CHAPTER 3 Matter—Properties and Changes

1. An 18-g sample of element A combines completely 7. During a chemical reaction, 4.032 g of hydrogen
with a 4-g sample of element B to form the compound combined with oxygen to form 36.032 g of water.
AB. What is the mass of the compound formed? How many grams of oxygen reacted?

2. A substance breaks down into three component 8. Nitrogen and oxygen combine to form different
elements when it is heated. The mass of each compounds, as shown below.
component element is listed in the table below. What
was the mass of the substance before it was heated?

What is the ratio of the masses of nitrogen in each of

3. Silver iodide powder has been used as an antiseptic the following?
and as an agent to seed clouds for rain. Silver iodide NO2/NO4____
is 45.9% silver by mass. If you separate a 50.0-g
NO/NO4____
sample of silver iodide into its elements, silver and
iodine, how much silver would you have? NONO2____

4. If 5 g of element A combines with 16 g of element B 9. Carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon
to form compound AB, how many grams of B are monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The
needed to form compound AB2? How many grams of masses of oxygen that combine with 12 g of carbon to
B are needed to form AB3? form these two compounds are 16 g and 32 g,
respectively. What is the ratio of the masses of
oxygen in CO2 /CO?
5. During a chemical reaction, 2.445 g of carbon reacts
with 3.257 g of oxygen to form carbon monoxide gas.
How many grams of carbon monoxide are formed in 10. Phosphorus and chlorine combine to form two
this reaction? different compounds. In one compound, 3.88 g of
phosphorus combines with 13.28 g of chlorine. In the
other compound, 1.32 g of phosphorus combines with
6. Ibuprofen has the chemical formula C13H18O2. It is 7.56 g of chlorine. Do these data support the law of
75.69% carbon, 8.80% hydrogen, and 15.51% multiple proportions? Show your work.
oxygen. How many mg of carbon does a 200.0-mg
tablet of ibuprofen contain?

Chemistry: Matter and Change 1 Supplemental Problems

11. Fluorine and xenon combine to form two different 13. The chemical formula for baking soda is NaHCO3. A
compounds. In one compound, 0.853 g of fluorine 168.02-g sample of baking soda contains 45.98 g of
combines with 1.472 g of xenon. In the other sodium, 2.02 g of hydrogen, 24.02 g of carbon, and
compound, 0.624 g of fluorine combines with 2.16 g 96.00 g of oxygen. What is the mass percentage of
of xenon. Do these data support the law of multiple each element in baking soda?
proportions? Show your work.
14. The chemical formula for chalk is CaCO3. A 100-g
12. Ferric chloride is 34.4% iron and 65.6% chlorine by sample of chalk contains 40 g of calcium, 12 g of
mass. A chemist analyzes three compounds that carbon, and 48 g of oxygen. What is the mass
contain iron and chlorine. Her results are summarized percentage of each element in chalk? What would be
in the data table below. Which of these compounds is the mass of calcium in 200 g of chalk?
likely to be ferric chloride? Explain your answer.
15. A 17.0-g sample of ammonia, NH3, contains 3.0-g of
hydrogen. What percentage of ammonia is hydrogen?
How many grams of nitrogen does the sample
contain?
Chapter 3 How many grams of carbon monoxide are formed in
this reaction?
1. An 18-g sample of element A combines completely
with a 4-g sample of element B to form the compound Massreactants  Massproducts
AB. What is the mass of the compound formed?
Masscarbon  Massoxygen  Masscarbon monoxide
Massreactants  Massproducts 2.445 g  3.257 g  5.702 g
MassA  MassB  MassAB
MassAB  18 g  4 g  22 g 6. Ibuprofen has the chemical formula C13H18O2. It is
75.69% carbon, 8.80% hydrogen, and 15.51%
oxygen. How many mg of carbon does a 200.0-mg
2. A substance breaks down into three component tablet of ibuprofen contain?
elements when it is heated. The mass of each
component element is listed in the table below. What Mass percentage of an element (%) 
was the mass of the substance before it was heated?
Mass of element

Mass of compound 100

Mass percentagecarbon  100

75.69% carbon  100

Massreactants  Massproducts  39.1054.9464.00
 158.04 g
75.69% carbon  Masscarbon
3. Silver iodide powder has been used as an antiseptic Masscarbon in the tablet  151.4 mg
and as an agent to seed clouds for rain. Silver iodide
is 45.9% silver by mass. If you separate a 50.0-g
sample of silver iodide into its elements, silver and 7. During a chemical reaction, 4.032 g of hydrogen
iodine, how much silver would you have? combined with oxygen to form 36.032 g of water.
How many grams of oxygen reacted?
From the conservation of mass, the mass of silver
recovered is equal to the mass of silver in the initial silver Massreactants  Massproducts
iodide sample. The amount of silver recovered would be Masshydrogen  Massoxygen  Masswater
50.0 g45.9%  50.00.459  22.95 g  23.0 g.
4.032 g  Massoxygen  36.032 g
Massoxygen  36.032 g  4.032 g  32.000 g
4. If 5 g of element A combines with 16 g of element B
to form compound AB, how many grams of B are
needed to form compound AB2? How many grams of 8. Nitrogen and oxygen combine to form different
B are needed to form AB3? compounds, as shown below.

Compound AB2 contains twice as much element B as does

compound AB. Therefore, 216 g  32 g.
There is 32 g of B in AB2. Compound AB3 contains three
times as much element B as does compound AB.
Therefore, 316 g  48 g. There is 48 g of B in AB3.

5. During a chemical reaction, 2.445 g of carbon reacts What is the ratio of the masses of nitrogen in each of the
with 3.257 g of oxygen to form carbon monoxide gas. following?
Answer Key (continued)
of xenon. Do these data support the law of multiple
NO2/NO4  ______
proportions? Show your work.
2

NO/NO4  ______

4

NO/NO2 ______

2

9. Carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon

monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The
masses of oxygen that combine with 12 g of carbon to
form these two compounds are 16 g and 32 g,
respectively. What is the ratio of the masses of
oxygen in CO2/CO?

 2

10. Phosphorus and chlorine combine to form two

different compounds. In one compound, 3.88 g of
phosphorus combines with 13.28 g of chlorine. In the
other compound, 1.32 g of phosphorus combines with
7.56 g of chlorine. Do these data support the law of
multiple proportions? Show your work.

First, find the mass ratio for each compound.

Compound I:   0.292

Compound II:   0.175

Then, compare the two mass ratios.

  1.67

These data are not consistent with the law of multiple

proportions. The law of multiple proportions states that the
different masses of Y that combine with a fixed mass of X
can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers, and
1.67 is not a whole number.

11. Fluorine and xenon combine to form two different

compounds. In one compound, 0.853 g of fluorine
combines with 1.472 g of xenon. In the other
compound, 0.624 g of fluorine combines with 2.16 g
Chemistry: Matter and Change 4 Supplemental Problems
Answer Key (continued)
First, find the mass ratio for each compound. Mass percentagechlorine  100
Compound I:   0.579
 100  62.8%
Mass F 0.624 g
Compound II: Mass  2.16 g  0.289
Xe
Mass percentagechlorine  100
Then, compare the two mass ratios.
 100  65.6%
  2.00

These data are consistent with the law of multiple Mass percentagechlorine  100
proportions. The law of multiple proportions states that the
different masses of Y that combine with a fixed mass of X
can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers, and 2  100  65.6%
is a whole number.
Compounds II and III have the same composition as ferric
chloride.
12. Ferric chloride is 34.4% iron and 65.6% chlorine by
mass. A chemist analyzes three compounds that
contain iron and chlorine. Her results are summarized 13. The chemical formula for baking soda is NaHCO3. A
in the data table below. Which of these compounds is 168.02-g sample of baking soda contains 45.98 g of
likely to be ferric chloride? Explain your answer. sodium, 2.02 g of hydrogen, 24.02 g of carbon, and
96.00 g of oxygen. What is the mass percentage of
each element in baking soda?

Mass percentagesodium  100

 100  27.36%

First, find the percent of iron by mass in each compound. Mass percentagehydrogen  100

Mass percentageiron  100

 100  1.20%

 100  37.2%
Mass percentagecarbon  100

Mass percentageiron  100

 100  14.30%

 100  34.4%
Mass percentageoxygen  100

Mass percentageiron  100

 100  57.14%

 100  34.4%
14. The chemical formula for chalk is CaCO3. A 100-g
Then, find the percent of chlorine by mass in each sample of chalk contains 40 g of calcium, 12 g of
compound. carbon, and 48 g of oxygen. What is the mass
Chemistry: Matter and Change 5 Supplemental Problems
Answer Key (continued)
percentage of each element in chalk? What would be
the mass of calcium in 200 g of chalk? Mass percentagecalcium  100

 100  40%

Mass percentagecarbon  100

 100  12%

Mass percentageoxygen  100

 100  48%

Mass percentagecalcium  100

Masscalcium   80 g

15. A 17.0-g sample of ammonia, NH3, contains 3.0 g of

hydrogen. What percentage of ammonia is hydrogen?
How many grams of nitrogen does the sample
contain?

Mass percentagehydrogen  100

 100  18%

Massreactants  Massproducts
Massnitrogen  Masshydrogen  Massammonia
Massnitrogen  Massammonia  Masshydrogen
14.0 g  17.0 g3.0 g

Chemistry: Matter and Change 6 Supplemental Problems