Smart cities run on smart power

By Marc Cram, BSEE, CDCD

DATA POWER AND CONTROL 2

EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
A cooperative effort between city governments and
private enterprise is leading cities to adopt the goal
of becoming “smart cities.” While the definition of
a smart city depends on who you ask, the common
understanding seems to be that a smart city
provides for the real-time monitoring and control
of the infrastructure and services that are operated
by the city, thereby reducing energy use, reducing
pollution, improving public safety, and improving
the quality of life for the citizens and visitors of the
smart city.

Smart cities require vast arrays of widely

distributed sensors and control devices dispersed
throughout. In turn, both wired and wireless
INTRODUCTION
networks are deployed to join the sensors and
In the early 1980s, the last of the Baby Boomers entered
control systems together. These systems gather,
college. Music was distributed through vinyl albums
store, and process data, and then widely distribute
and cassette tapes. News was communicated through
the distilled information in a timely fashion to the
newspapers, live television, and radio broadcasts.
point(s) where the information can be acted upon
Free over the air radio was the go-to source for news,
or consumed. Edge computing infrastructure
weather, and traffic information for most people.
handles time sensitive applications and data
Cellular phones were just a concept being explored.
aggregation, while private and public cloud
And personal computers went from being a hobbyist toy
infrastructure provides general purpose utility
to an essential commercial tool for word processing,
computing, big data analysis, and long-term
running small databases, and doing simple analytics
information storage.
through spreadsheets.
In smart cities, remotely managed power
Throughout the 1980s, the major cities around the globe
distribution provides a means of reducing power
experienced the pains of non-stop population growth.
consumption, resetting disparate hardware
By 1990, “Ninety percent of the population growth
systems, and providing localized environmental
occurred in metropolitan areas of more than one million
monitoring for both the control systems and the
people. For the first time, a majority of Americans lived
networking hardware that make a city “smart.”
in these large metropolitan areas.“ 1
This paper explores the critical role intelligent
power distribution plays in making “smart”
Today, 54% of all people globally live in cities, with
happen.
that figure expected to reach 70% by 2050.2 As of 2008,
there were more than 400 cities with a population over
1 million, and 19 cities with a population of over
10 million. India, China, and Nigeria are expected to
account for 37 percent of the world’s urban population
growth between 2014 and 2050.

1
http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/21/us/us-says-most-of-growth-in-80-s-was-
in-major-metropolitan-areas.html Edward Fiske, NY Times
2
http://www.prb.org/Publications/Lesson-Plans/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.
aspx
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 3

With a limited amount of space and resources, modern the number of consumers. Instead, the great bulk of
cities are struggling to provide their citizens with the it will come from their increasing incomes and
growing quality of life that they have come to expect. purchasing power. Large cities will account for 91
City planners have resorted to increasing the population percent of consumption growth between 2015 and
density per square kilometer to lessen the need for 2030.”5 “As of 2014, midtown Manhattan (New York)
growing the boundaries of the city limits. And they used more power daily than did the entire country of
push aggressively for improving the energy efficiency of Kenya.”6 One of the first tools to be deployed by the
everything that is plugged into the city’s electrical grid. cities are “smart grids” where electrical meters can
Streetlamps are migrating from mercury vapor to LED, be remotely read and have the ability to shed (turn off)
appliances are required to be Energy Star rated, offices excessive loads at times of peak demand.7
required to turn off their lights when not occupied,
thermostats set to higher temperatures to reduce the Reducing energy consumption is only part of the picture
energy demands arising from air conditioning systems. for Smart Cities. Incorporating more renewable energy
The adoption of renewable energy sources is mandated generation capacity along with a variety of energy
to lessen the need for the oil and coal consumption storage options is also a key focus of city planners and
that enable the transportation systems and electronic administrations trying to support the growing energy
systems of mobile citizens. Meanwhile, the adoption of demand being driven by population growth and the move
electric cars, electric bikes, and other electronic gadgets away from oil dependency for vehicles.
is placing additional demand on the existing power
generation facilities at a rate greater than efficiency Jack Gold, an analyst at J. Gold Associates, is quoted8
programs can offset, requiring additional power sources as saying that “’Smart City’ is one of those all-encom-
to be brought on line. passing terms that everyone defines however they
want.” Gold added, “The ultimate goals of smart cities
City planners and managers are seeking new ways to are power management, reducing pollution footprints,
change consumption patterns and behaviors of the increasing public safety, or offering improved services to
companies and people occupying the city to make the residents.”
city more sustainable and more socially equitable.3
“While (energy) consumption has typically been tied to 5
https://www.citylab.com/life/2016/04/big-cities-are-the-future-of-global-con-
population growth, a study4 (from McKinsey Global sumption/478128/
Institute) finds that just a quarter of global growth 6
https://www.fastcodesign.com/1679249/a-block-by-block-look-at-the-energy-
between 2015 and 2030 will come from a rise in consumption-of-new-yorks-buildings
7
https://www.usnews.com/news/energy/slideshows/10-cities-adopt-
3
http://www.rrojasdatabank.info/statewc08093.4.pdf ing-smart-grid-technology
4
http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/urbanization/urban-world-the-global- 8
Article by Matt Hamblen, Sr Editor, Computerworld - https://www.computer-
consumers-to-watch world.com/article/2986403/internet-of-things/just-what-is-a-smart-city.html
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 4

WHAT IS A TOP 10 SMART CITIES

SMART CITY?
According to Wordlbasel.in, here are the
Wikipedia takes a narrower view when it says “A smart most impressive Smart Cities globally.
city is an urban development vision to integrate
information and communication technology (ICT) and
Judged on the basis for the criteria of
Internet of Things (IoT) technology in a secure fashion aiming to give the best quality of life
to manage a city’s assets. These assets include local
departments’ information systems, schools, libraries,
to their citizens through the use of the
transportation systems, hospitals, power plants, water latest technologies while minimizing the
supply networks, waste management, law enforce-
ment, and other community services.”9
consumption of natural resources and
reducing costs:
For the purposes of this paper, a smart city is any
city that utilizes IoT and networking technologies to
manage power, manage traffic, manage resources,
and deliver a variety of improved services to its 1. Seoul
occupants. The smart city may incorporate the use of
both edge and cloud computing to handle the large 2. San Francisco
volumes of data generated, processed, and consumed
by the city as it operates each day.Here comes the 3. Hong Kong
fun part. The decision to deploy at a colo has been
made. Next decisions center around whether you will 4. Singapore
be taking gear out of your existing data center and
relocating it, or whether you will be deploying all new 5. Rio de Janeiro
IT hardware to the colo facility.
6. London
7. Stockholm
8. Chicago
9. Seattle
10. Vienna
9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 5

SYSTEMS, SENSORS
Recently developed sensors are adding to the wide
variety of data available to the cities:

AND NETWORKS
ƒƒ Building health (accelerometers, strain gauges,
tilt sensors that detect settling, wind, and earthquake
effects)
ƒƒ Facial recognition systems
ƒƒ Parking sensors that identify open parking spaces
ƒƒ Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide detectors
ƒƒ Seismic sensors
Just as the invention of the silicon transistor led to the
ƒƒ Gutter and street flood detectors
development of the integrated circuit, Moore’s law has
ƒƒ Flow rate sensors (inside individual pipes)
guided successive generations of chip development to
ƒƒ Trash and recycling bin status sensors
provide ever greater functionality in smaller packages
ƒƒ Proximity detectors
that consume less power per operation and cost less per
ƒƒ Crosswalk activity sensors
unit. Today’s microprocessors and microcontrollers cost
ƒƒ Metal detectors
pennies apiece, can be powered by a single cell battery,
ƒƒ Pressure sensors
and deliver wireless connectivity over a wide range of
distances and bandwidths. Engineers and Makers10
alike design these devices into an ever-growing range
of applications that provide measurement, monitoring,
and control capabilities found in products and services
throughout our everyday lives. When combined with
the appropriate sensors and power source, these
microcontrollers deliver a constant stream of data that
can be collected and analyzed to deliver both actionable
intelligence and granular control.
Metro/
Traffic Rail Datacenter
The most common sensor types deployed in smart cities
are: Lights
Infrastructure
Solar
ƒƒ Electric meters
Panels
ƒƒ Natural gas meters
ƒƒ Water meters
ƒƒ Thermostats
ƒƒ Occupancy sensors Apartment
ƒƒ Touch sensors
Building
Smart City Cars
ƒƒ Air quality sensors
ƒƒ Traffic cameras and pavement sensors
ƒƒ Security cameras Wind
ƒƒ Sound sensors / gunshot detectors Factory Turbines
ƒƒ Smoke and fire sensors
ƒƒ Card readers and access controllers House Power Station
ƒƒ Rain gauges and anemometers
ƒƒ Ozone detectors
ƒƒ Radiation sensors

10
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_culture
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 6

For most purposes, sensor data is of little value until it is ƒƒ Voting

gathered, processed, disseminated, and acted upon. The • Reporting violations of rules and regulations
“smart” in the smart city moniker refers to what happens • Augmented and virtual reality applications for guided
with the data that comes from the sensors throughout tours, guided repairs and the like
the city. ƒƒ API interface to natural language interfaces such as
Alexa, Cortana, Siri, and Google Now

Control Utilities

ƒƒ Traffic signs to re-route traffic, warn of accidents ƒƒ Electric meter system monitoring/billing/control
flooding, etc. ƒƒ Fresh water system monitoring/billing/control
ƒƒ Traffic signs that automatically update with “time to ƒƒ Waste water system monitoring/billing/control
destination” information ƒƒ Natural Gas system monitoring/billing/control
ƒƒ Traffic flow data sent to Google, Apple, Waze and city
management applications to suggest alternate routing
ƒƒ Maintenance / dispatch notices sent to trigger garbage Sensors report back to monitoring and control systems
pickup, bathroom cleaning, pipeline maintenance through a variety of networking technologies such as
ƒƒ Dispatch of emergency personnel for firefighting,
shots fired, traffic accidents, road repairs ƒƒ RFID
ƒƒ Automated pickup of garbage, recyclables, and yard ƒƒ NFC
wastes (sensors on street to tell that containers are ƒƒ Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
present and waiting for pickup, like www.bigbelly.com) ƒƒ ZigBee
ƒƒ Turn on street lights at various times and conditions ƒƒ LoRA and LowPAN / 802.15.4
ƒƒ Crosswalk monitoring / change of traffic signals / ƒƒ Wi-Fi
crosswalk flashers ƒƒ Ethernet LAN/MAN//WAN
ƒƒ Monitoring public pool chemistry and support systems ƒƒ Fiber optic
ƒƒ Re-routing internet traffic in the event a fiber or cable has ƒƒ Broadband over power line (BPL)
been cut ƒƒ 2G/3G/4G cellular
ƒƒ Coordinating aerial drone traffic routing
ƒƒ Building health monitoring
ƒƒ Scheduling of irrigation systems for sidewalk plants,
parks, and other common green spaces
ƒƒ Sharing of data for educational and research purposes
ƒƒ Turning off non-critical systems at schools and other
public buildings during times when they are not in use

Apps

ƒƒ Transportation guidance for pedestrians, cyclists, car

drivers, bus and train riders
ƒƒ Coordination of ride sharing and van pooling
ƒƒ Traffic alerts, wind alerts, air quality alerts, water quality
alerts, shots fired warning sent to smartphones
ƒƒ Display proximity to public drinking fountains, restrooms,
and other facilities
ƒƒ Direction to nearest ATM, subway station, bus station, etc.
ƒƒ Smartphone apps that show parking space availability and
reservation systems
ƒƒ Vehicle charging system location, availability, and reserva-
tion systems
ƒƒ Access control to public restrooms
ƒƒ Paying city bills

6 WWW.SERVERTECH.COM / WWW.RARITAN.COM
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 7

Figure 2: IoT Data Collection

Future connectivity may come in the form of wireless Federal regulations may require that some of the data
networks using a variety of protocols be summarized and reported up to the federal level.
Water usage, water quality, power usage and the like
ƒƒ 5G cellular all up at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for
ƒƒ Li-Fi example. Population data and trends go to the Census
ƒƒ LTE-U bureau. Crime data goes to the FBI. Temperature and
ƒƒ LAA (Licensed Assisted Access) precipitation data go to the National Weather Service.
ƒƒ MultiFire 11
With the prevalence of Application Program
Frequently these networking technologies require Interfaces(APIs) and other data interchange standards,
gateways, switches, or routers to be in proximity to there is no need for a human to be involved in the review
where the sensors are deployed. Depending upon the chain before data is passed along. The local gateways
application, some of the sensors may be deployed in a and databases can communicate directly with their
time sensitive control application. This means that they federal counterparts to keep systems up to date almost
may be distributed throughout the urban environment, in real time.
in edge or fog computing deployments. The systems
operate unattended by local human supervisors. In that .
case, they frequently report up through the network to
central monitoring points (NOCs, or network operations
centers). A macro view of the data coming from the
networks may also go to a cloud facility somewhere for
long term storage and analysis. For example, meter
readings, traffic data, etc. may all be processed by “big
data” or “AI” applications looking for patterns, trends,
and the like.

11
https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/technologies/lte/multefire
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 8

THE ROLE OF THE CITIZEN SENSOR

Data surrounds every individual today. Some of it is The typical smartphone has accelerometers,
deliberately generated (selfies, videos, phone calls), light sensors, cameras, microphones, GPS, and a
and some is collected from the individual (heartbeat magnetometer/compass. Communications into and
data, steps taken, location, websites visited, goods and out of the smartphone takes place via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
services purchased) whether they are conscious of it NFC, and cellular radios. Applications of many varieties
or not. The personal fitness tracker and the ubiquitous collect both the sensor data and metadata. For example,
smartphone combine to produce much of the data, with the Facebook app may be used to share a photograph
the smartphone providing the majority. And more than with friends, family and followers. But that photograph
60% of the world’s population today carry a smartphone. also carries with it information about the date and time
Collectively, smartphones represent the single largest it was taken, and may also carry GPS coordinates. If
source of data on what is going on with people globally. the photographic image contains a face, an algorithm
running at a Facebook data center will also perform
facial recognition and tag the friends present in the
photo.

THE CITIZEN SENSOR - AN URBAN CYBORG

DATA POWER AND CONTROL 9

Openly sharing the data from a smartphone helps

populate navigation systems with real time traffic
information (speed, traffic jams). It also can be used
POWERING THE SENSORS,
to monitor the condition of the roads themselves – to
automatically make note of pothole locations (a sharp jolt
on the accelerometer), for example.
SYSTEMS, AND NETWORKS
But smartphones are not the only tools that collect Beyond the sensors that we carry with us in our battery
the information that defines your existence. A visit to powered phones, the sensors of the smart city are
the doctor generates a flood of information pouring deployed in a wide variety of locations. Car presence
into an electronic health records (EHR) system. This in detectors on the pavement of the roads and parking
turn leads to billing systems and insurance systems. garages. Crosswalk presence detectors. Light sensors
When you are at home, your television watching habits in the street lights. Utility meters on the homes, offices,
may be monitored by your cable provider or by Netflix, and factories. Thermometers, ozone detectors, radiation
your electric meter tracks your appliance usage, your detectors, smoke detectors may be combined into a
telephone knows who you have spoken with, your “weather station” found on light poles and rooftops
thermostat tells if you are home and what room you throughout a city. Cameras and ultrasonic sensors may
occupy. Your doorbell knows when someone approaches be found at street intersections to detect vehicles and
the entry to your home, and automatically opens the lock adjust timing of the stop lights based on demand. Stop
for you and people you designate for authorized entry. light control systems are frequently found nearby in
Spotify knows the music you listen to, Apple knows the outdoor enclosures. See Table 1.
podcasts you listen to and where your photos are taken.
Local power generation by solar cells and fuel cells will
support those sensors that are not near utility power, or
where the city prefers not to have these loads present on
the grid. See Table 1.

As previously noted, getting data from these disparate

sensors requires a variety of connectivity solutions
to get data from the sensor to a point where it can be
processed, analyzed, and stored.

“Smart cities use technology to assist their residents, and data is a byproduct
of that effort. But who owns the data and how it’s used is up for debate, and it
often depends on where you live.” 12

Figure 3: Apple iPhone Sensors 13

12 https://insights.hpe.com/articles/smart-cities-who-owns-the-data-1705.html
13 https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Uncertainties-for-iPhone-X-production-over-3-D-sensor-issues
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 10

“…the city itself is reimagined and reconstructed

as a platform for and node within networked
information communication technologies.”

- Sadowksi and Pasquale,

“A Social Theory of the Smart City”

Power Grid Solar

Utility Meters Weather Stations

Buildings Flood Monitors

Street Lights Irrigation System Monitors

Traffic Signals Trash and Recycling Container Monitors

Parking Sensors 5G Linked Sensors

Surveilance Systems Highway Monitors

Crosswalk Sensors Mesh Wi-Fi Access Points

Access Card Readers

Table 1
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 11

THE CASE FOR REMOTE

LEGRAND IN THE POWER MANAGEMENT
SMART CITY IN THE SMART CITY
INFRASTRUCTURE
POE The growing number of sensors and systems deployed
throughout the smart city mean that city staffers must
oversee the installation, maintenance, and operation
of more products in more locations. Frequently the city
Intelligent Lighting employees rely on manufacturers to provide support.
When a city the size of Tokyo, Los Angeles, or Houston
implements thousands, or even millions, of sensors,
sending a person to troubleshoot every fault becomes
Occupancy Sensors both time consuming and cost prohibitive. Having the
ability to remotely or automatically reset the failing
sensor, device, controlling equipment, or network makes
good sense, as it saves both time and money through
Environmental Sensors avoiding the cost of dispatching a person and a vehicle to
a remote location to “hit the reset switch.”

Numerous city-managed systems are deemed “too

Access Control critical to fail.” Priority is given to traffic control signals,
for example, due to the potential for lethal impact
whenever traffic lights go out. Fresh water pumping
stations are another application that have a rapid impact
KVM for Remote System Access when they go down. Repeater stations used by first
responders to provide dispatch and emergency digital
communications are crucial to maintaining ambulance,
fire, and law enforcement services. However, getting a
Remote Power Management service person on site whenever these systems have
glitched, frozen, or otherwise gone offline may not be
practical. Timeliness is essential and having the ability
for the city’s central monitoring point to remotely reset
Eliot - Electricity and IOT the failing hardware can dramatically improve the
perception by the city’s populace that the city is “on top
of things.”

Partnerships with Samsung, Amazon, Cisco,

and Google ‘“… if an entire city has an “operating system”,
what happens when it goes wrong? The one thing
that is certain about software is that it crashes.
Legrand brands include: The smart city, according to Hollis, is really just a
On-Q, Nuvo, Racklink, Luxul, WattStopper, “perpetual beta city”.’
Intuity, Raritan, Server Technology,
Middle Atlantic, Pass & Seymour Steven Poole, theguardian.com
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 12

As a first line of defense, remote monitoring of the power being supplied to sensors, gateways, and control systems is
a “must have” for ensuring system uptime and reliability. Depending on the application, gateways and control systems
may be located on shelters (huts), on rooftops, in NEMA enclosures, or within IDFs within a nearby building. The EMX
and SRC families from Raritan, a brand of Legrand, are ideal solutions where monitoring of systems is all that is
required. These units support remote monitoring of doors, IP-based cameras, environmental sensors for temperature,
humidity, smoke, floor mount leak detectors and air pressure. They can also interface to card-controlled rack and door
locks for remote access control. Through a partnership with PowerShield, the Raritan EMX and SRC are able to provide
data on lead-acid batteries used as UPS and standby power applications like those found in telecom infrastructure.

SITE MONITORING SOLUTION

LEGRAND PRODUCTS

Monitored Sensor EMX2-888

KVM

DC Power and PDU

AC Power and PDU

Racks & Cabinets

Fiber, Copper Conn.

www.Raritan.com/sitemonitor

Figure 4: Raritan Site Monitoring Solution

DATA POWER AND CONTROL 13

Displays like the one pictured in Figure 5 below are a Figure 6 is a -48VDC PDU from Server Technology that
common sight in airports and train stations where status offers remote power measurement and remote power
screens are frequently left on around the clock, and the switching for up to 15kW of power.
systems driving the displays may be located remotely
or even off site from the display. An intelligent PDU with
switching capability (remotely managed) can help reset
the systems that drive this display

Figure 6 is a -48VDC PDU from Server Technology that

offers remote power measurement and remote power
switching for up to 15kW of power.

Figure 6: -48VDC PDU from Server Technology

Also available from Server Technology are a wide

variety of 1U and 2U PDUs suited to most small cabinet
applications where remote power monitoring and remote
outlet switching are needed. The Figure 7 below shows
our patented High Density Outlet Technology (HDOT).
Figure 5: Frozen Airport Display
Not pictured are ports for ethernet, temperature and
humidity probes.
Using network-accessible remotely monitored and
managed power distribution units (PDUs) can help bring
the stop light systems up in the proper order, monitor
the temperature and environmental conditions within the
cabinet or enclosure housing the stop light controllers,
and detect whether a vandal has opened the doors to the
cabinet by detecting the status of dry contact closures.
Figure 7: 208V AC PDU from Server Technology
Having infrastructure that is powered by intelligent PDUS
also provides a path to reduced energy expenditures by
Other AC PDUs from Server Technology offer our latest
turning off assets that do not need to remain on when
innovation, the HDOT CX outlet that is suitable for
they are not in use. For example, city buildings such as
replacing both C13 and C19 outlets in most applications.
libraries, schools, and museums can all be powered
down when not in use, saving money and being “greener” See Figure 8.
for the environment.

Whether your infrastructure is AC-powered or

DC-powered, there is a Legrand power distribution
unit available from Server Technology or Raritan that is
suited to your application. We offer remotely managed
intelligent power products capable of supporting loads
up to 100kW.

Figure 8: HDOT Cx OutletsT

DATA POWER AND CONTROL 14

The Raritan brand of PDUs feature the Xerus platform

and our top of the line NIC for state of the art usability,
reliability, and flexibility.

Intelligent power products require mission-critical

connectivity to maximize their usefulness. This is where
working with Legrand makes your life easier, because we
provide more of what you need to meet the expectations
of your most demanding clients and citizens. With a full
range of the highest quality, most reliable connectivity
infrastructure in the industry, Legrand brings together
more of what it takes to keep your Smart City running
smoothly.

Legrand offers fiber and copper connectivity through

their Ortronics and Quiktron brands. We also offer
rack systems, cabinets, cable raceways, cooling and
containment solutions for your most demanding
applications.
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 15

CONCLUSION
10 STEPS TO A
SMART CITY
Smart Cities take advantage of the power of harnessing
data to make day to day living comfortable, convenient,
and efficient. They seek to help their citizens achieve
meaningful, exciting lives rather than implementing
technology for its’ own sake. Putting information and
services in the hands of the population gives the citizens
a sense of participation and belonging to the community,
while concurrently enabling the city administrators to
1. Strong public-private partnerships run the systems that keep the trains, planes and buses
on time, the traffic moving, and the utilities up and
running.
2. Data openness and third-party “Anticipated benefits of smart city solutions include
collaboration cost savings from operational efficiencies; optimizing
use of resources; improved government services
and interaction for citizens; better stream of data to
3. User-first information resources improve decision-making; and the opportunity to attract
tech-savvy workers and businesses.”
for public services
“The next phase of smart cities growth will be contingent
on expanding the depth and breadth of expertise among
4. Free, citywide internet connectivity government IT staff and, as challenging as it may be, to
expand their workforce,” said Tim Herbert, senior vice
president, research and market intelligence, CompTIA. 14

5. Smart kiosks With the breadth of sensors (IoT), systems (edge

computing), and networks (5G) that go into making the
Smart City “smart,” it is imperative that the architects
6. Smart public transport and designers provide for an efficient means of remotely
monitoring and resetting the underlying hardware to
minimize downtime, avoid costly truck rolls, and ensure
the satisfaction of the citizens relying on the use of
7. Getting smart on public safety those systems. Working with trusted partners that are
Power Strategy Experts such as the Raritan and Server
Technology brands of Legrand to power the sensors,
8. Green, sustainable solutions systems, and networks of the City, is just plain smart.

9. Digital voting systems

IoT Edge 5G
10. Prepare for autonomous vehicles and
the sharing economy DPC
Edge Edge
Source: Smart Cities Summit
Smart Cities
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 16

WHY SERVER TECHNOLOGY

Server Technology’s power strategy experts have provided power solutions for
labs, data centers, branch offices and telecommunications operations for 30 years.
Over 60,000 customers around the world rely on our cabinet power distribution units
and award winning power management solutions to reduce downtime,facilitate capacity
planning, improve energy utilization, and drive efficiency. With the best quality, best technical
support and most patents, Server Technology products provide uncompromising reliability,
innovation, and value for the datacenter.

Only with Server Technology will customers Stay Powered, Be Supported and Get Ahead.

WHY RARITAN
Raritan, a brand of Legrand, delivers more than 30 years of innovation and experience from the data center market
to your IoT and smart city network operations centers. Our products remotely monitor every critical aspect of your
gateways and edge data centers:

ƒƒ Remote Access & Control to Reduce On-site Maintenance

ƒƒ AC & DC Power Management
ƒƒ Technology Extensions to Virtually Any Internal Applications with our Xerus Platform

See for yourself how Raritan can help you reliably deliver power, access, and control for your smart city applications.

WHY LEGRAND
At Legrand, we deliver access to power, light and data to millions of spaces around the world.

www.legrand.us

Server Technology Inc. (775) 284-2000 Tel Raritan Americas, Inc. (732) 764-8886 Tel
1040 Sandhill Road (800) 835-1515 Toll Free 400 Cottontail Lane (800) 724-8090 Toll Free
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sales@servertech.com sales@raritan.com

©2019 Server Technology, Inc. Version 02/13/2019. Sentry and Server Technology are registered ©2019 Raritan Inc. All rights reserved. Raritan® is a registered trademarks of Raritan Inc. or its
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markets; for more information visit our website at www.servertech.com in 1985. Today, as a brand of Legrand, we are a leading provider of intelligent rack PDUs. Our
solutions increase the reliability and intelligence of data centers in 9 of the top 10 Fortune 500
technology companies. V1262
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 17

REFERENCES
World Smart City Community https://www.worldsmartcity.org/

Amsterdam Smart City – https://amsterdamsmartcity.com/

Celsius Smart Cities – http://celsiuscity.eu/

Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city

Smart City Roadmap

Smart Cities and Data - https://insights.hpe.com/articles/smart-cities-who-owns-the-data-1705.html

A Social Theory of the Smart City

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/dec/17/truth-smart-city-destroy-democracy-urban-thinkers-buzzphrase

Beyond Lights-Out: Future Data Centers Will Be Human Free – Andrew Donoghue, Sep 2019 -http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/design/
beyond-lights-out-future-data-centers-will-be-human-free

https://theurbantechnologist.com/2015/02/15/6-inconvenient-truths-about-smart-cities/

http://www.zdnet.com/article/huawei-launches-demo-smart-city/

San Diego to Deploy World’s Largest Smart City IoT Platform with Current, powered by GE - http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/san-diego-
deploy-worlds-largest-smart-city-iot-platform-with-current-powered-ge-2197840.htm

Brightening Nigeria’s future with Microsoft IoT and Schneider Electric - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/internet-of-things/customer-stories#sm
artcities&schneiderelectric

https://www.computerworld.com/article/2986403/internet-of-things/just-what-is-a-smart-city.html?page=2

http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2016/04/26/what-is-a-smart-city

https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/21080123-2271-4BFE-A594-752C9EDB3F45/0/TrafficSignalLayoutandConductorTermination42005.pdf

https://www.safetran-traffic.com/cabinets/

https://government.cioreview.com/cioviewpoint/it-revolutionizing-smart-city-solutions-nid-12288-cid-30.html

https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/technologies/1000x/spectrum/unlicensed

https://www.theconnectedcar.com/author.asp?doc_id=736883&itc=newsletter_theconnectedcarletter&utm_source=newsletter_theconnectedcar_
theconnectedcarletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=10052017

https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/design/communications/wireless-monitoring-airport-fuel-tank-farms-optimise-operations-2017-10/

http://www.cio-today.com/article/index.php?story_id=012001GM1S00

http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-fitbit-key-fob-pacemaker-crime-20171009-story.html

http://www.mouser.com/empowering-innovation/smarter-cities/?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=elq-17.1010-eit-smartercities-5-en&utm_
source=eloqua&subid=d13622cffcd1438bbb14723f2d44dbc4&utm_content=6053011
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 18

APPENDIX 1
As of 2014, Fast Company thinks that the smartest cities in the world were

1. Barcelona
2. Copenhagen
3. Helsinki
4. Singapore
5. Vancouver
6. Vienna
7. Brisbane
8. Los Angeles
9. Montreal
10. Bogota
11. Lima

Internet of Things Institute – www.ioti.com/smart-cities/world-s-5-smartest-cities

In 2016, the IoT Institute Ranks the top 5 cities as being

1. Singapore
2. Barcelona
3. London
4. San Francisco
5. Oslo
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 19

APPENDIX 2: ROADMAP FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART CITY

http://www.academia.edu/21181336/Smart_City_Roadmap

http://www.academia.edu/21181336/Smart_City_Roadmap
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 20

APPENDIX 3: SMART STREET LAMPS

Street lights could carry a multitude of roles for the Smart City. Amongst the many functions they could perform are

ƒƒ Weather station – wind speed and direction, rainfall gauge, temperature, humidity, barometric pressure
ƒƒ Flood monitor
ƒƒ Mesh wireless access point
ƒƒ Traffic monitor
ƒƒ Gunshot monitoring
ƒƒ Cry for help monitoring
ƒƒ Cross walk monitoring
ƒƒ Citizen tracking (what smartphones are nearby…)
ƒƒ Spectral output/intensity control/power load/ based on time of night, RF field intensity measurement
ƒƒ Information display

“Smart Grid” Streetlight

App Based • Photocell Control
Wireless Control • 0-100% Dimming
• On-Demand Light Levels
Wireless Dual Band
Mesh Transciever RGBA Notification
(indicator light)
Concealed Placement
Speaker (CPS)TM Digital Signage*
• Music • Way Finding
• Announcements • Traffic Direction
• Alerts • Alert Notification
• Civic Info
• Revenue Gen via Ads

Smart St. Digital Street Sign

Façade Lighting

Image Sensor*
• Proximity Sensors
Environmental
• Pedestrian Counter
CBRNE Sensors*
Selsmic Sensors
Push to Talk System
“Blue Emergency Light”

Water Detection

https://www.slideshare.net/SaNaLKuMaR17/iot-for-smart-city-59762552
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 21

APPENDIX 4: SMART BUILDINGS

https://www.slideshare.net/SaNaLKuMaR17/iot-for-smart-city-59762552
DATA POWER AND CONTROL 22

APPENDIX 5: UNANSWERED QUESTIONS

There are many other potential technologies to be developed and deployed to support Smart Cities. The expectations
around Smart City infrastructure and the services derived from it will evolve over time. The author of this paper is left
with many unanswered questions, such as:

ƒƒ Will smartphones be used as access credentials for applications beyond hotel rooms? Would they be used for public
restrooms? For public buildings? For public transportation?
ƒƒ Will agricultural robots/sensors/harvesters be used for urban food production?
ƒƒ Will the programs that run everything be like the programs in The Matrix, where older programs are put out to pasture by
newer ones?
ƒƒ What role will Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, smartphones, edge computing play in the Smart City?
ƒƒ What are the ramifications for RF spectrum/bandwidth?
ƒƒ What will change for the citizens of smart cities versus other cities?
ƒƒ Will there be a “race to the top?” between cities worldwide?
ƒƒ What will the smart city do for other human necessities – food, clothing, medical care, shelter? What becomes of the homeless
and the poor? Gentrification/classes?
ƒƒ What happens to education in a smart city – will it centralize? Decentralize?
ƒƒ What are the occupations of people in Smart Cities?
ƒƒ What role does the city, state, national government play in enabling/creating/maintaining a Smart City?
ƒƒ What industries support a Smart City? Where do other industries go if they are not in a Smart City?
ƒƒ Does the Smart City serve the government, or vice versa?
ƒƒ Are smart cities “fun?” Are they technology hubs, or are they art colonies? Are they just surveillance engines?
ƒƒ Will government oversight/control of everything be accepted?
ƒƒ How will it all be paid for?
ƒƒ Will there be an alternative form of currency that supports the “Smart City?”
ƒƒ How is the information collected and used at the local, county, state, and country? Does the city have to share with other
governments?
ƒƒ Must utilities share their information with law enforcement?

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