Types of neural networks

Deep Learning models are able to automatically learn features from the data, which makes them
well-suited for tasks such as image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing.
The most widely used architectures in deep learning are feedforward neural networks, convolutional
neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs).
Feedforward neural networks (FNNs) are the simplest type of ANN, with a linear flow of information
through the network. FNNs have been widely used for tasks such as image classification, speech
recognition, and natural language processing.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are specifically for image and video recognition tasks. CNNs
are able to automatically learn features from the images, which makes them well-suited for tasks
such as image classification, object detection, and image segmentation.
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a type of neural network that is able to process sequential
data, such as time series and natural language. RNNs are able to maintain an internal state that
captures information about the previous inputs, which makes them well-suited for tasks such as
speech recognition, natural language processing, and language translation.
 Machine Learning Deep Learning

Apply statistical algorithms to learn the hidden patterns and Uses artificial neural network architecture to learn the
relationships in the dataset. hidden patterns and relationships in the dataset.

Requires the larger volume of dataset compared to

Can work on the smaller amount of dataset
machine learning

Better for complex task like image processing, natural

Better for the low-label task.
language processing, etc.

Takes less time to train the model. Takes more time to train the model.

A model is created by relevant features which are manually Relevant features are automatically extracted from
extracted from images to detect an object in the image. images. It is an end-to-end learning process.

More complex, it works like the black box interpretations

Less complex and easy to interpret the result.
of the result are not easy.

It can work on the CPU or requires less computing power as

It requires a high-performance computer with GPU.
Applications of Deep Learning :
The main applications of deep learning can be divided into computer vision, natural language processing (NLP),
and reinforcement learning.

Computer vision

In computer vision, Deep learning models can enable machines to identify and understand visual data. Some of
the main applications of deep learning in computer vision include:
● Object detection and recognition: Deep learning model can be used to identify and locate objects within
images and videos, making it possible for machines to perform tasks such as self-driving cars,
surveillance, and robotics.
● Image classification: Deep learning models can be used to classify images into categories such as
animals, plants, and buildings. This is used in applications such as medical imaging, quality control, and
image retrieval.
● Image segmentation: Deep learning models can be used for image segmentation into different regions,
making it possible to identify specific features within images.
Natural language processing (NLP):
In NLP, the Deep learning model can enable machines to understand and generate human language. Some of the
main applications of deep learning in NLP include:
● Automatic Text Generation – Deep learning model can learn the corpus of text and new text like
summaries, essays can be automatically generated using these trained models.
● Language translation: Deep learning models can translate text from one language to another, making it
possible to communicate with people from different linguistic backgrounds.
● Sentiment analysis: Deep learning models can analyze the sentiment of a piece of text, making it possible
to determine whether the text is positive, negative, or neutral. This is used in applications such as customer
service, social media monitoring, and political analysis.
● Speech recognition: Deep learning models can recognize and transcribe spoken words, making it possible
to perform tasks such as speech-to-text conversion, voice search, and voice-controlled devices.
Reinforcement learning:

In reinforcement learning, deep learning works as training agents to take action in an environment to
maximize a reward. Some of the main applications of deep learning in reinforcement learning include:
● Game playing: Deep reinforcement learning models have been able to beat human experts
at games such as Go, Chess, and Atari.
● Robotics: Deep reinforcement learning models can be used to train robots to perform
complex tasks such as grasping objects, navigation, and manipulation.
● Control systems: Deep reinforcement learning models can be used to control complex
systems such as power grids, traffic management, and supply chain optimization.
Challenges in Deep Learning
Deep learning has made significant advancements in various fields, but there are still some challenges that
need to be addressed. Here are some of the main challenges in deep learning:
1. Data availability: It requires large amounts of data to learn from. For using deep learning it’s a big
concern to gather as much data for training.
2. Computational Resources: For training the deep learning model, it is computationally expensive
because it requires specialized hardware like GPUs and TPUs.
3. Time-consuming: While working on sequential data depending on the computational resource it can
take very large even in days or months.
4. Interpretability: Deep learning models are complex, it works like a black box. it is very difficult to
interpret the result.
5. Overfitting: when the model is trained again and again, it becomes too specialized for the training
data, leading to overfitting and poor performance on new data.
 Perceptron:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-perceptron-the-
simplest-artificial-neural-network/