Is/ are/were= Born (Rb¥ MÖnb Kiv)

✓ Uses
➢ Rb¥ MÖnb, mvj, ZvwiL BZ¨vw` †evSv‡Z|
Stucture: S+ be verb+ born+ ad.v phrase/ prepositional Phrase
1. He was born in Dhaka.
2. I was born in Khulna.
3. Jhon was born on 2 june 2001.
4. The girl was born of an educated family.
➢ kvixwiK weKjv½ Ae¯’vq Rb¥MÖnY Kiv ‡evSv‡j|
Stucture: S+ be verb+ born+ adj.
1. Hundredes of children are born blind every year.
2. The boy was born deaf.
➢ ‡Kvb we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ Rb¥ MÖnY Ki‡j|
Stucture: S+ be verb+ born+ infinitive phrases
1. He was born to be the father of nation.
2. Shakespeare was born to be a famous dramatist.

Have to/ Has to/ Had To

( ‡h‡Z n‡e †L‡Z n‡e, co‡Z n‡e, Dc‡`k cÖ`vb, eva¨Zv g~jK ‡Kvb KvR)
✓ Uses
➢ ‡Kvb KvR Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e ev Kiv cÖ‡qvRb A‡_©
Stucture: S+ have to+ has to+ verb (base form)+ ob.
1. We have to defend our mother.
2. We have to produce more food.
➢ fwel‡Z †Kvb wKQz n‡Z n‡e †evRv‡j|
Stucture: S+ have to be+ has to be+ complement.
1. A student has to be confident to pass the exam.
2. You have to be a teacher.
3. I have to be an artist.
➢ AZx‡Z ‡Kvb wKQy Kivi eva¨evaKZv
Stucture: S+ had to + verb (base form)+ ob/com
1. I had to take a taxi to go to college yesterday.
2. At last, I had to memorise the composition.
➢ Dc‡`k A‡_©
Stucture: S+ have to+ has to+ verb (base form)+ ob.
1. Time is precious. So you have to use it properly.
2. Health is wealth. So you have to take care of your health.

Had Better (‡Kvb wKQz Kiv fv‡jv)

✓ Uses (‡Kvb cwiw¯’w_ †evSv‡j)
1. You had better stay today.
2. We had better go now.
3. We had better sleep early.
➢ Uses (Negetive n‡j)
1. I had better not go today.
2. You had better not do the work.
Would rather (eis)
`ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †Kvb KvRwU fv‡jv Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z Would rather e¨en„Z nq/ Would rather kU© dg©
`d rather
Uses:
1. I Would rather die then beg.
2. I Would rather stay at home than go outside.
3. I Would rather you went home now.
4. I would rather you did not do this.

What if ( †Kgb n‡e hw` GuUv nq/ wK NU‡e hw` Ggb nq)
‡Kvb wel‡q fq ev D‡ØM cÖKvk Ki‡Z/ †Kvb NUbvi cwibvg †evSv‡Z
Uses:
1. I told him to bring the document. What if he forget to bring it?
2. He does not read attentively. What if he fails in the exam.
3. You have come just now. What if I am late.

Let alone ( fvev hvq bv ev wPšÍv Kiv hvq bv) mvavibZ bv-‡evaK A_© cÖKvk
K‡i
St: s+ v+ ob+ let alone+ noun
Uses:
1. You can not walk a kilometer, let alone ten K.M
2. He can not read Bangla, let alone English.
3. He can not get B, let alone A+.

As if/ As though (‡hb)

 Kv‡iv mgv‡jvPbv Kiv A‡_©./ KvD‡K KUzw³ Kiv A‡_©/ me©`v past tens nq/ As if/ As
though Gi cieZx© clause be verb = were/had
Uses:
1. Jhon talks as if he were mad.
2. He behaves as if he knew nothing.
3. He proceeded as if he had known everything.

What does…..look like/ what’s it like ( †Kgb/ †`L‡Z †Kgb)

Uses:
1. What does Jack look like?
2. What do Bangladeshi people look like?
3. What does the car look like?
4. What does the mobile look like?
5. what’s it like talking too much tea?
6. what’s it like walking in the morning?

As soon As (‡hB gvÎ)

GKwU NUbv NUvi ci Av‡iKwU NUbv NUv/ `ywU Ask GKB tense nq/ memgq ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z
_v‡K|
Uses:
1. As soon as we saw our teacher, we stood up.
2. As soon as the bell rang, we entered the classroom.
3. As soon as we reached the station, the train started.

THERE (wbR¯^ †Kvb A_© bvB)

hLb †Kvb sub Ly‡R cvIqv hvq bv ZLb e¨envi Kiv nq evK¨ m~Pbv Kivi Rb¨/ THERE e¨eüZ
sub hw` singular nq be verb (is/was) Ges Sub plural (are/were) e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
Uses:
➢ With singular sub
1. There is a boy in the classroom.
2. There was a big fish in the pond.
➢ There with plural subject
1. There are two college in the union.
2. There were five novel on the table.
➢ There without Be verb
1. There lived an honest man in a city.
2. There happened a terrible accident.
➢ There with modal Aux
1. There must be a good way of solving the problem.
2. There should be a proper guiedline in the book.
➢ There with (something/ anything/ nothing/ nobody)
1. There is something wrong.
2. There is nobody in the class.

IT (evK¨ m~PbvKvix)
mvavibZ BZi cÖvbx/ †QvU wkï/ †Kvb e¯‘/ mgq/ `yiZ¡/& FZz/ AvenvIqv BZ¨vw` †evSv‡Z e¨venvi
Kiv nq|

Uses:
➢ BZi cÖvbx/ †QvU wkï A‡_©
1. I have a pet cat. It kills the rats.
2. I saw a child. It was crying.
➢ e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î e¨envi
1. This book is mine. It cost tk-5.
2. This is a story book. It is very interesting.
➢ mgq/ FZz/ AvenvIqv A‡_©
1. it is 10 o`clock.
2. It takes 10 minutes to reach there.
3. It is winter now.
4. It rained heavily.

USED TO ( AZx‡Zi †Kvb Af¨vm/ Ae¯’v)

Av‡M wQj wKš‘ GLb Avi †bB/ GLb Av‡Q wKš‘ Av‡M wQjbv
Uses:
1. I used to bath in the pond but now I have stooped.
2. The hall used to be a cinema hall.
3. I did not used to like dance, but now I chose.
4. I used to walk in the morning, didn’t I?
DARE (mvnm Kiv)
Uses:
1. She does not dare (to) go out at night.
2. The old lady didn’t dare (to) open the door.
3. I daren’t tell him my feelings.
4. She daren’t tell him what she thinks.
NEED (cÖ‡qvRb nIqv/ cov)
Principle/ Modal verb wn‡m‡e e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i
Uses:
1. Everybody needs to rest sometimes.
2. Don’t we need to respect our elders?
3. You needn’t reserve a seat.
4. Need I fell in a form?
5. He needn’t come here now.
6. He need write a letter.

IT IS TIME / IT IS HIGH TIME ( GLbB Dchy³ mgq)

VERB Past form nq/ it is time Gi c‡I subject bv _vK‡j To + verb e‡m
Uses:
1. It is high time students gained knowledge.
2. It is high time you learned your lesions.
3. It is time they gave up smoking.
4. It is time to go.
5. It is time to study.
UNLESS (hw` bv)
 mvavibZ †b‡MwUf A‡_© e¨envi nq/ Unless hy³ Ask Øviv kZ© cÖKvk K‡i/ c‡ii As‡k djvdj cÖKvk
Kiv nq/ Unless hy³ As‡k No, not e¨envi nq bv|Page | 6Uses:
1. Unless the man work hard, he will not shine in life.
2. You will fail in the exam, unless you study well.
WOULD YOU MIND ( Avcwb wK wKQz g‡b Ki‡eb?)
‡Kvb e¨w³‡K †Kvb wKQz Aby‡iva Kiv †evSvq/ AbygwZ PvIqv A‡_© e¨envi nq/ verb Gi mv‡_
ing nq/ ? nq |
Uses:
1. Would you mind telling us a ghost story?
2. Would you mind lending me your car?
3. Would you mind if I opened the door?

EITHER…..OR ( nq GUv…..bv nq IUv)

`yBwU Ask _v‡K cÖ_g As‡ki c~‡e© EITHER Ges ØxwZq As‡ki c~‡e© OR nq|
Uses:
1. He will play either cricket or football.
2. The girl either danced or sang.
WHENEVER ( hLbB)
‡h‡Kvb mgq wKQz nIqv/ NUv‡K Bw½Z Kiv eySvq
Uses:
1. Whenever he comes here, he meets me.
2. Whenever I advise him, he insults me.
3. You will see her whenever you go there.
4. I become happy whenever I see him.
WOULD YOU LIKE/ WOULD LIKE ( চাওয়া অর্থে )
Uses:
1. Would you like to go with us?
2. Would you like to have a lunch now?
3. I would like to buy a shirt.
4. I would like to congratulate you on your exam result.

Practice corner
1. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box :
What does
what's it
as soon as ...... look what if it
like
like

had better would

was born let alone have to
rather

(a) Deforestation is a matter of great concern. We ⎯ take immediate steps against cutting down
trees at random.
(b) To tell a lie is a great sin. We ⎯ die than to tell a lie. Otherwise none will believe us.
(c) Helmet should be used while driving a motorcycle. ⎯ you were driving your bike and
met a serious accident?
(d) ⎯ swimming in the sea? It seems to be very heroic to me.
(e) ⎯ mother heard the news, she cried loudly. She lost her child in a car accident.
(f) Rome was not built in a day. ⎯ took a long time and hard labour to build this city.
(g) Rahman is a poor man. He cannot buy a shirt, ⎯ a car.
(h) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our rebel poet. He ⎯ in Churulia of West Bengal.
(i) Rina's dress looks very dirty. It is old enough. She ⎯ buy a new dress.
(j) Rana : Hi, Robi ⎯ a Pea-cock ⎯ ?
Robi : It's a very nice bird. It knows how to dance.
2.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the
box:
there no sooner had would
what if have to
rather

lest as if what does .... look be born

let alone
like

(a) The students were loitering in the corridor. ⎯ they seen the teacher than they entered
the classroom.
(b) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the father of our nation. He ⎯ in 1920 in
Tungipara of Gopalganj district.
(c) I can't stand Rubel. He always acts ⎯ he were smarter than everyone.
(d) The little girl was suddenly crossing the road. A bus was passing by. As it came near
the girl, the driver halted it. ⎯ he wouldn't have stopped the bus.
(e) Shoma ⎯ live in a hostel than live in her relative's home. She feels free and comfortable
in the hostel.
(f) You started late. Now you are walking slowly. Walk fast ⎯ you should miss the bus.
(g) He is very poor. He can't afford to travel by an AC bus, ⎯ an aroplane.
(h) Daughter : Mom, ⎯ an albatross ⎯?
Mother : My dear, an albatross is a very large white bird that lives in the Pacific and
Southern Oceans.
(i) Long ago, ⎯ lived a mighty warrior named Kubla Khan. He was the grandson of
Chengis Khan.
(j) I ⎯ seek advice from a doctor. I have been suffering from fever for a long time.
3.Complete the sentences with suitable words/phrase given in the box
:
as if what does ... was born there
let alone
look like

what's it as soon as had rather Would rather

have to
like

(a) In modern times, ⎯ has been a great change in the attitude of man regarding
superstitious belief.
(b) Our learners develop a very poor writing skill. They cannot write fairly well even in Bangla,
⎯ in English.
(c) Some city dwellers' behaviour is often too formal. They speak in such a way ⎯ they
were never in the village.
(d) I have never travelled by air. ⎯ flying in the sky?
(e) Riaz : ⎯ the frozen mountain peak ⎯?
Purnima : It looks like a white dome.
(f) Sheela is suffering from tooth-ache. She ⎯ see a dentist.
(g) Play is delayed due to rain. It will resume ⎯ the rain stops.
(h) Sohel is a very good natured boy. He ⎯ stay at home than mix with bad companies.
(i) Milton was a poet of versatile genius. He ⎯ in 1608 in England. He used to believe
that one should start a profession after taking necessary preparations.
(j) We have discussed for quite a long time. We can't take much time any more. We ⎯ come to
a conclusion.
4.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the
box.
it is high as though no sooner
in case lest
time had

unless would you used to as long as

have to
mind

(a) There is foul smell in the room. ⎯ opening the window?

(b) Tomorrow I will be very busy. So, I'll say goodbye now ⎯ I don't see you again.
(c) We ⎯ educate all and work hard to develop our country.
(d) Nobody likes Karim at all. He talks ⎯ he knew everything.
(e) The poor will continue to suffer ⎯ they are illiterate.
(f) Nobody likes you here. ⎯ you left this place.
(g) He saw a bear coming towards him. So, he climbed up a tree ⎯ the bear might attack
him.
(h) Everybody disliked Rakib. He ⎯ do many harmful activities.
(i) Time is very important in our life. You cannot prosper in life ⎯ you make proper use
of time.
(j) The students were talking in the class. ⎯ the teacher entered the class than they
stopped talking.
5.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box
:
There Wasborn What if
As soon What does ......
 as look like

Has to As if What's it like Let alone would rather

(a) It was 45 years ago when a new country named Bangladesh in the world map ⎯ at
the cost of million of lives.
(b) During the liberation war of Bangladesh ⎯ was a great American singer George
Harison who sang for Bangladesh.
(c) ⎯ living in Bangladesh? You seem to be very happy with your life in Bangladesh.
(d) My foreign friend told me you ⎯ leave this country than live here. I replied "This is
my motherland."
(e) In 1971 the Pakistani army did terrible atrocities against the Bangladeshis. Pakistan
⎯ apologize for this to Bangladesh.
(f) Pakistan always plays a role against Bangladesh. We can not expect any co-operation
from them, ⎯ apology.
(g) The elements of anti-liberation forces came out of their cocoons ⎯ the father of the
nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed.
(h) Some persons living in Bangladesh always try to make conspiracy against the
country ⎯ Bangladesh were not their own country.
(i) The authority of Dhaka University cut ties with Pakistan. ⎯ the government of
Bangladesh takes initiatives to cut off diplomatic relation with Pakistan?
(j) Teacher : Learners, ⎯ the national flower of Bangladesh ⎯?
6.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the
box:
let alone had what's
As if As soon as
better like

if It would rather have to there

(a) I met him ten years ago. I can hardly recall his name, ⎯ his address.
(b) ⎯ has been many years since I saw him. So, I can not recognize him.
(c) Don't behave ⎯ you knew everything. Remember all others here are senior to you.
(d) You ⎯ build your own house than live in a rented house. House rent has increased
much now a days.
(e) Give him the good news ⎯ you meet him.
(f) ⎯ are many rivers in Bangladesh. The rivers abound with plenty of fishes.
(g) ⎯ I had a typewriter, I would type well.
(h) You ⎯ consult with a doctor. The condition of your health may deteriorate.
(i) ⎯ he ⎯? He is friendly and he can help you.
(j) Time is over. I ⎯ go now.
7.Complete the sentence with suitable phrases/words given in the
box.
had better as soon was born
let alone as if
as

what does ... there Would you it would

look like mind rather

(a) The room appears to be suffocating. ⎯ opening the windows?

(b) It is raining outside. You ⎯ take an umbrella.
(c) He cannot read newspaper, ⎯ edit a newspaper.
(d) ⎯ lived a wise man but he was not well known to all.
(e) You look tired. ⎯ appears to me that you have worked hard.
(f) Ismail is a symbol of versatile genius. He ⎯ in a needy family.
(g) ⎯ a dinosaur ⎯? Have you ever seen it?
(h) He proceeded ⎯ he had never seen me. His defiant behaviour offended me.
(i) Panic seized me ⎯ I heard his roaring voice.
(j) Though I am in dire need of money, I ⎯ die than seek any financial help from him.
8.Complete the sentences with the suitable phrase/words given in the
box.
there let alone it as if what ....... look
like

have to as soon as was born had better would rather

(a) We ⎯ not go out today. A riot has broken out in our locality.
(b) ⎯ is a good idea to walk in the morning. One can take it as an important form of
physical exercise, because it refreshes both the body and mind.
(c) Do you often ⎯ travel on business? You are always seen travelling abroad.
(d) Long ago, ⎯ lived a very pious man. His name was Hatem Tai and he was very kind
hearted.
(e) ⎯ does a clown ⎯? You've seen a clown in the circus many a time.
(f) ⎯ I see my father coming my heart fills up with joy. I am very much fond of my father.
(g) I got a job at a bar. But I hate working at a bar. I ⎯ be a waiter than a barman.
(h) Kazi Nazrul Islam ⎯ in an impoverished family. He had to earn even when he was a
small boy.
(i) The economic condition of Robi is very poor. He can not afford one meal per day, ⎯
square meals.
(j) After the final match of the FIFA World Cup 2014, Messi looked ⎯ he were completely
routed. His cherished dream had been shattered.
9.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases or words given in the box :
unless let alone it there would you mind

the older... the

as if neither will had better as fast as
more

(a) When my brother was a child he wouldn't look at all like my father. ⎯ he gets, ⎯ he
looks like him.
(b) ⎯ are hundreds of languages spoken regularly by human beings. But everywhere of
the world people speak English.
(c) A : They won't be enjoying a holiday this year.
B : ⎯ We.
(d) It is admitted by all that a deer can run fast. But it can not run ⎯ a Cheetah.
(e) He loves his garden very much. He does not allow his sons to pluck any flower ⎯
other children.
(f) I can not carry the box on my back ⎯ taking the box into the room?
(g) ⎯ is very difficult to get good grade in Bengali and English.
(h) It is getting dark, you ⎯ go home right now.
(i) The man was seriously injured in a accident. He would have died ⎯ he had been
taken to a nearby hospital.
(j) The boy talks too much of himself. He talks ⎯ he knew everything.
10.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box :
had was born would as soon as let alone
better rather

has to as if whenever there

in order
 to

(a) The students were making a noise in the class. But — the teacher entered the class,
they kept quiet.
(b) It was a hot summer day. A crow felt very thirsty. So it was flying here and there —
find water.
(c) Panna was a criminal. So he was always on his toes. — he saw the police, he hid
himself.
(d) The man is so weak that he cannot walk. He cannot walk even a kilometer — five
kilometers.
(e) — is a nice kitchen garden just behind our house. So we can get fresh vegetables
from there.
(f) I am too tired to talk. I can no longer give you company. You — leave me and let me
take rest.
(g) Though I am poor, I hate begging. Begging is most disreputable. I — die than beg.
(h) Michael Madhusudan Dutt was a popular Bengali poet. He — in a sophisticated
Hindu family, but he took Christianity when he was young.
(i) My friend Ratul talks — he were a millionaire. But he comes of an impoverished
family. Moreover, he is good for nothing.
(j) Rana is a meritorious student. Her is the first boy in our class. He ⎯ study hard and
work more to maintain his position in the class.
11.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box.
no sooner
but for used to was born had better
had

as if it what do you has to what's the

mean matter

(a) Shamsur Rahman in Dhaka in 1929. He is famous both as a poet and a novelist.
(b) — Diamond jumped upon the table than the lighted candle fell on the papers. It
caused a great damage to Newton's research works.
(c) You — apply to the principal of your college for granting you a stipend. He will surely
see on it.
(d) Thomas Alva Edison was very inquisitive in his childhood. He — do many harmful
activities. However, he made a lot of inventions.
(e) One evening I returned home groaning with a bad headache. My mother asked me,
"⎯ with you? Why do you look so pale?"
(f) — your timely intervention, I would have been assaulted by them. I was just a victim of
circumstances.
(g) —? How can a rope bite a man? It is quite unbelievable.
(h) He tells the matter — he knew it. Actually, he is quite ignorant of it.
(i) — is a good idea to walk in the morning. Morning walk is very healthful.
(j) A good citizen — perform a lot of things. These things will enable him to become a
true patriot.
12.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box:

what does ...

as if was born as soon as it
look like

there have to let alone would rather had better

(a) Manners make a man. Students — practice good manners in everyday life.
(b) Most students in our country are weak in English. They — follow the advice of their
teachers for improvement.
(c) He tries to show off his knowledge in English. He speaks English — he were an
 Englishman.
(d) Cox's Bazar is a popular tourist hub. — are many nice hotels there for tourists.
(e) The other day I met an old rickshaw puller. He told me that he — pull a rickshaw
than beg.
(f) A poor man struggles hard to survive in our country. He can hardly earn Tk. 200 a
day, — Tk. 2000.
(g) In Dhaka city, traffic jam is very common. — may occur anywhere anytime.
(h) Smoking is one of the major causes of heart attack and cancer. — a smoker stops
smoking, he can avoid the risk of any danger.
(i) Have you ever heard the name of William Shakespeare? He — on 23rd April, 1564 in
England. He was one of the greatest dramatists of the world.
(j) Son : Dad, — an alien — ?
Father : Well Aliens are believed to come from another plant by UFOs. Films and
science fiction tell us about them. They are really awesome.
14.Complete the following sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box.
there what if was born had better as long as

let alone have to as it it as soon as

(a) — is really unfortunate for a boy like him to fail in the exam.
(b) He cannot score a goal, — a hattrick.
(c) His mother being sick, he needs to go home — possible.
(d) The manager says alone. It seems — other had nothing to say.
(e) No one is happy with her result. She — understand it.
(f) — you lose your pen?
(g) — lived a very clever fox in a jungle.
(h) The poor will continue to suffer — they are illiterate.
(i) Zahir Raihan — on 19 August, 1935 in Feni.
(j) We — educate all and work hard to develop our country.
15.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box
:
what's ...
was born it let alone there
like

would rather as soon as had better as if what is

(a) — your family — ? Our family is not so big. It's comparatively small.
(b) Today is a raining day. You — not go to office today.
(c) I have a bad headache. I — go to doctor.
(d) — lived an old man in a village. He was very wise.
(e) My sister is acting — she were all in all. She always acts like this way.
(f) I'll call you — I arrive. Then we will go to market.
(g) Prabha can't afford to buy a cell phone, — a laptop. Actually she is very poor.
(h) Punctuality is the habit of doing things exactly in time. — is, of course, a good habit.
(i) Tajuddin Ahmad, the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh, — in 1925. He was a wise
man.
(j) Rina : — we miss the bus? Mina : We will take a taxi then.
16.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box :

had there have to let alone

would
 better rather

what's it
as if it was born as soon as
like

(a) Motin's father is a low paid service holder. He has no ability to buy a bi-cycle for his
son ⎯ a motor bike.
(b) I've never travelled by air, ⎯ in the sky?
(c) Let's go to the cinema, ⎯ is not worth waiting any longer.
(d) I am tried. I ⎯ stay at home than go outside.
(e) You look very anxious. And you cannot continue your study any longer. You ⎯ take
rest.
(f) I am surprised to hear his speeches. He speaks ⎯ he knew the ins and outs of the
incident.
(g) Salam feels pain in his chest. He ⎯ go back to the hospital for a scan next week.
(h) Tagore ⎯ in 1861. He was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1913.
(i) ⎯ is no fish here. It is a swimming pool.
(j) I went there to meet with him, ⎯ I saw him, I rushed to talk to him.