BAGUIO CITY NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

PUROK 12, IRISAN, BAGUIO CITY

RESEARCH IV PARTS AND FORMAT OF A RESEARCH

PARTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPER

Scientific Paper or Research Paper is the formal record/document of a research process. It is
meant to document research protocols, methods, results, and conclusions derived from an initial
working hypothesis (Delving et.al. 2014).
I. Title Page
The title page should contain the following: Title, Author’s Name and Institutional Affiliation, Author’s
Note (Department Affiliation and Correspondence, and Acknowledgement).

1.Title – The title should summarize the main idea of the manuscript simply and, if possible, with style.
A good title requires clear articulation of a goal and follows a specific plan and procedure. Avoid using
abbreviations. Length for a title is no more than 12 words.
Title should be typed in uppercase and lowercase letters, centered between the left and right
margins, and positioned in the upper half of the page.
2. Author’s Name (byline)
The Author’s Name/s should be formatted like this: First Name, Middle Initial(s), and Last
Name.
3. Institutional Affiliation
The affiliation should be program of the student researcher(s). e.g. Academic Track/Program
and the School (Baguio City National Science High School).
4. Author’s Note – The author’s note will be composed of two paragraphs. The first paragraph will be
the author’s departmental affiliation (program: Science, Technology, and Engineering Program) and
the e-mail address of the principal author. The second paragraph will be the acknowledgement.
Running Head – This is a heading printed at the top of each page of the research paper. This reflects the
shortened version of the research title. A maximum of 50 characters is allowed.

Sample Title Page

II. Abstract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the content of the research. The abstract should
include the following parts comprehensively written in a paragraph ranging from 150 to 250 words:
✓ the problem under investigation, in one sentence if possible;
✓ the participants - specifying pertinent characteristics, in animal research – specify genus and
species;
✓ the general methods of the study;
✓ basic findings including effect sizes, confidence intervals, statistical significance levels; and
✓ conclusions and the implication of application.

III. Introduction
The introduction is composed of three parts: the Background of the Study, Research Questions, and
the Significance of the study. Commonly, Scope and Delimitation is also indicated. However, since the
content of the scope and delimitation contains the information of the methodology, then this can be omitted.
Like any beginning part of a scientific essay, the introduction must be clear and well-written to make
the reader interested and excited.

A. Background of the Study

This states the rationale of the study; it explains briefly why the investigator chose this study
to work on. This part should contain a discussion of these 4 elements: Topic (this part should clearly
point the importance of dealing with the topic at hand), Situational Analysis (Problem Statement)
(this indicates the general problem faced – an area of conflict, concern, or controversy), Brief
Literature Review (this includes the evidences and relevance from the theoretical basis of the study),
Research Gap (this is a brief discussion that details the area of need or lack of evidence in the
literature).

B. Research Questions
The research question or sometimes referred to as the Statement of the Problem is the focal
point of any research. This part should clearly indicate what is to be investigated and specify the
variables of interest and the specific relationship between them.
This part also includes your Research Hypothesis (tentative answer to the research
question). The hypothesis must be specific, clear, and testable statement that predicts the outcome
of the scientific research study.

Take Note: In some qualitative methodologies, a statement of variables will not be possible and
should not be done. The research question should be specifically aligned with the identified Research
Gap stated in the Background of the study.

C. Significance of the Study

This part discusses who is affected and who benefits from the study. The beneficiaries should
be specified and how these beneficiaries will benefit from the studies should also be presented.

IV. Methodology
The main purpose of this section is to provide enough detail so that a competent worker can repeat
the experiment. Careful writing of this section is critically important because research results to be a scientific
merit, must be reproducible. The basis of repetition of the experiment by others must be provided and the
potential for producing the same or similar results must exist.
Research Design. This is where the research method is stated and explained why it was chosen. Be
specific about the research method, whether it is Qualitative, Quantitative, or Experimental (Scientific)
Research.
Data Gathering Tool. Present a narrative of the data gathering instrument. The description is focused
on the kind of items in the instrument, how items are answered, and how it was constructed. Be very clear
on the basis/bases of the items of the instrument, be it a questionnaire, observation guide, or interview
schedule.
 Data Gathering Procedure. Provide a narrative description on the steps undertaken in data
gathering. The discussion should include the specifics of the procedures of the entire research process.
Data Analysis. Describe all statistical tools to be used, how these are used and their formulae.

V. Findings/Results and Discussion

“Findings” is the word used for qualitative research, while “Results” is commonly used for quantitative
and experimental research.
This section may be divided into subsections describing each set of experiments or observations. The
subsections should be presented vis-à-vis the research objectives/research questions.

Results. The data may be presented in full and discussed descriptively in the text or summarized in
tables, pictures, and/or graphs. The statistical tests used to determine the possible significance of the
finding should be described.
Discussion. The interpretation of the findings is discussed, and the significant features shown in the
table, figures or graphs are pointed out. Principles and relationships shown by the results are pointed out
after the data has been presented. The results and its interpretation should be compared with previously
published works.

VI. Conclusions and Recommendations

A. Conclusions
Conclusions are generalizations based on major findings. These are not repetitions of the
major findings. These should be presented in a one-on-one correspondence with the findings/results
based on the specific research problems.

B. Recommendations
This shall be made vis-à-vis the findings of the study. Again, the sequence of the
recommendations shall follow that of the major findings. After these have been mentioned, other
recommendations that may be offshoots of the findings shall be included.

V. Bibliography/Reference
The Bibliography includes all resources that are used for further reading. All cited literature must be
listed in the bibliography section of the paper in American Psychological Association (APA) format.
https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-bibliography-and-references/

Format for the Research Paper

Font Style: Arial
Font Size: 11”
Documentation Margins: 1 inch (Top); 1 inch (Bottom); 1.5 inch (Left); 1 inch (Right)
Header: 0.5
Headings: bold, centered, upper and lowercase letters
Alignment: Align left
Page Orientation: Portrai
Paper Size: Letter (8.5” x 11”)
Paper: A4

Source: Dacumos, L. (2020). Anapen di Tet-ewa.The Official Student Research Manual of Baguio City
national Science High School. Department of Education.pg. 3-5,9-17.
Delving, E., Pillay, T., Newman A.2014. EJIFCC. 2014 Oct; 25(3): 259-268.
Anuradha. 2021 Wha is the Difference Between Bibliography and References. https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-
difference-between-bibliography-and-references/