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5 Visual Reflexes Colour Vision and Eye Movement

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Albina Zainab P.T
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82 views35 pages

5 Visual Reflexes Colour Vision and Eye Movement

Uploaded by

Albina Zainab P.T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Light reflexes ,colour vision and

eye movement

Dr. Kalpana B
Professor
Dept. of Physiology
Yenepoya Medical College
At the end of this class students should be able
to:
• Trace the pathway for visual reflexes
• Discuss the colour vision: theories
• Explain colour blindness
• Enumerate the types of eye movement.

2
Competency
• PY 10.17: Discuss physiology of colour
blindness and light reflex

3
Visual reflexes
Light reflex

 Light is focused on one


eye, the pupils of both
eyes constrict – light
reflex
• Direct reflex https://images.app.goo.gl/ohQ3NAHXyon2Ls6y6
• Indirect reflex

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5
Accomodation reflex

 When the subject is asked to focus at distant


object and then asked to shift the gaze to near object

• Pupilary constriction of both eyes.


• Medial convergence of eye balls.
• Increase in anterior curvature of lens.

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7
Purkinje-Sanson images

• change in convexity of lens


during accommodation for
near vision.

Image adapted from AK Jain`s text book of medical physiology


8
Argyll Robertson Pupil

• Light reflex is lost -


accommodation reflex is
present.
• Lesion in Edinger-
Westphal
nucleus,diabetes and
alcoholic neuropathy.

https://images.app.goo.gl/itTuWg53UUtLCDfEA

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Color vision

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• Visibility range of vision-400nm-750nm
• Wavelength of spectral colours(VIBGYOR)
• Blue-450nm
• Green-535 nm
• Red -570nm

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Achromatic vision
• white color and no color has been assigned to it.
Chromatic vision
• Spectral colors vision and extra spectral color vision
Primary colors
• Red Green blue.
Complementary color

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Image adapted from AK Jain`s text book of medical physiology
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• Maximum sensitivity –scotopic vision-500nm-Green
• Photopic -560nm-yellow
• Purkinje shift
• Shifting of sensitivity.
• Seen towards evening.

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Theories of color vision

Thomas Young and Von –Helmholtz's theory(


Trichromatic color theory).

• Three different types of cones each containing a different


photosensitive pigment and maximum sensitivity to one
type of primary color.

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• Blue: 450-
470nm(Peak=445nm )-
cyanolabe
• Green: 520-
540nm(Peak=535nm)-
cholorolabe
• Red:500-
600nm(Peak=570nm) –
erythrolabe

Image adapted from AK Jain`s text book of medical physiology


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2Mullers doctrine of specific nerve energy theory

• There are specific nerve fibers with specific ganglion cells


responding to three primary colors.

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Granit’s dominator and modulator theory

Two types of ganglion cells:


• Dominators: Detects intensity of the light but not the color
• Modulators: respond maximum to a narrow wave length of
light.

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Hering ‘s opponent color theory

4 primary color: Red ,Blue, Green, Yellow

• Rand G oppose each other.

• B and Y oppose each other

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Single opponent theory
• Ganglion cells and cells of LGB

Double-opponent theory
• Cells of visual cortex

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Color blindness

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 Based on the Young Helmholtz theory of color vision

• 8%of males, 0.4% females

• Red and green color blindness is X linked.

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Classification
Monochromatism
• Total inability to perceive color.
• It is also called total color blindness.
• Very rare.
• Monochromats
• They can see black ,white and shades of grey.

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Dichromatism

 2%-affected males
• Appreciate only two colors.
• Dichromats.

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Trichromatism

 6%-affected males
Have three cone system.
• One cone system is defective.
• trichromats

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• Anomaly-colour weakness
• Anopia- colour blindness.
• Prot-red
• Deuter-green defective cone
• Trit-blue

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Eye movement

28
Image adapted from AK Jain`s text book of medical physiology
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Eye movements
• Conjugate Movement
• Saccadic movement
• Smooth pursuit movements
• Convergence and divergence
• Vestibular movements
• Nystagmus

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Visual evoked potentials
• RecordIng of electrical activities generated in
pathway from retina to visual cortex
• Scalp- Occipital cortex
• Diagnosis –optIc neuritis, optic atrophy color
blindness

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Summary

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REFERENCES
1. Comprehensive Textbook of Medical physiology (Vol
1 first edition)
G K Pal
2. Text book of medical physiology (Vol 2 6 th edition)
A K Jain
3. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition
4. Guyton and Hall’s textbook of Medical Physiology
13th edition
5.https://images.app.goo.gl/ohQ3NAHXyon2Ls6y6
6.https://images.app.goo.gl/itTuWg53UUtLCDfEA

33
Validation committee has
validated this presentation on

34
Thank You

35

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