PN160759
PN160759
DEPARTMENT OF HAEMATOLOGY
Investigation Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Range Method
DEPARTMENT OF HAEMATOLOGY
Investigation Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Range Method
LIPID PROFILE
CHOLESTEROL, Serum 190 mg/dL < 200.0 CHOD-POD
HDL CHOLESTEROL, Serum 51.00 mg/dL 40.0 - 60.0 Homogenous Enzymatic
Colorimetric Assay
LDL CHOLESTEROL, SERUM 115 mg/dL 0.0 - 100.0 Homogeneous Enzymatic
Colorimetric Assay
TRIGLYCERIDE, Serum 154 mg/dL < 150.0 Enzymatic colorimetric
VLDL CHOLESTEROL 30.86 mg/dL 10.0 - 50.0 Calculation
NON-HDL CHOLESTEROL 140 mg/dL < 130 Calculation
LFT + KFT
BILIRUBIN(TOTAL), Serum 0.403 mg/dL 0-1.1 Diazo
BILIRUBIN (CONJUGATED), SERUM 0.187 mg/dL 0.0 - 0.2 Diazo
BILIRUBIN (UNCONJUGATED), SERUM 0.216 mg/dL 0.10 - 1.0 Calculation
Test Interpretations
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Comments
Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a measure of long term (2-3 months) glycemic control. HbA1c values 5.7 -6.4 %
indicates increased risk for Diabetes. HbA1c values >6.5 % has been included in the latest guidelines for the diagnosis of
Diabetes. It helps in more effective monitoring of blood glucose level to prevent diabetic complications. It is recommended
that HbA1c test should be performed twice a year in patients who are meeting treatment goals and quarterly in patients
who are not meeting glycemic control.
eAG is a new term recommended by ADA (American Diabetes Association) in diabetes management, by which HbA1c results
can be reported to the patients using the same units (mg/dL or mmol/L) that patients see routinely in blood glucose
measurements. One advantage of using eAG as a measure of glucose control is that it will help patients more directly see
the difference between their individual meter readings and how they are doing with their glucose management overall, but
the values of eAG is unlikely to match the average glucose level shown on a person's meter, because people with diabetes
are more likely to test more often when their blood glucose levels are low as in fasting and before meals, but eAG
represents an average of their glucose levels 24 hrs. a day, including post meal periods of higher blood glucose when
people are less likely to test. Also some diabetologists in UK do not like to report eAG
Lipid Profile
Interpretation :
Testing of Lipid Profile helps physicians and their patients take a more proactive and personalised approach to
cardiovascular risk.
Indians are at a greater risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and also at an earlier age as compared to
western population. There are many correctable risk factors for ASCVD and dyslipidemia is the most important of these.
Other important high risk factors are smoking , Diabetes , sedentary lifestyle, hypertension , family history,low HDL-C etc.
LDL-C should be the primary target for therapy, lowering it helps to achieve desired reduction in risk of ASCVD.
Non HDL cholesterol is a stronger predictor of CVD as it measures all atherogenic lipoprotein including LDL & TG rich
lipoprotein remnant.
Elevated TG is ssociated with increased risk of ASCVD independent of LDL-C levels. A combination of high TG and LD-
C imparts even greater risk.
Note:
Lipid Association of India (LIA) does not find any advantage in permorming lipid profile in a fasting state. In most patients, there is
usually a clinically unimportant increase in TG concentration by 18-36 mg/dL on average 2-6 hrs after eating a normal meal.
Fasting lipid rofile are indicated if;
Vitamin D ( 25 Hydroxy)
Interpretation:
These Reference ranges represent clinical decision values that apply to males and females of all ages, rather than population based
reference values.
Reference :
NIH clinical center USA & US National osteoporosis foundation.
Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)
Comments
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis and normal neuronal function. In humans, it is obtained only from
animal proteins and requires intrinsic factor (IF) for absorption. Vitamin B12 deficiency may be due to lack of IF secretion
by gastric mucosa (eg, gastrectomy, gastric atrophy) or intestinal malabsorption (eg, ileal resection, small intestinal diseases).
Vitamin B12 deficiency frequently causes macrocytic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, hyperreflexia,
ataxia, loss of proprioception, poor coordination and affective behavioral changes.
Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency that is due to a lack of IF secretion by gastric
mucosa.
Vitamin B12 concentrations <150 ng/L are considered evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Serum methylmalonic acid and
homocysteine levels are also elevated in vitamin B12 deficiency states.
Other conditions are also known to decrease the serum vitamin B12 concentration: pregnancy, drugs such as
aspirin,anticonvulsants, colchicines, ethanol ingestion, contraceptive hormones and smoking.
TSH
Comments
Thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) is an important marker of thyroid function in our body . The prime function of TSH is to
regulate the synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones viz. T3 and T4. The determination of TSH serves as the initial
test in thyroid diagnostics. Alteration in the TSH level indicates either hyperthyroidism ( low TSH level ) or hypothyroidism
(high TSH). However, only TSH determination would not help in disease diagnosis. It should always be performed along with
Free T3 and Free T4 for a proper clinical diagnosis. Various research studies have indicated considerable levels of biological
and analytical variations in TSH measurement. It may be attributed to mainly due to the pulsatile secretion of the hormone
and fairly short half life ( 1 - 2 hrs). Research studies have indicated that circadian variation (i.e variation of morning and
evening samples) of as high as 50% variation. This is more so even in case of pregnant ladies. Hence TSH interpretation
should be both diagnostic and clinical, not a single factor alone.
DEPARTMENT OF EPS
Distal latencies of both median motor are prolonged and conduction velocities are normal.
DEPARTMENT OF EPS