Questions

Q1.

A student uses this apparatus to investigate the force needed to pull a block along a ramp.

(a) (i) State the formula linking work done, force and distance moved in the direction of the force.

(1)

(ii) The student pulls the block 0.89 m along the ramp with a force of 26 N. Show that

the work done on the block by the 26 N force is about 23 J.

(2)

(iii) The block has a mass of 1.3 kg and moves vertically upwards 0.11 m.

Calculate the increase in the gravitational potential energy (GPE) store of the block between the bottom and
the top of the ramp.

(3)

increase in GPE = ........................................................... J

(iv) Explain why the work done to move the block along the ramp is greater than the increase in the GPE store
of the block.

(2)

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(b) The student suggests it is better to use a less steep ramp to raise the block through the same vertical
height.
Discuss an advantage and a disadvantage of using a less steep ramp.

(4)

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(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q2.

This question is about stretching a spring.

(a) The graph shows how the extension of a spring varies when a force is applied to the spring. The line on

the graph shows that the spring has been extended past its elastic limit. The line has a straight section and a

curved section.

(i) Draw a cross on the line to show the elastic limit of the spring.
 (1)

(ii) Sketch another line to show how the extension will change when the force is decreased from its maximum
value back to 0.

(2)

(b) (i) State which energy store of the spring increases when it is stretched. Assume the spring does not
reach its elastic limit.

(1)

............................................................................................................................................. (ii) How is

this energy transferred to the spring?

(1)

A electrically

B by heating

C mechanically

D by radiation

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q3.

When a meteor explodes, light waves and sound waves are produced at the same time. (a) (i) State

the formula linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.

(1)

(ii) A person standing 1860 m away from the site of a meteor explosion hears the sound of the explosion 5.6
s later.

Calculate the speed of sound in air.

(2)

speed of sound = ........................................................... m/s

(iii) A scientist stands a long way from the meteor explosion.

Explain why he hears the explosion at a different time to when he sees it. (2)
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............................................................................................................................................. (b) Sound

is a longitudinal wave.

Describe what is meant by the term longitudinal wave.

(2)

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............................................................................................................................................. (c) In 2013,

a meteor exploded above Russia.

Just before the meteor exploded, it was travelling at a speed of 19.2 km/s. The mass

of the meteor was estimated to be 1.25 × 107 kg.

(i) State the formula linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.

(1)

(ii) Calculate the energy in the kinetic store of the meteor just before the meteor exploded. (2)

energy in kinetic store = ........................................................... J

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q4.

A student uses this apparatus to investigate how the efficiency of an electric motor varies with its input
voltage.
This is the student's method.

connect the electric motor to a d.c. power supply and a joulemeter

attach a 1.0 kg mass to the electric motor using a length of string
set the voltage of the power supply to 10 V and switch on the power supply switch off the power
supply when the mass has been lifted through a distance of 50 cm record the input energy to the
motor from the joulemeter
calculate the energy transferred to the gravitational store of the mass
calculate the efficiency of the motor

The student repeats this process, setting the power supply to a different voltage each time. (a) State

how the student could improve the reliability of her results.

(1)

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............................................................................................................................................. (b) Give

two control variables for the investigation.

(2)

1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(c) Show that the gravitational store of the 1.0 kg mass increases by 5.0 J when it is lifted through a
distance of 50 cm.

(2)

(d) The table shows the student's results.

(i) Calculate the motor efficiency when the power supply is set to a voltage of 10 V. (3)

efficiency = ........................................................... %

(ii) Plot a graph of the motor efficiency on the y-axis against the power supply voltage on the x-axis.

(3)

(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.

(2)

(iv) Using the graph, determine the minimum power supply voltage that will allow the electric motor to
operate at maximum efficiency.

(1)

power supply voltage = ........................................................... V

 (Total for question = 14 marks)

Q5.

This question is about energy resources.

(a) The table lists some methods of generating electricity using energy resources.

Place ticks (
) in the table to show if each method uses a renewable energy resource. One has been
done for you.

(3)

(b) Solar cells can be used to generate electricity.

(i) How is energy transferred from the Sun to a solar cell?

(1)

A by heating

B by radiation

C electrically

D mechanically

(ii) State one disadvantage of using solar cells to generate electricity.

(1)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q6.
The diagram shows two blocks at rest on a table, viewed from above.

A spring is attached to the large block.

The small block is attached by a piece of string to a fixed point on the table. A student pushes the
two blocks together so that the spring is compressed.

(a) The
student releases the blocks.
The kinetic energy (KE) store of the small block is 0.29 J when the blocks are no longer in contact.

Show that the speed of the small block is about 6 m/s.

 (3)

(b) Using ideas about momentum, show that the speed of the large block is about 1 m/s after the blocks
are no longer
in contact.

(4)

(c) The small block takes 0.11 s to reach 6 m/s.

Calculate the mean force exerted on the small block by the spring.

(3)
mean force = ........................................................... N

(d) The small block then moves around the fixed point on the table.

The block moves in a circular orbit of radius 17.6 cm at a constant orbital speed of 6 m/s. The time

period of the orbit can be found using the formula

Calculate the time period of the orbit.

(3)

time period = ........................................................... s

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q7.

Diagram 1 shows a hydro-electric power station.

(a) Water falls from the upper lake and passes position X in the tunnel.
After falling to position X, 1.25 × 103 kg of water has 3.2 × 105 J of energy in its kinetic store. Calculate the

speed of the water at position X.

[kinetic energy =
× mass × speed2]

(3)
speed = ........................................................... m/s

(b) Water with a mass of 1.25 × 103 kg falls through a height of 45 m from the upper lake to the turbine.

(i) Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (GPE) store of the water between the upper
lake and
the turbine.

(3)

decrease in GPE = ........................................................... J

(ii) State how much work has been done on the water by the Earth.

(1)

work done = ........................................................... J

(iii) State the method of energy transfer required for this work to be done. (1)

............................................................................................................................................. (c) (i) State the

formula linking total energy output, useful energy output and efficiency. (1)

(ii) Diagram 2 shows a Sankey diagram for the generator in the hydro-electric power station. The

generator is designed to transfer energy electrically to the transformer.

Which of these is the correct expression for calculating the efficiency of the process shown in diagram 2?

Q8.
(1)

(Total for question = 10 marks)

 (a) The diagram shows a ball of dough, of mass 580 g, held at a height of 92 cm above the floor.

Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy (GPE) stored in the ball of dough when it is above the
floor.

(3)

GPE = ........................................................... J

(b) The ball of dough hits the floor and does not rebound.

Describe the energy transfers taking place from when the dough is dropped to after it has hit the floor.

You should refer to energy stores as well as transfers between energy stores at these stages.
before the dough is dropped
just before the dough hits the floor
after the dough has hit the floor

(4)

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(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q9.

(a) The boxes give some situations and some energy stores.

Draw one straight line from each situation to the energy store that decreases for that situation. The first one

has been done for you.

(4)

(b) Energy is
transferred when a filament lamp is connected to a battery. (i) Which method of energy transfer takes place
between the battery and the lamp? (1)
A electrical

B heating

C mechanical

D radiation
(ii) Which method of energy transfer takes place between the lamp and the surroundings? (1)

A electrical

B light radiation

C mechanical

D sound radiation

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q10.

The diagram shows a container of water.

The container has a heater in the bottom corner, a temperature sensor and a lid.

(a)
Explain how a convection current is formed in the container.
You may add to the diagram or draw your own diagram to support your answer. (4)

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............................................................................................................................................. (b) The

graph shows how the temperature sensor reading changes with time.

It shows the change in temperature when the container is full of water and when the container is empty.

(i) Describe the

relationship between temperature and time when the container is full of water. (2)
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............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Explain

the differences between the two curves on the graph.

(3)

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(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q11.

The photographs show two different breeds of cat.

Cat X has no fur and light-coloured skin.

Cat Y has thick, black fur.

Both cats have the same body temperature and transfer energy to their surroundings when they are outside
on a cold day.

Compare how cat X and cat Y transfer energy to their surroundings.

Refer to conduction, convection and radiation in your answer.

(6)

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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.

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