1 Fig.

6.1shows the alimentary

canalsof two bat,whichisa carnivore,
mammals, an insect-eating
and a rabbit,whichisa herbivore.

0 10
Cm

-W
2
cm

insect-eating
bat rabbit

Fig.
6.1

(a) Name theorganslabelled

V and W.

[2)

(b) Explainthe roleof mechanicaldigestion.

[3
Scientists
investigated digestion species
indifferent of mammal. The mammals thatthey studied
rangedin sizefrom an elephantshrew,Elephantulus edwardi,with a mass of 50 g to an ox, Bos
taurus,with a mass of 220 kg.

added indigestible
The scierntists to the animals'
particles foodand timedhow long the particles
stayedinthedigestivesystem.

The resultsfor24 different

mammal species
areshown in Fig.6.2.

160

140

120

100
time in
digestive 80
system
/hours
60

40

20

0E 0.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
relative
body mass/arbitraryunits

6.2
Fig.
(c) The scientists
concludedthatfoodstayslongerinthedigestive
systems of largermammals
compared with smallermammals.

Discusstheevidencefrom Fig.6.2forand againstthe statementthatfoodstayslongerinthe

digestive
systensof largermammals.

[4]

[Total:
9]
2 3.1shows partof thethoracicand abdominal cavities
Fig. of a human.

thoracic
G
cavity

J
K

N abdominal
cavity

3.1
Fig.

G,H and M.
(a) (i) Name the structureslabelled

H
MS

[3]
 (ii)Table3.1shows fivefunctionsof organs inthe abdominalcavity.

Completethetableby:

namingthe organ thatcarriesout each function

from Fig.3.1
using the letters theorgannamed.
to identify

One row has been completedforyou.

Table3.1

function name 3.1

from Fig.
letter

conversionof glucoseto glycogen

secretion and glucagon

of insulin pancreas K

absorptionof productsof digestion

storageof bile

chemicaldigestion
of proteininan
acidic
pH
[4]

(b) Fat is particularly to digestas

difficult it is not watersolubleand forms spherical
globulesin
the alimentarycanal.

Fig.
3.2isa diagramshowing what happens to fat globuleswhen mixed with bile.

fat globules

Fig.
3.2

(i) Name the processshown inFig.

3.2.

..[1]
3 (a) Describehow food is moved alongthe small intestine.

[2]

(b) The smallintestine

islined
by many villi.

Fig.5.1
shows a longitudinal
sectionof a villus.

Fig.
5.2shows a cross-section at V- W.
of the same villus

The diagrams are not drawn to thesame scale.

V W

microvilli

cellT

Fig.
5.1 Fig.
5.2
 P.Q.and
(i) Name structures R.
P

R (3

(iü) The bloodthatflowsfrom S entersa vein.

Name theveinthattransports
bloodaway from the small intestine.

[1]

CellT isan example of the cellsthatform the surfaceof the villi.

(iii)

on cellT.
Explainwhy thereare many microvilli

(iv) Some of the cellson the surfaceof the villi

secretemucus forprotection.

need to be protectedagainst.
Suggest what the villi

[21

[Total:
10]
4 The alimentarycanalisadaptedforchemicaland mechanicaldigestion.

(a) Explainhow chemicaldigestiondiffers

from mechanicaldigestion.

[31

Fig.5.1isa diagramof the human alimentarycanal.

D
H

F
Fig.5.1
(b) Table5.1shows fourfunctions
of thealimentary
canal.

Completethetableby:

namingthepartof the system thatcarries

outeach of thefunctions;

from Fig.
usingtheletters 5.1to identify
the part of the system named.

One row has been completedforyou.

Table5.1

function name of part letter 5.1

from Fig.

produces bile liver

most solublefoodis absorbed

intothe blood

food isegested
indigestible

acidisproduced
hydrochloric

protease,lipase
and amylase
are produced
[41