail, carry.
Opposite: prevent, exclude, leave, preclude,
prohibit.

Reiterate UK: /riˈɪt.(ə)r.eɪt/ - (formal) to say something again, once or

several times:
(v) US: /riˈɪt̬.ɚ.eɪt/
➔ The government has reiterated its refusal to
compromise with terrorists.
Làm lại.
➔ She reiterated that she had never seen him
before.
Similar: repeat, replicate, renew, reprise, duplicate.
Educe UK: /ɪˈdʒuːs/ - (formal) to obtain information; to develop
something or make it appear:
(v) US: /ɪˈduːs/
➔ The government is not relying on any
evidence educed from this process.
Thu thập, phát triển.
➔ Experience empowers students by educing
the power that they already possess.
Similar: elicit, evoke, inspire, raise, reveal.
Opposite: forget, ignore, disregard, pass, neglect.

Granule /ˈɡræn.juːl/ - a small piece like a grain of something:

➔ Coffee granules.
(n)
➔ Is there one granule of truth in that
Hạt nhỏ.
statement?
Similar: particle, speck, fleck, grain, molecule.
Opposite: slab, chunk, lump, quantity, volume.

Misdemeanor UK: /ˌmɪs.dɪˈmiː.nə(r)/ - (law) a crime considered to be one of the

less serious types of crime:
(n) US: /mɪs.dɪˈmiː.nɚ/
➔ He was charged with committing a
misdemeanor.
Tội nhẹ.
➔ A misdemeanor traffic violation.
Similar: crime, violation, trespass, misconduct,
criminality.
Opposite: innocence, blamelessness, virtue,
morality, impeccability.

Bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡw(ə)l/ - (adj) able to use two languages equally

well:
(adj/n)
➔ They are raising bilingual children.
Song ngữ.
➔ Canada is a bilingual country, with nearly
one-third of its population of French origin.
- (n) a person who speaks two languages
Người nói 2 thứ tiếng.
equally well:
➔ Studies show that bilinguals are better at
problem-solving.
➔ These versatile bilinguals are highly
significant for the future of the English
language.
Celerity /səˈler.ə.ti/ - speed:
➔ A journalist who writes his well-crafted
(n)
stories with remarkable celerity.
Sự nhanh chóng, tốc độ.
➔ Once the public took the first step, then the
courts could and did move with celerity and
relative ease.
Similar: velocity, speed, rapidity, rate, swiftness.
Opposite: slowness, sluggishness, lethargy, languor,
reluctance.

Debonair UK: /deb.əˈneə(r)/ - (especially of men) attractive, confident,

and carefully dressed:
(adj) US: /deb.əˈner/
➔ A debonair appearance/manner.
➔ A debonair young man.
Hòa nhã, lịch thiệp.
Similar: nonchalant, carefree, insouciant, cavalier,
lighthearted.
Opposite: serious, earnest, somber, somber, careful.

Decent /ˈdiː.s(ə)nt/ - socially acceptable or good:

➔ Everyone should be entitled to a decent
(adj)
wage/standard of living.
Đứng đắn.
➔ I thought he was a decent person.
Similar: nice, honorable, honest, good, ethical.
Opposite: bad, wrong, indecent, evil, wicked.

Unitarian UK: /ˌjuː.nɪˈteə.ri.ən/ - a member of a Christian Church that does

not believe in the Trinity (= the existence of
(n) US: /juː.nɪˈter.i.ən/
one God in three forms, the Father, the Son,
and the Holy Spirit):
Người theo
➔ Unitarians and Methodists rejected the
thuyết nhất thể.
Anglican doctrine.
➔ The conference was a great opportunity to
get together with other Unitarians.

Octagon UK: /ˈɒk.tə.ɡən/ - a flat shape with eight straight sides:

➔ The center as well as every other point in the
(n) US: /ˈɑːk.tə.ɡɑːn/
surrounding open octagon has the itinerary
of its label.
Bát giác.
➔ We also show how to use the triadic
odometer augmented with plus and minus
signs to track octagons.
Naturally UK: /ˈnætʃ.(ə)r.(ə)l.i/ - happening or existing as part of nature and
not made or done by people; having an
(adv) US: /ˈnætʃ.ɚ.(ə)l.i/
ability or characteristic from birth:
➔ He's naturally funny - he doesn't even have
Tự nhiên, bẩm sinh.
to try.
➔ A healthy body will be able to fight off the
illness naturally without the use of medicine.
Similar: inherently, fundamentally, basically,
intrinsically, essentially.
Opposite: unusually, extraordinarily, abnormally,
uncommonly, strangely.

Counterpart UK: /ˈkaʊn.tə.pɑːt/ - a person or thing that has the same

purpose as another one in a different place
(n) US: /ˈkaʊn.t̬ɚ.pɑːrt/
or organization:
➔ The prime minister is to meet his European
Đồng cấp, cương vị.
counterparts to discuss the war against
drugs.
➔ The president will meet with his Brazilian
counterpart tomorrow.
Similar: equivalent, colleague, fellow, partner, rival.
Opposite: opposite, reverse, antithesis, converse,
polar.

Numerical UK: /njuːˈmer.ɪ.k(ə)l/ - involving or expressed in numbers:

➔ Keep your files in numerical order.
(adj) US: /nuːˈmer.ɪ.k(ə)l/
➔ The UN forces have a numerical superiority
over the rebels.
Thuộc số, bằng số.

Retroactive UK: /ret.rəʊˈæk.tɪv/ - (of a law or other agreement) having effect

from the time before the law or agreement
(adj) US: /ret.roʊˈæk.tɪv/
was approved:
➔ The changes will not be retroactive.
Có hiệu lực trước.
➔ The Justice Department had opposed the
retroactive application of the guidelines.
Similar: analytical, retrospective, analytic,
meditative, reflective.
Opposite: unreflective, proactive, forward, prescient,
farsighted.
Egoism UK: /ˈiː.ɡəʊ.ɪ.z(ə)m/ - thinking only about yourself and
considering yourself better and more
(n) US: /ˈiː.ɡoʊ.ɪ.z(ə)m/
important than other people:
➔ Finding herself world-famous by the time
Tính vị kỷ, ích kỷ.
she was 18 only encouraged the actress's
egoism.
➔ Because of her egoism, she never gave a
thought to asking how the others felt.
Similar: selfness, selfishness, vanity, ego, pride.
Opposite: generosity, magnanimity, objectivity,
neutrality, fairness.

Underwrite UK: /ʌn.d(ə)rˈaɪt/ - to give an activity financial support and

take responsibility for paying any costs if it
(v) US: /ˈʌn.dɚ.raɪt/
fails:
➔ The museum show was largely underwritten
Bảo trợ tài chính,
by a grant from the government of Sweden.
bảo hiểm.
➔ He underwrote a friend's development
company in New York.
Similar: fund, finance, subsidize, capitalize, support.

Ennoble UK: /ɪˈnəʊ.b(ə)l/ - to make something or someone better so

that people admire it, him, or her more:
(v) US: /ɪˈnoʊ.b(ə)l/
➔ He has this theory that suffering can
ennoble a person's character.
Làm tốt đẹp, nâng cấp.
➔ The heroic actions of firefighters during the
terrorist attack did much to ennoble the
profession of fire fighting in the public mind.
Similar: elevate, promote, exalt, dignify, lift.
Opposite: humble, degrade, humiliate, demean,
minimize.

Breech /briːtʃ/ - if a baby in the womb is in a breech

position, it is lying so that the lower part of
(adj)
its body will come out first:
Sinh ngược.
➔ A baby is breech when they are positioned
feet or bottom first in the uterus.
➔ A breech birth/delivery.
Botany UK: /ˈbɒt.(ə)n.i/ - the scientific study of plants:
➔ Integral to this new landscape was its
(n) US: /ˈbɑː.t̬(ə)n.i/
incorporation of botany.
➔ The high culture of serious botany was also
Thực vật học.
irrevocably changed.

Terrify /ˈter.ə.faɪ/ - to frighten someone very much:

➔ Our math teacher terrified all the children.
(v)
➔ The thought of being stuck underground
Làm khiếp sợ, kinh hãi.
terrified him.
Similar: frighten, scare, startle, spook, horrify.
Opposite: reassure, assure, soothe, comfort, cheer.

Malinger UK: /məˈlɪŋ.ɡə(r)/ - to pretend to be ill in order to avoid having

to work:
(v) US: /məˈlɪŋ.ɡɚ/
➔ And is he really ill or just malingering?
➔ As private investigators, we can help
Giả ốm.
businesses identify dishonest and
malingering employees.
Similar: lazy, idle, bum, fool, mess.
Opposite: slave, toil, work, labor, plod.

Cipher UK: /ˈsaɪ.fə(r)/ - a system of writing that prevents most

people from understanding the message:
(n) US: /ˈsaɪ.fɚ/
➔ The message was written in cipher.
➔ We spent a lot of time figuring out the
Mật mã.
enemy’s cipher.
Similar: figure, calculate, compute, measure,
estimate.

Evoke UK: /ɪˈvəʊk/ - to make someone remember something or

feel an emotion:
(v) US: /ɪˈvoʊk/
➔ That smell always evokes memories of my
old school.
Gợi lên.
➔ A detergent designed to evoke the fresh
smell of summer meadows.
Similar: elicit, inspire, raise, reveal, call forth.
Opposite: forget, ignore, miss, disregard, pass over.