A.

Vocabulary
Unit 4. Ethnic groups of Viet Nam

Word Type Pronunciation Meaning

costume n /ˈkɒstjuːm/ trang phục
feature n /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ đặc điểm
flute n /fluːt/ sáo
gong n /fəʊk/ cồng chiêng
highland n /ˈhaɪlənd/ vùng cao nguyên
livestock n /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ gia súc
minority n /maɪˈnɒrəti/ thiểu số
post n /pəʊst/ cột
soil n /sɔɪl/ đất trồng
staircase n /ˈsteə.keɪs/ cầu thang bộ
statue n /ˈstætʃuː/ tượng
culture n /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ văn hóa
n / faɪv ˈkʌl.ər ˈstɪk.i
five-colour sticky rice raɪs/ xôi ngũ sắc
lowland n /ˈləʊ.lənd/ vùng đất thấp
plantation n /plænˈteɪ.ʃən/ đồn điền
waterwheel n /ˈwɔːtəwiːl/ bánh xe nước
range n /reɪndʒ/ phạm vi
economy n /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ kinh tế
overlook v /oʊ.vɚˈlʊk/ nhìn ra
raise v /reɪz/ chăn nuôi
weave v /wiːv/ dệt, đan
enrich v /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ làm giàu
attend v /əˈtend/ tham dự
ethnic adj /ˈeθnɪk/ nhóm dân tộc
folk adj /fəʊk/ thuộc về dân gian
terraced adj /ˈterəst/ có hình bậc thang
wooden adj /ˈwʊdn/ bằng gỗ
mainly adv /ˈmeɪnli/ chủ yếu

Exercise 1. Match the words in column A to the correct meanings in column B.

A B
1. worship A. a metal disc that makes a loud deep sound when it is hit witha stick
2. stilt house B. a wheel for raising water to a higher level
3. waterwheel C.a group of people witha shared culture, tradition, language, history,
living in a country where most people are from a
different ethnic group
 4. fork dance D. a field that is on the side of a hill and divided into layers that look
like steps
5. communal house E. clothes that are typical of a particular place
6. ethnic minority F. a set of stairs inside a building, usually with a bar fixed on the wall
7. gong G. a house raised on piles over the surface of the soil
8. terraced field H. a traditional dance of a particular area or counted
9. costume I. the act of showing respect and love for God especially by praying
with other people who believe in the same God.
10. staircase J. the largest stilt house in the village where village ceremonies and
festivals take place

1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5._____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. ____

Exercise 2. Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words in

each of the following sentences.
1. Lee doen’t like conventional dressing. She prefers somthing modern and shocking.
A. new B. old C. social D. traditional
2. Sapa is well-known for its pristine rice terraces, cool mountain atmosphere, and
community of ethnic minorities.
A. rich B. successful C. rich D. famous
3. Not all women can do two jobs well at the same time: rearing children and working at
the office.
A. educating B. looking after C. homemaking D. giving a birth
4. The number of minority children going to school is going up.
A. increasing B. decreasing C. staying the same D. reducing
5. Gardening and hunting still play an important role in the economiy of the Laha.
A. convenient B. significant C. complicated D. developed
6. There is an open fire in the middle of the stilt house where family usually gathers and
receives guests.
A. contacts B. communicates C. gets together D. relates
7. Do you know when the Moon Worship Festival of the Kmer took place?
A. happened B. added C. deepned D. strugged
8. Nam Cang village locates at the most remote area of Sa Pa.
A. solitary B. modern C. abutting D. divided
9. In my book, it’s worse to run away from a fight than to start one.
A. In my retrospection B. In my subjection
C. As for my reading D. In my opinion
10. I have to go home early to get ready for the trip tomorrow.
A. go out B. get up C. prepare D. wake up
Exercise 3. Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined words in
each of the following sentences.
1. Gong is considered a unique musical instrument of Tay Nguyen people.
A. rare B. special C. typical D. common
2. She sent her son to a boarding school in the East.
A. high school B. secondary school C. day school D. primary school
3. Visitors, especially children, can go there to learn how to recognize
the different species of animals and plants.
A. pure B. same C. alike D. whole
4. The kids persisted with their soccer game even though recess was over.
A. continued B. stopped
C. insisted on D. resisted
5. Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the
same region.
A. Remain unstable B. fluctuate C. restrain D. stay the same
6. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encouter the good things in life.
A. well B. dead C. suviving D. sick
7. People climb a seven- or nine- step staircase to enter the stilt house.
A. elevator B. ladder C. chair D. garret
8. People are busy buying gifts, cleaning and decorating the house and cooking
traditional foods to welcome Tet holiday now.
A. modern B. important C. customary D. national
9. I like the local market best in Sa Pa.
A. ritual B. international C. cutural D. traditional
10. Stilt houses are made from natural materials like wood, bamboo, and leaves.
A. false B. enormous C. man-made D. expensive
Exercise 4. Complete the correct answer A, B, C or D.
1. The ________ house is a place where villagers gather for festivals and rituals.
A. terraced B. communal C. bamboo D. stilt
2. There were lots of interesting folk games, _______ Kenny stayed a little longer to join
them.
A. but B. because C. however D. so
3. ________ in terraced fields is the main economic activity of ethnic people in Sapa.
A. Fishing B. Rice cultivation C. Hunting D. Gathering
4. The Kinh have the largest number of people, ________ for 86% of the population.
A. holding B. talking C. accounting D. numbering
5. The highlands of northern Vietnam are home to the 1.5 million-strong Tay, ________
minority group.
A. Vietnam’s largest B. the Vietnam’s largest
C. a Vietnam’s largest D. the largest Vietnam
6. The Thai people raise a lot of poultry such as ___________.
A. chickens, ducks and buffalos C. chicken, buffalos and cows
B. chicken, ducks and geese D. ducks, geese and cows
7. The typical house type of the ethnic minority peoples is the __________house.
A. steel B. cottage C. silver D. stilt
8. I am very impressed with mua sap – a popular __________ of the Thai people.
A. lion dance B. folk dance C. modern dance D. jazz dance
9. A stilt houses is usually built of ________ and on ______ and beams.
A. bamboo, wood and leaves/ posts B. bamboo, cement, plastic/ columns

C. bamboo, gold and wood/ posts D. bamboo, cement, plaster/ columns

10. Nick would like to know something about the _______ groups of Viet Nam when he
visited the Museum of Ethnology.
A. culture B. cultural C. cultured D. culturolog
11. He is surprised __________that there are 54 ethnic groups in our country.
A. to understand B. to study C. to know D. look
12. The Viet people have many customs and crafts.
A. tradition B. traditional C. culture D. customary
13. Bang lives on the highland and he usually helps his parents ________ livestock.
A. raise B. raised C. hunted D. to find
14. Fishing and _________ still play an important role of the Khmer.
A. farming B. hunting C. weaving D. gathering
15. Many ethnic minority students have to __________a long way to theirschools every day
A. travel B. ride C. pass D. get
16. The Jrai use ________ to decorate houses for the dead.
A. leaves B. wood statues C. colorful pictures D. flowers
17. _______ play a dominant role in the Jrai family.
A. the men B. the oldest C. the women D. the men and women
18. Visitors find the Central Highland ___________.
A. attraction B. attractive C. attract D. attractively
19. Hmong is an ethnic .
A. minority B. area C. people D. region
20. In some ethnic groups, women are not __________ to sit on the bed in front of the alter.
A. allowed B. prohibited C. permitted D. both A & C
21. ______ takes place on March, when orchids and peach blossom everywhere in the
north-western region.
A. Mid- Autumn B. Ban flower Festival C. Lunar New Year D. Harvest Festival
22. In Vietnam, Festival is known as a festival for children.
A. Moon Worship Festival B. Mid- Autumn C. Tet D. Hoa Ban Festival
23. Like some other people, the Thai _______ their ancestors.
A. serve B. worship C. dislike D. hate
24. "Khen" is a instrument of the Central Highland.
A. traditionally B. tradition C. traditional D. trade
25. Among the ___________, the Tay people have the largest population.
A. group B. majorities C. ethnic minorities D. ethnic
26. The feature on their dress is ________ because I can’t find it anywhere else.
A. normal B. colourful C. diverse D. unique
27. The Lunar New Year festival is improtant _________ the Kinh.
A. to B. with C. for D. of
28. It’s very interesting for the people in the mountains _______ close to nature.
A. live B. to live C. living D. lived
29. Ethnic minority girls help their parents ________ the house, weave clothing and
prepare food.
A. look up B. look after C. look down D. look for
30. Ban Flower festival ________ on March 17th and _______ on March 19th.
A. started/ ended B. has started/ ended C. is starting/ ends D. starts/ ends
31. Would you like to add some more hot water ______ your tea?
A. up B. to C. in D. from
32. In the Central Highlands, the biggest and tallest house in the village is the
house.
A. communication B. community C. communal D. commune
33. ____ oldest man plays ____ important role in _____ Si La village.
A. the/ an/ the B. an/ an/ the C. the/ an/ x D. an/ the/ the
34. Lunar January is the time for important ________ in the whole country, especially in
the north.
A. ethnic B. heritage C. festival D. houses
35. Many ethnic groups have their own languages, and some even have
___________languages.
A. traditional B. important C. simple D. written
36. Many ethnic minority students are studying at boarding school. What is the opposite
of the underlined word?
A. predominance B. excellent C. majority D. typical
37. Still houses stand on strong posts to keep people safe from wild animals. What is the
closest word of the undelined word.
A. floors B. columns C. rocks D. woods
38. Ethnic people in Northwest provinces often grow rice on ________ in May.
A. terraced fields B. grasslands C. highlands D. lowlands
39. Kmer men teach their children how to _______ fish at an early age.
A. do B. catch C. raise D. eat
40. The moutain people in the Central Highlands use natural _____ to build a Rong house.
A. trees B. posts C. leaves D. materials
41. Many minority groups _____ cows and buffaloes for a living.
A. feed B. herd C. raise D. Milk
42. Many ethnic minority students have to __________a long way to theirschools every day
A. travel B. ride C. pass D. get
43. The Viet have the largest number of people, and 53 others are called ‘ethnic ________
A. cultural groups B. majority groups C. minority peoples D. local peoples
44. “Do you find it interesting to travel alone? “ – “ _____________________.”
A. Yes, you’re welcome B. Never mind
C. I see your point D. Well, it’s exciting
 Phrases Meaning
play an important role in đóng vai trò quan trọng trong
make from được làm từ vật liệu gì
allow sb to V cho phép ai làm gì
go down đi xuống, giảm
go up đi lên, tăng
communal house nhà rông
stilt house nhà sàn
bamboo house nhà bằng tre
musical instrument nhạc cụ
community meeting họp mặt cộng đồng
traditional culture truyền thống văn hóa
boarding school trường nội trú
farming technique kỹ thuật canh tác
open fire lửa
folk song dân ca
remote area vùng sâu vùng xa
industrial tree cây công nghiệp
ethnic group nhóm dân tộc

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

costume bamboo flute terraced field weave unique sticky rice
stilt house post gong livestock folk dance communal house

1. The _____________ of the Nung is not as colorful as that of other ethnic groups.
2. Thai cloth is well-known for being __________ , colourful and strong.
3. The Nung mostly live in ___________ though they also live in earthen houses.
4. Xoe and Sap are___________ of Thai ethnic minority people.
5. The ___________ is used as a place of worship and village festivities.
6. Sa Pa is famous for the ____________ located in the mountainous area.
7. Stilt houses which stand on strong __________ are made from natural materials like
wood, bamboo and leaves.
8. Workers __________ silk thread into beautiful shirts.
9. Five-coloured ____________ is an important dish of almost all ethnic minorities.
10. For the ethnic groups of the Centre Highlands,____________ are musical instruments of
special power.
11. She grows produce and raises ____________ on her wonderful smallholding.
12. The ____________ which has a blowing hole, a stop hole and finger holds is one of the
oldest woodwind instruments known today.
Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with the word in the box.

boarding school culture ethnic weave

costume
communal hunting folk festivals
1. The __________ house is the biggest house in the village.
2. The Hoa’s __________ is more colourful than the Nung’s
3. Which __________ group has a larger population, the Bru-Van Kieu or the Khmer?
4. Does the Yao have a rich __________ of folk literature and art?
5. Many ethnic minority students are studying at ___________
6. The ethnic minority people have their own ____________ and traditions
7. If you are interested in ethnic minority culture, you should really go to one of the
___________ in the northern mountainous regions.
8. Ethnic minority children learn how to __________ clothing from an early age.
9. I enjoyed ____________ with my dad when I was seven.
10. The _________ music and dance of ethnic minorities are representatives of the
traditional culture.
Exercise 7. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Many visitors come to the village because of its historical and ______________values
( CULTURE)
2. The village is famous for its ancient pagodas and __________ houses. (TRADITION)
3. Thai cloth is famous for being unique, __________and strong. ( COLOUR)
4. Do the Cham people live in the___________ provinces of the country? ( SOUTH)
5. Five-coloured sticky rice is a___________in many parts of Viet Nam. (SPECIAL)
6. If you go to Sa Pa, you should try some ____________of the local people sold at the
market (SPECIAL)
7. There are always regional __________ in every country. (DIFFER)
8. Viet Nam is a ____________country with different peoples, religions and traditions.
(CULTURAL)
9. Do villagers today dress____________as in the past? (TRADITIONAL)
10. Do you think the ethnic minority people have their own customs and ___________
(TRADITIONAL)
11. The dancers leading the procession were in colourful and elaborate ______________.
(COSTUME)
12. The ___________houses of many ethnic groups are used to worship the ancestors.
(COMMUNE)
13. Thai women are very skilled ____________and produce beautiful embroidery. (WEAVE)
14. The communal house is usually used for village _____________(FESTIVAL)
15. Red River Delta is an agriculturally rich area and densely _______________. (POPULATE)
16. Some regions in Central Highlands in Viet Nam are not _____________ (POPULATE)
17. Many ethnic groups managed to live together _______________. (PEACE)
18. The _______________of people in Vietnam belong to the Kinh people. (MAJOR)
19. The ____________ you can find in Sapa include the Hmong, Dao, and Tay. (ETHNIC)
20. Some of the _______________ have lived here all their lives. (VILLAGE)