Chapter

1
Numbers
1. What is the greatest common factor of 30, 90, and 130?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 10
(E) 30

2. Which of the following is an irrational number?

100
(A)
169
1
(B)
4
(C) 16
(D) 81
(E) 99

3. Which of the following must be true whenever a, b, and c are integers

such that a < 0 and b > c > 0?
(A) a - c > 0
(B) c - b < 0
(C) a + c > 0
(D) -a - c < 0
(E) a + b > 0

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 2 ❯
3

4. If 30 = (1 − n )−3 , then n =
(A) -3
(B) -1
(C) 0
(D) 1
(E) 2

5. What is the largest integer smaller than 50?

(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 7
(D) 9
(E) 12

6. If m and n are integers, which of the following must be an even integer?

(A) 2mn
(B) mn
(C) mn + 2
(D) mn - 2
(E) 3mn

7. If the equation x − a = y − a is true, then which of the following must be

true?
(A) x = y
(B) x > a
(C) x + y ≠ 0
(D) y < a
(E) − a + y = − a + x

8. If P is the set of multiples of 2, Q is the set of multiples of 3, and R is the

set of multiples of 7, which of the following integers will be in P and Q
but not in R?
(A) -54
(B) -50
(C) 42
(D) 100
(E) 252
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 Numbers ❮ 3

9. 1 + −(−5)2 =
(A) -4
(B) 6
(C) 26
(D) 1 + 5i
(E) 1 + 25i

If ( 2 )
1 4y
− 1
10. 2 = , then y =
8
(A) -4
1
(B) −
8
7
(C)
8
3
(D)
2
21
(E)
16

11. Which of the following numbers is an imaginary number?

(A) −32
(B) (−5)2
(C) 5
(D) −49
(E) − 36

12. Using the following number line, which pairs of points satisfy the equation
1
x− y < ?
2
A B CD E F

–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4

(A) x = A, y = B
(B) x = B , y = C
(C) x = C , y = D
(D) x = D , y = E
(E) x = E , y = F

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5

13. If m −3 = 64, then 8m =

(A) -192
(B) -24
1
(C)
4
(D) 2
(E) 32

14. If 3(m + n) is even, then which of the following must also be even?
(A) m + n
(B) m
(C) n
(D) 3m
(E) 3n + 1

15. A number is a multiple of both 4 and 9. Which of the following is NOT a

possible value of the number?
(A) -540
(B) -324
(C) 126
(D) 144
(E) 360

16. There are 45 students signed up for the performance band, while 30 are
signed up for the jazz band. If 19 students are signed up for both bands,
how many students are signed up for only one of the bands?
(A) 11
(B) 16
(C) 37
(D) 56
(E) 75

17. Define a  b = 2a − 3b for all integers a and b. What is the value of −2  1?

(A) -7
(B) -4
(C) -1
(D) 1
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(E) 8

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 Numbers ❮ 5

18. Which of the following inequalities represents the same set as the set
graphed on the number line shown?

–1 0 1 2 3 4 5

(A) 0<x <3

(B) 0≤x ≤3
(C) −1 < x < 5
(D) −1 ≤ x < 3
(E) 0≤x <3

19. If the following numbers were ordered from smallest to largest, which
would be in the third position?
−2
 1 1
  , , 17 , π, 3
2 3
−2
 1
(A)  
 2
1
(B)
3
(C) 17
(D) π
(E) 3

20. If p and q are real numbers such that ( pq )2 = 4, then which of the following
statements must also be true?
(A) pq > 0
(B) pq = 2
(C) p > 1 and q > 1
(D) If p < 0, then q > 0
(E) If p > 2, then q < 2

21. For a real number m, (2m3 )4 =

(A) 2m 7
(B) 2m12
(C) 8m 7
(D) 16m 7
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12
(E) 16m

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7

22. What is the value of −2 x − 5 − −4 + 8 when x = 7?

(A) -12
(B) -4
(C) 7
(D) 15
(E) 23

23. For positive integers x and y, x + y = 21. What is the smallest possible
value of xy?
(A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 38
(D) 54
(E) 110

Use the following table to answer questions 24 and 25. It shows the class level of
the 500 students at Greenville High School.
Class Number of Students
Freshmen 125
Sophomores 80
Juniors 175
Seniors 120

24. What percentage of students at Greenville High School are seniors?

(A) 12%
(B) 14%
(C) 24%
(D) 40%
(E) 75%

25. If the fraction of students who are freshmen is represented using a circle
graph (pie chart), what should be the measure (in degrees) of the central
angle of that portion of the graph?
(A) 12
(B) 25
(C) 40
(D) 65
(E) 90

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 Numbers ❮ 7

26. For any real numbers a and b, (10a 2 )(5ab )(2ab 4 ) is equivalent to
(A) 100a 4b 5
(B) 100a 2b 4
(C) 17 a 4b 5
(D) 17 a 2b 4
(E) 17 a 9b 9
x +1
27. Let x ∆y = for positive integers x and y. What is the value of 7 ∆(−2)?
y
(A) -4
(B) -1
(C) 3
(D) 8
(E) 14
x
28. For a real number x, the expression is an integer. Each of the following
5
expression must also be integers EXCEPT
2
 x
(A)  
 5 
(B) 10 x
x
(C)
25
6 x
(D)
5
(E) − x

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9

29. The following chart represents the final course grades for students in two
math classes. What fraction of students in the courses received a final
course grade of A or B?

20
20

15
15
Number of students

10

5
5
3
2

A B C D F
Final grade

1
(A)
9
2
(B)
9
3
(C)
9
4
(D)
9
5
(E)
9
30. What is the value of 48 − 27 ?
(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 11
(E) 21

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 Numbers ❮ 9

31. Which of the following is equivalent to i 2 , where i is the imaginary

number?
(A) -1
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) −1
(E) −12

32. Which of the following values of x satisfies the inequality 26 < x < 50 ?
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 9
(E) 10

33. −2 −1 + 5 =
(A) -8
(B) -6
(C) 2
(D) 6
(E) 8

34. Which of the following is a rational number?

2
(A)
2
(B) ( 2 − 2)
2

100
(C)
5
(D) 3

(E) ( 3 + 3 )2

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11

35. If x and y are real numbers such that 0 < x < y 2 , then which of the follow-
ing inequalities must be true?
(A) x < y
(B) y > 0
(C) 3 x > y 2
(D) x < 1
(E) x < 3 y 2

36. What is the value of x + (− x )2 when x = -1?

(A) -1
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) 2
(E) 3
26
37. What is the smallest integer larger than ?
5
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
1
38. If 2− m = , what is the value of m?
8
(A) -4
(B) -3
(C) 1
(D) 3
(E) 4

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 Numbers ❮ 11

39. Using the following number line, which point satisfies the inequality
− x + 1 > 4?
A B C D E

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

40. Suppose that m is an even integer and n is an odd integer. Which of the
following expressions must be an odd integer?
(A) 2(m + n)
(B) 2(m + n) + 1
(C) mn
(D) 2(mn)
(E) 3(mn)
−2
 1 
41. Which of the following is equivalent to  3  for any real number m?
 4m 
1
(A)
8m
1
(B)
8m5
1
(C)
16m6
(D) 8m6
(E) 16m6

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13

42. The following circle graph represents the distribution of students in a local
high school. If there are 1000 total students in the high school, how many
more are 9th graders than 11th graders?
Distribution of students by grade level

24%

9th grade
45% 10th grade
11th grade
10%
12th grade

21%

(A) 500
(B) 450
(C) 350
(D) 120
(E) 100

43. Let a represent any positive integer. Which of the following is NOT larger
2
 1
than   ?
 a
(A) a
(B) a 2
1
(C)
a
2
 2
(D)  
 a
2
 1
(E)  
 2a 

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 Numbers ❮ 13

1
44. If 0 < x < 16 2 and x = 2m for some positive integer m, what is the value of x ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 6
(E) 8

45. Let P represent the set of numbers with a factor of 5, and let Q represent
the set of numbers that are less than 10 but larger than 0. Which of the
following numbers is in both sets?
(A) -10
(B) -5
(C) 2
(D) 5
(E) 8

46. Let a Ξ b = b 2 − a 2 + 1 for any real numbers a and b. What is the value of
(−2) Ξ (−3)?
(A) -12
(B) -4
(C) 3
(D) 6
(E) 14

47. What is the least common multiple of 12, 20, and 40?
(A) 60
(B) 120
(C) 480
(D) 800
(E) 9600

48. If 2m = 41, which of the following inequalities must be true?

(A) 1 < m < 2
(B) 2 < m < 3
(C) 3 < m < 4
(D) 4 < m < 5
(E) 5 < m < 6

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15

49. If p and q are real numbers such that p > 5 and q > 4, what is the smallest
integer larger than the product pq?
(A) 9
(B) 10
(C) 19
(D) 20
(E) 21

50. A number has three prime factors: 2, 3, and 7. Which of the following is a
possible value of the number?
(A) 12
(B) 14
(C) 49
(D) 81
(E) 84
3p
51. If = 81, which of the following statements must be true?
3q
(A) The sum of p and q must be 81.
(B) The difference of p and q must be 4.
(C) Both p and q must be integers.
(D) Both p and q must be positive.
(E) Either p or q must be positive.

52. For what values of a is the inequality a 2 ≤ a always true?

(A) a < 0
(B) a > 0
(C) -1 ≤ a ≤ 1
(D) a > 1 and a < -1
(E) The inequality is not true for any value of a.

53. There are 53 people signed up for a race on an upcoming Saturday, and there
are 21 people signed up for a race on an upcoming Sunday. If 12 people
signed up for both races, how many people are signed up for only one race?
(A) 9
(B) 41
(C) 50
(D) 62
(E) 74

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 Numbers ❮ 15

x+ y
54. The value of is an integer when y = 4. Which of the following is a
y
possible value of x?
(A) -16
(B) 2
(C) 9
(D) 15
(E) 26

55. If a set is defined as all numbers satisfying a given inequality, then which of
the following sets would NOT share any values with the set of values for x
satisfying −1 ≤ x < 5?
(A) −5 ≤ x < −1
(B) −5 < x ≤ −1
(C) 0 < x < 5
(D) 0 < x ≤ 5
(E) 0 ≤ x ≤ 5
y
56. Let x  y = for real numbers x and y. For what values of x is the value of
x
x  (−1) always positive?
(A) x > 0
(B) x < 0
(C) x > -1
(D) x < 1
(E) x > 1

57. If m is the number of distinct prime factors of 100, what is the value of
3m?
(A) 3
(B) 6
(C) 9
(D) 12
(E) 15

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17

58. For any real number a, (6a 5 )2 =

(A) 12a 7
(B) 36a 7
(C) 12a10
(D) 36a10
(E) 8a 3

59. Using the following number line, which of the following statements must
be true?
x y

–2 –1 0 1 2

(A) x − y < 1

(B) x − y = 1
(C) x − y > 1
1
(D) x − y <
2
1
(E) x − y =
2
60. The following table represents the number of town residents who live in
each district. If the total number of residents in the town is 650, how
many residents live in district 2?

District Number of Residents

1 147
2 ?
3 335
4 98

(A) 42
(B) 70
(C) 315
(D) 503
(E) 552

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 Numbers ❮ 17

3 5
61. Which of the following values of x satisfies the inequality <x< ?
2 2

9
(A)
2
20
(B)
2
25
(C)
2
29
(D)
2
31
(E)
2

62. If xy 2 < 0, then which of the following statements must be true?

(A) The value of x is negative, while the value of y is positive or negative.
(B) The value of y is negative, while the value of x is positive or negative.
(C) The sign of x must be the same as the sign of y.
(D) The sign of x must be different from the sign of y.
(E) The values of x and y must be the same.

63. If 3m = 1, which of the following is a possible value of m?

(A) -1
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) 2
(E) 3
|x|
64. Which of the following is equivalent to when x > 1?
x
(A) x
(B) x −1
(C) -1
(D) 0
(E) 1

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19

65. The remainder when an integer m is divided by 2 is 1. What is the remainder

when (m + 1) is divided by 2?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 4
x y
 1  1
66. What is the value of   −   when x = 2 and y = -1?
 3  2
17
(A) −
9
7
(B) −
4
1
(C) −
9
1
(D)
8
2
(E)
3
a
67. If the fraction is in simplified terms, which of the following CANNOT
25
be a factor of a?
(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 9
(E) 14
4m
68. If the value of is smaller than 1, which of the following MUST be
4n
true?
(A) m = 1
(B) n = 1
(C) m = n
(D) m < n
(E) m > n

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 Numbers ❮ 19

69. What is the value of (− x )2 − (− x ) when x = -2?

(A) -4
(B) -2
(C) 0
(D) 2
(E) 4
5
1 
70. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to  x 2 y  for all x and y ?
2 
1 10 5
(A) x y
10
1 7 5
(B) x y
10
1 10 5
(C) x y
32
1 7 5
(D) x y
32
5 10 5
(E) x y
32
71. If 3 and 2 are factors of a, which of the following must be a factor of 14a?
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 11
(E) 19

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