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Physics Investigatory-1

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14 views15 pages

Physics Investigatory-1

Uploaded by

papan9901
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

TOPIC : FULL WAVE


RECTIFIER

NAME: KRISHNA PRASAD


CLASS: 12TH
DIV: B
ROLL NO: 35
CERTIFICATE

Examination Roll No :

This is to certify that Master Krishna Prasad of Std.XII-


B,Roll No:35 studying in DAV Public
School,NewPanvel has completed his physics
investigatory project work on the Topic: Full wave
rectifier under my guidance and has submitted the
project to my satisfaction and it represents his bonafied
work during the year 2024-25.

Date: 18/10/2024

Subject Teacher Signature Principal signature

External Examiner Signature School Stamp


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my immense gratitude to


my physics teacher Om Prakash Yadav Sir for the help
and guidance he provided for completing this
project.

I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and


inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank
our school management, for providing us the
facilities and opportunity to do this project.

Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates who have


done this project along with me. Their support made this
project fruitful.
INDEX

CONTENT PAGE NO

Certificate 2

Acknowledgement 3

AIM 4

Introduction 5

Material Required 6

Circuit Diagram 7

Working 8

Graph 9

Application 10

Merits And Demerits 11

Bibilography 12
AIM

TO CONSTRUCT A FULL WAVE RECTFIER AND


SHOW THAT ALTERNATING CURRENT IS
RECTIFIED INTO DIRECT CURRENT
INTRODUCTION

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify


all the alternating current components in an alternating
supply and make it purely a direct current. The two
alternating halves of an alternation current are rectified
in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a half
wave rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand
very high voltage or alternating current due to its intense
high power. The use of batteries in all devices is not
practical as their replacement and durability is a huge
problem as the device has to be dismantled each time for
such a replacement. So, these rectifiers are used in most
of the electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and
Lightings etc.
MATERIAL REQUIRED

• Connecting wires
• A plug
• Single lead wire – 2m
• 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
• Circuit board
• A Transformer
• A capacitor
• A Resistor (1 K Ω)
• P-N junction diodes
• A LED
• Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connection details:

Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply


is given to both the input wires of the transformer and
the two ends of the secondary coil is given to the P side
of the two diodes and the N side of the diodes are
twined and then connected to one end of the capacitor
and the other end to the centre tap lead and to the
resistor. Further, the other end of capacitor with the
diode connect ion is connected to the other end of the
resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the resistor
to measure the output and this is connected to the +ve &
-ve terminals of the bulb.
WORKING
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps
down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a
capability of delivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts
A.C. appearing across the secondary is the RMS value
and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle
of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a
current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the direction S 1D1
ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is reverse biased.
So, it does not conduct any electric current. During the
next half cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is
reversed. Hence D2 conducts current in the direction
S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does not conduct any current. In
subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the above
processes are repeated.
Even though the voltage across RL is unidirectional it
will still contain a few A.C components. This is filtered
and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99%
of the A.C current. A resistor is then used to adjust the
output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C
components from the supply and resistance is adjusted
for the required output. As this is a simple circuit, only
one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there
will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the
output but it is negligible. The output Direct Current
and voltage light up the LED.
GRAPHS
APPLICATION

1. Because of their low cost compared to centre


tapped, they are widely used in power supply
circuit.

2. This can be used to detect the amplitude of


modulated radio signal.

3. Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized


voltage in welding.

4. In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.

5. These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic


devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings
etc.
MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:
• The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is
double of that of a half wave rectifier.

• The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency


in case of a full wave rectifier so simple filtering
circuit is required.

• Higher output voltage higher output power and


higher TUF in case of a full wave rectifier

• In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to


DC saturation of the core because the DC currents
in the two halves of the transformer secondary flow
in opposite directions

Demerits:
• Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and
is costlier.
BIBILOGRAPHY

• https://www.wikipedia.org/

• Goggle search engine

• www.youtube.com

• Physics NCERT of class 12th

• https://knowledgecycle.in/
TEACHER’S REMARK

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