Health Education

Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Developmental Stages of the Learner

Learning Targets:
At the end of the module, students will be able to: Materials: Book, pen and notebook
1. Identify the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
characteristics of learners that influence learning at various
stages of growth and development.
2. Recognize the role of the nurse as educator in assessing References:
stage-specific learner needs according to maturational levels. Bastable, S. B. (2019). Nurse as Educator:
3. Determine the role of the family in patient education; and, Principles of Teaching and Learning for
4. Discuss appropriate teaching strategies effective for learners Nursing Practice. Jones & Bartlett
at different developmental stages. Learning.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
A short activity will be conducted by the instructor. The name of the activity is Does it VARK? The instructor will flash
pictures on the screen and the students will guess as to what learning style it pertains with the following preferences:
• Visual
• Aural
• Read/write
• Kinesthetic

B. MAIN LESSON
The students will study and read their book about this lesson (Chapter 5 of the book):
Developmental Characteristics
• Chronological age vs. stage of development
• Growth and development interact with experiences, health, motivation, and environmental factors to affect a
person’s ability and readiness to learn.
• Maturity continuum
• Dependence (infant and young child)
• Independence (child)
• Interdependence (advanced individual)
• Best time to teach is when learner is ready.
Developmental Stages of Childhood
• Pedagogy is the art and science of helping children learn.
• Stages of childhood divided by behavior patterns
• Infancy and Toddlerhood
• Early Childhood
• Middle and Late Childhood
• Adolescence

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 1 of 9

 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Stages Piaget Erikson Salient Teaching

Characteristics Strategies
Infancy and Sensorimotor stage Trust VS. Mistrust Cognitive -Focus on
Toddlerhood - Learning is through (birth to 12 months), Example: responds normal
sensory experiences autonomy vs. shame and to step-by-step development,
and through movement doubt (1-3 years) commands; safety, health
and manipulation of -Building trust and language skills promotion, and
objects, eventual object establishing balance develop rapidly disease
permanence and between feelings of love during this stage prevention.
causality and hate; learning to Psychosocial -Use repetition
control willful desires Example: and imitation.
aggravated by -Stimulate the
personal and senses.
external limits; -Provide safety.
routines provide -Allow for play
sense of security and
manipulation of
objects.

Early Childhood Preoperational period Initiative VS. Guilt Cognitive -Build trust.
-Egocentric; thinking is -Taking on tasks for the Example: animistic -Allow for
literal and concrete; sake of being involved and thinking; limited manipulation of
precausal thinking on the move; learning to sense of time; objects.
express feelings through egocentric/egocentri -Use positive
play c causation thinking; reinforcement.
transductive -Encourage
reasoning questions.
Psychosocial -Provide simple
Example: separation drawings and
anxiety; play is stories.
his/her work; fears -Focus on play
loss of body integrity; therapy.
active imagination; -Stimulate the
interacts with senses
playmates

Middle and Late Concrete Operations Industry Vs. Inferiority Cognitive -Encourage
Childhood Stage -Gaining a sense of Example: able to independence.
-Developing logical responsibility and reliability; draw conclusions -Use logical
thought processes and increased susceptibility to and intellectually can explanations
syllogistic reasoning; social forces outside the understand cause and analogies.
understands cause and family unit; gaining and effect -Relate to
effect and conservation awareness of uniqueness Psychosocial child’s
of special talents and Example: fears experience.
qualities failure and being left -Use subject-
out of groups; fears centered focus.
illness and disability -Use play
therapy.

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 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

-Provide group
activities.
Use drawings,
models, dolls,
painting, digital
media, and
computers
-Encourage
independence.
-Use logical
explanations
and analogies.
-Relate to
child’s
experience.
-Use subject-
centered focus.
-Use play
therapy.
-Provide group
activities.
-Use drawings,
models, dolls,
painting, digital
media, and
computers
Adolescence Formal Operations Identity VS. Role Cognitive -Establish trust.
Stage Confusion Example: -Identify control
Abstract thought; -Struggling to establish own propositional focus.
propositional reasoning; identity; seeking thinking; complex -Use peers for
adolescent egocentrism independence and logical reasoning; support and
(imaginary audience) autonomy can build on past influence.
experiences; -Negotiate for
conceptualizes the change–
invisible contract.
Psychosocial -Focus on
Need for belonging details.
to a group -Make
Need for personal information
space meaningful to
Example: personal life.
fable—feels -Ensure
invulnerable, confidentiality
invincible/immune to and privacy.
natural laws -Use role play,
Example: imaginary contracts,
audience—intense reading
personal materials, and
preoccupation technology.

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 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

-Allow for
experimentatio
n and flexibility
within safe
limits.

Developmental Stages of Adulthood

• Young Adulthood
• Middle-Aged Adulthood
• Older Adulthood

Adulthood: Teaching & Learning

• Andragogy: the art and science of teaching adults
• Adult Learning Principles: relates learning to immediate needs; self-directed; teacher is facilitator; learner desires
active role
• Piaget: formal operations stage (begins in adolescence and carries through adulthood)
• Abstract thought; reasoning is both inductive and deductive
• Erikson: intimacy vs. isolation
• Focusing on relationships and commitment to others in their personal, occupational, and social lives
• Salient Characteristics
• Cognitive
• Example: cognitive capacity is fully developed but continuing to accumulate new knowledge and
skills
• Psychosocial
• Example: autonomous; independent; stress related to the many decisions being made regarding
career, marriage, parenthood, and higher education
• Teaching Strategies
• Use problem-centered focus.
• Draw on meaningful experiences.
• Focus on immediacy of application.
• Allow for self-direction and setting own pace.
• Organize material.
• Encourage role play.

Middle-Aged Adulthood
• Piaget: formal operations stage
Abstract thought; reasoning is both inductive and deductive
• Erikson: generativity vs. self-absorption and stagnation
Reflecting on accomplishments and determining if life changes are needed
• Salient Characteristics
Cognitive
• Example: ability to learn remains steady throughout this stage
Psychosocial
• Example: facing issues with grown children, changes in own health, and increased responsibility
for own parents
• Teaching Strategies
Maintain independence and reestablish normal life patterns.
Assess positive and negative past learning experiences.
Assess potential sources of stress.

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 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Provide information relative to life concerns and problems.

Older Adulthood
• Piaget: formal operations stage
Abstract thought; reasoning is both inductive and deductive
• Erikson: ego integrity vs. despair
Coping with reality of aging, mortality, and reconciliation with past failures
• Geragogy: the teaching of older persons, accommodating the normal physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
changes
• Salient Characteristics
Cognitive
• Fluid intelligence—capacity to perceive relationships, to reason, and to perform abstract thinking,
which declines with aging
• Crystallized intelligence—the intelligence absorbed over a lifetime, which increases with
experience
Psychosocial
• Example: adjusting to changes in lifestyle and social status
• Teaching Strategies
• Use concrete examples.
• Build on past experiences.
• Focus on one concept at a time.
• Use a slow pace.
• Use repetition and reinforcement.
• Provide brief explanations.
• Use analogies.
• Speak slowly and clearly.
• Use low-pitched tones.
• Minimize distractions.
• Rely on visual aids, and supplement with verbal instructions.
• Use large letters and well-spaced print.
• Provide a safe environment.
• Give time to reminisce.

Role of Family in Patient Education

• Family is one of the most important variables influencing patient outcomes.
• The nurse educator and family should be allies.
• It is important to choose the most appropriate caregiver to receive information.

State of the Evidence

• More research needed regarding patient education approaches for children, adolescents, young adults
• More research needed to discover how to best teach clients at different developmental stages based on learning
needs, styles, and readiness
• More research needed to confirm the final stage of psychosocial development
• More research needed regarding the nurse educator as facilitator rather than teacher
• More research needed regarding the role of family and other support systems on the success of educational
endeavors to help Americans maintain and improve health

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 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. 1 point will be given to every correct
answer and another 1 point for correct rationalization.

Multiple Choice

1. This is the art and science of helping children learn.

a. Pedagogy
b. Geragogy
c. Andragogy
d. Oncology

RATIO: _______________________________________________

2. In this developmental stage, formal operations stage begins in and carries through adulthood.
a. Infancy
b. Toddlerhood
c. Middle Childhood
d. Adulthood

RATIO: _______________________________________________

3. This is the art and science of teaching adults

a. Pedagogy
b. Geragogy
c. Andragogy
d. Oncology

RATIO: _______________________________________________

4. The teaching of older persons, accommodating the normal physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes
a. Pedagogy
b. Geragogy
c. Andragogy
d. Oncology

RATIO: _______________________________________________

5. In this developmental stage, there is gaining a sense of responsibility and reliability; increased susceptibility to
social forces outside the family unit;
a. Infancy
b. Toddlerhood
c. Middle Childhood
d. Adulthood

RATIO: _______________________________________________

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 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

6. Jean Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage is as to what counterpart development in Erikson’s Theory?

a. Identity VS Role Confusion
b. Trust VS Mistrust
c. Initiative VS Guilt
d. Industry VS Inferiority

RATIO: _______________________________________________

7. What salient psychosocial characteristic is visible during the above mentioned developmental stage
a. responds to step-by-step commands
b. interacts with playmates
c. routines provide sense of security
d. can build on past experiences

RATIO: _______________________________________________

8. Adolescence is marked by what operational stage according to Piaget

a. Identity VS. Role Confusion
b. Formal Operations Stage
c. Concrete Operations Stage
d. Preoperational period

RATIO: _______________________________________________

9. During this period, salient cognitive characteristics will include:

a. able to draw conclusions
b. intellectually can understand cause and effect
c. fears illness and disability
d. All of the above
e. A&B only

RATIO: _______________________________________________

10. One of the following is not a role of the family in Patient Education.
a. Family is one of the most important variables influencing patient outcomes
b. The nurse educator and family should be allies
c. It is important to choose the most appropriate caregiver to receive information
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

RATIO: _______________________________________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 7 of 9

 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

AL Activity: EXIT TICKET/PASS

Prepare ¼ yellow papers and read the scenario projected. Answer the question presented.

(Reminder: Observe COVID19 precaution)

*Reading assignment for next session: Compliance, Motivation, and Health Behaviors of the learner

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 Health Education
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 9 of 9