ACCEPTABILITY OF EMBEDDED RFID IN STUDENTS’ AUTOMATED

ATTENDANCE AND INSTANT PARENTS NOTIFICATION AT CENTER FOR

POSITIVE FUTURES MONTALBAN CAMPUS

In Partial Fulfilment on the Requirement in Practical Research 2

Is Presented to:

Mr. Leozaldy Cabaya Hubo, LPT

Presented by:

Fortes, Kristelle Anne T.

Lazaga, Ronier B.

Salmon, Jerus Luke C.

S.Y : 2024-2025
 1

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Attendance of students is essential, particularly within the school. At times,

it may be inaccurate. In this generation, Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) is evolving. There were several changes, particularly when the

COVID-19 pandemic started. There have been significant changes in schools,

such as the ability to use RFID to scan attendance sheets rather of manually

checking them. This is because information technology gets better with each

generation, improving systems and materials that is used in technologies, which

is great because these helps people to make their tasks faster that saves

peoples’ time.

Advisory no. 155 s. 2022, also known as Classnote Safe Pass Attendance

System.

The Pivot Edutech Solutions offers the Classnote Safe Pass Attendance

System to interested public schools. This is a technology that is made to help

improve and automate the attendance checking and recording system in schools

as they slowly transitions to the new normal. It includes an RFID card, an

attendance device, and the Classnote mobile application which can be used as a

communication channel.

The improvement of technologies made schools enabled to create

changes such as putting RFID to Students’ ID for the automated attendance.

 2

With the instant notification assuring the parents’ of every student that they have

arrived the school premises safe and sound.

According to Qureshi (2020), the current attendance methods have a

number of disadvantages, including being time-consuming, prone to errors,

unable to contact parents or guardians, inefficient due to roll call and manual

attendance taking, and truancy issues. The suggested RFID-based attendance

system will offer automatic, reliable, and secure attendance.

Parents are able to verify that their children attended school by using an

RFID-based attendance system and real-time parent notifications. As for the

drawbacks, fixing it is a tremendous pain, particularly if you have a lot of work to

do. Utilizing the latest, cutting-edge technologies can simplify chores and greatly

benefit individuals who frequently face difficulties.

Based on the study of Rade et. al (2022), the traditional, manual technique

of marking attendance, which is time-consuming, requires more time to prepare,

record, and calculate each understudy's average attendance. The old method is

more prone to human mistake and requires a significant amount of paperwork.

When there are many students in the classroom, the usual method of

recording attendance may not be reliable. This may make it difficult to verify

whether every student is there. With the usage of embedded RFID/RFID-based

attendance with instant parent notifications, students’ attendance is quickly

recorded with a simple scan. Teachers will have less stress, and
 3

parents/guardians will receive a direct message informing them that their children

have arrived safely and are currently on school property.

According to Bharathy et. al (2021), an essential component of any

organization is attendance. Many businesses, colleges, and schools use paper-

based attendance records. Error rates are considerable when paper-based

attendance is taken into account. This problem can be resolved using technology,

and in the process, the need for paperwork will be reduced.

Students, employees, parents, instructors, and others who utilize

technology believe that it is highly helpful these days. It is impossible to prevent

paperwork errors or attendance sheet loss. Failure to double-check the

documents or sheets can lead to serious issues. Students can be tracked by their

teachers, parents, and guardians using technology.

As stated by El Mrabet & Moussa (2020), staff members in charge of

education and administration must figure out a technique to efficiently track

students' attendance at the start of each class without interfering with the amount

of time allocated for teaching.

Roll call and attendance sheet checks can be very time-consuming,

particularly during discussion periods. It takes a minute or two to do this task,

which could take a long time, particularly if there are many students in the

classroom. This is why using an alternative, such as an RFID-based attendance

system, will save time in recording student information while maintaining the

discussion time provided.

 4

According to Nischith et. al (2024), with the use of the contactless RFID

attendance-based technique, manual attendance tracking is no longer necessary,

and attendance can be recorded more accurately and effectively. The system

enables the tracking of attendance and can instantly notify authorized personnel

of the status of their attendance.

Students' attendance may be tracked more precisely with an RFID-based

attendance system, which will be very beneficial. Unlike manual checking, it is

possible that the teacher may forgot to take attendance before the discussion

begins, or the students may forgot to list their names. With the RFID-based

attendance system, students can at least scan their ID once they get to school.

Based on the study of Devle et. al (2022), in addition to being unsecure

and time-consuming, the old manual attendance system is prone to human

mistake. This technique is ineffective because it wastes our precious time and

effort to manually record attendance.

In addition to providing real-time data that aids in student tracking, an

RFID-based attendance system makes it simple for parents to be informed when

their children are in class. This is quite helpful because it doesn't take a lot of

time to complete.

In conclusion, as technology advances, it greatly aids humans in

completing the tasks more quickly and efficiently. Usage still has to be done

correctly.
 5

Background of the Study

The consistency of children's attendance is essential to preserving the

standard of education. Each student's presence must be guaranteed to teachers

and administration in order for classes to run smoothly and for no one to fall

behind. Additionally, maintaining accurate attendance records helps parents stay

informed and involved in their child's education while also encouraging a feeling

of accountability in students.

In education, technological improvements have eased school operations,

allowing both parents and educators to track students' progress in real time. It

facilitates the rapid flow of information across distances and helps people

manage their time, work, and social lives, making daily life easier to handle and

more efficient. In addition to helping parents protect their children, systems like

radio frequency identification (RFID) for automated attendance is an essential

tool that guarantees precise attendance tracking in schools. Parents can feel

secure knowing their children are safe at school with automated systems like

notification alerts and attendance tracking. Integrating technology into the

classroom not only improves student safety but also gives parents relief, creating

a safe and encouraging environment.

According to Sharp (2023), notifying parents is not just a common

courtesy; it is a duty owed to parents by those to whom the parents temporarily

entrust their child for educational purposes.

 6

This study emphasizes the importance of timely communication between

educational institutions and parents. By asserting that notifying parents is not

merely a courtesy but a duty. This perspective demonstrates a responsible

approach to student management by guaranteeing that parents are informed

about the child's attendance, which supports the necessity for real-time

information. By improving accountability and transparency through automated

systems, it maintains track of their children and provides parents with rapid SMS

notifications when their child uses an RFID for automated attendance. This

ensures the safety of their children.

Based on the study of Bibi and Ishaq (2023), the use of Radio Frequency

Identification (RFID) technology is ubiquitous in a number of businesses and

sectors, including retail sales, smart cities, agriculture, and transportation.

Additionally, educational institutions have started using RFID to track student

attendance, combining this technology with Google Sheets and the Internet of

Things (IoT) to build a real-time attendance tracking system. This RFID-based

attendance system enables automation, eliminating several problems connected

with the manual process, such as time wasting, proxies, and the possibility of

losing the attendance sheet, in contrast to the traditional attendance system,

which depends on manual signatures. By creating a system that automatically

registers students' attendance by merely flashing their student cards at the RFID

reader, all the aforementioned difficulties may be successfully addressed. This

automated method guarantees attendance monitoring accuracy and

dependability while also saving time.

 7

The RFID-embedded ID system for students' automatic attendance allows

for automation and creates a real-time attendance record. When compared to the

time-consuming, old method of recording attendance, this solution not only saves

time but also prevents errors.

According to Bon et. al. (2020), the presence of students and lecturers in

lectures and practicum activities is very important because it is related to the

ongoing process of lecture activities and practicum itself. In addition, the

presence of students will affect the achievement of lectures and practicum

related to a course, as well as the presence of lecturers. The presence of

students and lecturers in lectures and practicum activities serves as a form of

evaluation of a course that students participate in and are taught by the lecturer.

This makes the presence of students and lecturers very important in the

implementation of these lectures and practicums. Therefore, a proper attendance

monitoring system for students and lecturers is needed to facilitate the evaluation

process of lecture and practicum activities. In addition, the monitoring system

also functions as a control system for lecture and practicum activities. With a

monitoring system that applies Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as the

input medium, it can provide solutions and alternative abscesses so that it

doesn't take a long time. By implementing RFID, students and lecturers no longer

need to sign attendance, but simply tap as a sign of attendance.

It is critical for both students to be present throughout lectures and

practicum activities since it influences how well the course runs. Being there

helps to assess how well students are learning and whether course objectives
 8

are being reached. Using RFID technology, students may just tap to register their

attendance instead of signing in, saving time and making attendance

management more convenient.

According to Ahmad et. al (2021), using the RFID technology, the

conventional system of taking attendance can be completely transformed to be

more in line with strides in digitalization. This system will help the authorities

manage the attendance system in a more methodical, efficient and time saving

manner.

Instead of manually calling out names or signing a sheet, RFID technology

can make recording attendance much easier and more modern. This system

automatically records attendance via RFID cards and tags. This saves time, cuts

down on errors, and improves attendance management efficiency.

Based on the study of Manjunath et. al (2023), Information Technology (IT)

has played a significant role in developing several aspects in academic sectors

and domains such as student monitoring and management systems. Attendance

or daily register of understudies has turned into a vital assessment perspective in

the current instructive framework in both universities and schools. The

conventional attendance monitoring framework has a few impediments with the

trend and the technology gap. For instance, passing the everyday attendance

sheet to a huge number of students in a class is extremely risky and it hampers

the consideration of the students in the class. It is waste of time as well as a

student can deliberately enlist counterfeit attendance record in the day-by-day

attendance sheet. On the off chance, if the teacher loses these documents, all
 9

the significant attendance records are lost without doubt. Therefore, it is a critical

subject to tracking and manages student's attendance in school, college, and

university environment. Since it can be helped to urge students to attend on time,

amend the efficiency of the learning, increase learning grade, and finally boosting

and improving the education level. So, there is a need to manage the student

attendance records automatically by using information technology management

system in a faculty to assist the maintaining attendance.

This study states that the use of improved information technology may

eventually aid in the RFID system used to track students' attendance at school,

improving the ease of attendance tracking. RFID technology can modernize and

digitize the traditional method of taking attendance. There are numerous issues

with the conventional approach of handing out attendance sheets, such as the

fact that it takes too long and lets students fake their attendance. An RFID-based

automated system can handle attendance more rapidly and precisely, which will

motivate students to arrive on time and assist schools in better monitoring who is

actually present, improving the quality of the educational process overall.

This study states that advanced RFID technology can improve student

attendance tracking at schools, modernizing and digitizing traditional systems.

This automated system encourages punctuality, helps track attendance, and

improves the overall learning experience by reducing time spent on paper

attendance sheets and enhancing accuracy.

 10

Theoretical Framework
This research is supported by the Technology Acceptance Model, which

serves as a framework to help explain and understand the factors that affects this

study. Explicitly, this research examines the acceptability of embedded RFID for

the automated attendance of students, and for the instant notification for the

parents.

Technology Acceptance Model

Davis's (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposes that

perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness predict the acceptance of

information technology. Since its inception, the model has been tested with

various applications in tens of studies and has become a most widely applied

model of user acceptance and usage. Nevertheless, the reported findings on the

model are mixed in terms of statistical significance, direction, and magnitude. (Lia

& Ma, 2008)

In this study, Technology Acceptance Model was used to perceive and

investigate the acceptability of embedded RFID in students' automated

attendance and instant parents notification at Center for Positive Futures -

Montalban Campus. The research aims for the acceptance in technology by

providing security to students via notification to the parents and automation of

attendance for students for better tracking of attendance.

 11

Conceptual Framework
The researchers used the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model to reflect the

components that will be required to conduct this study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What is the demographic - Formulation of research

profile of the respondents in problem
terms of:
- Background of the study
1.1. Parents
- Construction of instrument
1.1.1. Name
- Validation of instrument
1.1.2. Age
- Preparation of materials
1.1.3. Gender
- Swiping RFID Tags
1.2. Admins
- Reading The RFID Tags
1.2.1. Name

1.2.2. Age - Generating The Message

- Sending The Message - Acceptability of

1.2.3. Gender
Embedded RFID in
2. How reliable is the RFID - Receiving The Message Students’ Automated
System in terms of:
- Experimentation Attendance and Instant
2.1. Speed in sending and Parents Notification
- Collection of Data
receiving message
- Analyzation of data
2.1.1. Seconds
- Interpretation of data
2.1.2. Distance
- Presentation of interpreted
2.1.3. Types of Phone data

2.1.4. Types of Network - Conclusions

Provider
- Recommendations
2.2. Process

2.2.1. Tap of RFID

Card/Tags

3. What is the level of

acceptability in terms of
RFID Cards and RFID Tags?

FEEDBACK

Figure 1: Paradigm of the study on the Acceptability of Embedded RFID in

Students’ Automated Attendance and Instant Parents Notification
 12

In the Input, it contains the profile of the Parents and Admins: name, age,

and gender, the reliability of RFID system: speed in sending and receiving

message, which contains the seconds, distance, types of phone, types of

network provider and process: tap of RFID cards/tags, and level of acceptability

in terms of RFID Cards and RFID Tags.

Along with the input is the process by which the researchers begin in

formulating the research problem, the background of the study, construction of

instrument, validation of instrument, preparation of materials, swiping RFID tags,

reading the RFID tags, generating the message, sending the message, receiving

the message, experimentation, collection of data, analyzation of data,

interpretation of data, presentation of interpreted data, conclusions, and

recommendations.

Lastly, the output is the acceptability of embedded RFID in students’

automated attendance and instant parents notification.

 13

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the acceptability of embedded RFID in

students’ automated attendance and instant parents notification.

Particularly, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Parents

1.1.1. Name

1.1.2. Age

1.1.3. Gender

1.2. Admins

1.2.1. Name

1.2.2. Age

1.2.3. Gender

2. How reliable is the RFID System in terms of:

2.1 Speed in sending and receiving message

2.1.1 Seconds

2.1.2. Distance

2.1.3. Types of Phone

2.1.4. Types of Network Provider

 14

2.2. Process

2.2.1. Tap of RFID Card/Tags

3. What is the level of acceptability in terms of RFID Cards and RFID Tags?
 15

Hypothesis
From the problem stated above, the following hypothesis was formulated:

1. There is no significant difference between the level of acceptability of

embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant notification

between parents and admins.

2. There is no significant difference between the level of acceptability of

RFID Cards and RFID tags among parents and admins.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study focuses on identifying the acceptability of

embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant parents

notification.

This study will be conducted at Center For Positive Futures - Montalban

Campus.

The researcher will interview the School Admin, Part time Teachers, and

Teaching staffs of Center For Positive Futures - Montalban Campus, as well as

the parents of the students from Grade 7 to Grade 12.

The respondents of the study will be selected by stratified sampling

composed of one (1) Admin, four (4) Part time Teachers, six (6) Teaching Staffs,

and nineteen (19) Parents from the Center For Positive Futures Community.

The study will use Demographic Questions and Likert Scale to collect

data.
 16

Significance of the Study

This study aims to know "Acceptability of Embedded RFID in Students’

Automated Attendance and Instant Parents Notification" and the following

beneficiaries of this study are the following:

Parents: this study with the help of instant notifications for the parents, this will

ease against their worries about their children at school by ensuring that their

children enter the school grounds via instant notification.

Students: this study will help the students to experience improved

communication between the school and their parents, ensuring that families are

promptly informed about attendance and important notifications.

School Administrator: this study helps the school administrator to reduces

paperwork, and minimize errors, saving time and providing security and better

data management with the help of RFID system.

Future Researchers: this study can be used as a guide or reference for future

researchers who is interested in the topic of acceptability of embedded RFID in

students’ automated attendance and instant parents notification. This provides

more opportunities for further investigation of technology acceptance, usage of

technology in educational norms, and real-time notification using RFID.

 17

Definition of Terms
To provide a clearer understanding of the study, the following terms are

defined conceptually and operationally:

RFID Cards/Tags – The medium used for automated attendance that contains

students’ personal information at Center For Positive Futures (CPF) - Montalban

Campus.

Automated Attendance – At CPF - Montalban Campus, the student's

attendance can be tracked by scanning it with the use of RFID.

Instant Notification – After the RFID Cards/Tags are scanned into the RFID

Scanner, the parent will receive an SMS notice indicating that their children have

arrived safely at CPF - Montalban Campus.

Roll Call – The traditional method of recording attendance at CPF - Montalban

Campus, wherein the teacher will mention the students' last names

alphabetically.

Acceptability – The extent to which something is accepted or agreed upon by

the parents and admins, like the embedded RFID in students’ automated

attendance and instant parents notification at CPF - Montalban Campus.

Parents – A respondent to test if they accept the new attendance method at CPF

- Montalban Campus. They will also be able to receive an instant notification that

will inform them if their children has arrived or left the school premises.
 18

Admin – A respondent as well to test if they accept the new attendance method

at CPF - Montalban Campus.

Real-time Notification – Notification that parents will immediately receive once

the student has scanned the RFID card/tags at CPF - Montalban Campus.

Seconds – The speed at which the parent should be notified if the student has

arrived or left the school premises.

Distance – To what extent can a RFID notification can be sent.

 19

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
According to Chiem et. al (2021), in the digital age, RFID technology

guarantees excellent accuracy, speed, and user-friendliness, as well as data

safety and upgradeability.

Because of the advancements in digital technology, students can now

utilize RFID to schools to take their attendance instead of the manual method.

Scanning of the RFID cards or tags, the information contained within may now be

read to determine the student's attendance. Additionally, the parents will receive

an SMS message. Parents can use this to feel more at ease knowing that their

children have securely arrived and departed the school grounds. As technology

has advanced, who would have thought that it might make work safer, easier,

and better.

Based on the study of Duan et. al (2022), the Internet of Things-based

student attendance management system, which employs modern technology to

precisely monitor students' attendance and promote positive student behaviors.

An efficient company for managing attendance has been created to improve the

gathering of data for student administration, monitor the teaching attendance of

both teachers and students in real time, and use computer technology to connect

teachers and students in real time.

The teachers can save a lot of time by not having to manually verify the

attendance sheet because the RFID system can provide real-time information on
 20

the student's attendance. This helps teachers save time and reduce paperwork.

This provides parents with real-time information, so they will receive quick

notifications when their children arrive at school.

According to Julaha et. al (2020), the attendance sheet, which is typically

circulated around the classroom while a teacher is lecturing, can be manually

signed by students as one popular technique. The students may be able to fake

their attendance records using this method, as a student may sign in for an

absent. Furthermore, such an attendance form is prone to being lost or forgotten.

It is also time-consuming to take a more strict approach, particularly to prevent

students from falsifying their attendance records, in which a teacher calls out

each student's name from the student list and confirms their present. These

manual techniques for recording students attendance have been shown to be

challenging and time-consuming. A semi-automated method is therefore needed

in order to potentially solve all of those issues.

For some schools with large student populations, this is a very common

situation. Teachers find it difficult to verify and check the attendance sheet, which

adds to their workload. With the RFID-based attendance provides real-time

information, students only need to tap their RFID cards or tags to have their

attendance counted.

In relation to these statements, RFID-based attendance saves a great

deal of time and gives parents an instant notification when their children have

safely entered the school grounds.

 21

Local Literature

Based on the study of Barbosa et. al (2021), it becomes difficult to verify

the attendance of an excessive number of teachers when the student body

increases and more teachers are hired. Because it makes it possible to calculate

the number of hours worked, especially for hourly workers like teachers, a

number of attendance monitoring systems have been developed to help with this

issue.

Due to the large number of students in a given school, it is very difficult for

the few teachers to count and check the attendance of the students. For this

reason, RFID-based attendance greatly reduces the amount of work and time

that teachers must spend manually checking the attendance record. Students

only need to tap on their RFID cards or tags, which saves a little time in addition

to greatly reducing the workload for teachers.

According to Bergado et. al (2022), in the educational field, it is crucial to

regularly use RFID technology to track students' attendance. But because RFID-

based attendance is vulnerable to fake attendance, it has been widely criticized.

An attendance can be recorded in the system by anyone with an RFID tag.

The RFID card/tags contains personal information of the students,

therefore, it is important for them to keep it safe with them and make sure that

they are the only once that will handle their own RFID card/tags as it prone to

fake attendance. Privacy of the student regarding their personal information is a

must to protect.
 22

Based on the study of Caras and Reyes (2023), RFID technology reduces

errors and eliminates manual methods of recording attendance, making it quick

and convenient.

Real-time information is provided by RFID-based attendance, which

greatly reduces the effort for teachers. Aside from that, using the students' RFID

cards or tags with their personal information makes it simple to record their

attendance.

In connection with these statements, RFID-based attendance reduces

manual labor and time spent by teachers in counting and checking student

attendance. Students tap on RFID cards or tags, saving time and workload.

However, students must keep their personal information safe to prevent fake

attendance. RFID-based attendance provides real-time information, reducing

teacher effort and making attendance recording simpler.

Foreign Studies

According to Gurusamy (2024), with its real-time attendance monitoring

and management features, the system runs well. The suggested RFID-based

attendance system solves the drawbacks of conventional attendance techniques

with this innovative implementation, providing increased convenience, accuracy,

and efficiency.

When using the traditional method of recording student attendance, there

may be several drawbacks. For example, there is a chance that a student will be

missed by the teacher during a roll call, or a late student may not be able to sign
 23

in for attendance. At least with RFID-based attendance, students can record their

attendance by simply tapping their RFID cards or tags.

Based on the study of Baballe (2021), in some state settings, the Radio

Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a crucial wireless method for

identifying physically located things. The most recent technological advancement

that is replacing barcodes is the RFID system. Thus, in comparison to the

previous few years, this technology has been getting a lot more attention. RFID

tags and RFID reader units can be used to accomplish automatic identification. A

transponder that can wirelessly send data over a short distance is included into

the RFID tag.

With the advent of the QR/Bar Code, RFID emerged as the substitute. In

contrast to earlier times, the current period has become much more

technologically advanced, and it is evident that the digital age is becoming more

beneficial to others. People can do other things and make their task easier with

this.

According to Vinodia (2024), the traditional approach to collecting

attendance, which involves calling names or signing documents, is ineffective

since it takes a lot of time and is not secure. The manual method of collecting

attendance has a number of drawbacks, such as needless time waste, incorrect

documentation, students forgetting to write their names on the list, or students

writing on behalf of absent students.

 24

These disadvantages have the potential to cause major issues at school,

which could impact things like a student's attendance in a class. Monitoring

student attendance is crucial, which is why teachers in schools benefit greatly

from RFID-based attendance systems that help them stay on track with their

students.

In relation with these statements, RFID cards and RFID-based attendance

systems offer a more efficient and convenient alternative to traditional methods of

recording student attendance. These systems eliminate potential drawbacks like

missed roll calls and late students, allowing teachers to stay on track and monitor

student attendance more effectively. The digital age has made tasks easier and

more efficient, making attendance tracking more efficient and effective.

Local Studies

According to Agustin (2020), students' time-in and time-out times will be

promptly communicated to parents through the usage of the RFID student

monitoring system. The use of GSM and RFID technology will improve the ability

to manipulate the contemporary technological environment.

Parents of these students feel easy knowing that their children have made

it safely to school thanks to the instant parent notifications. In addition, parents

will be notified when their children left the school. On their arrival, students must

tap their RFID card or tags, and upon leaving, students must do the same.

Based on the study of Abellana et. al (2022), this system would use

microcontrollers and RFID modules to detect the Unique Identification (UID) in

 25

order to verify for individual data. The system has certain communication

capabilities thanks to the combination of the Arduino and GSM Short Message

Service (SMS). The suggested attendance and information system uses less

electricity, saves time, and reduces the need for paperwork.

Students' personal information is stored on these RFID cards or tags, and

their attendance is automatically tracked once they tap them. Their parents will

receive a notification as soon as they tap the RFID card or tags, notifying them

that you have already entered the school grounds. This saves a lot of time,

requires less work, and ensures that the records are up to date.

According to Abellana and Perin (2022), many automatic identifying

technologies, including radio frequency identification (RFID), gained popularity.

Here, a UID (RFID) is assigned to each individual ID card. This system would use

micro controllers like Arduino to detect that UID and verify for individual data.

People can actually save time and make their tasks easier with the help of

technology. This guarantees real-time student attendance data, just like RFID-

based attendance. For teachers with heavy workloads, this is crucial because it

doesn't take a lot of time or effort.

In relation to these statements, parents can now easily track their

children's attendance at school through instant notifications. Students must tap

their RFID cards or tags upon arrival and leave, ensuring their attendance is

automatically tracked. This technology saves time, requires less work, and

ensures up-to-date records. It also saves time and makes tasks easier for
 26

teachers, as it provides real-time student attendance data. This is particularly

important for teachers with heavy workloads, as it doesn't require much time or

effort.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design that is used in this research is an experimental

quantitative method.

According to Sirisilla (2023), an experimental research design is a set of

guidelines and practices developed to carry out scientific experimental research

with two sets of variables. The first set of variables serves as a constant in this

situation and is used to determine how different the second set is.

The researchers used the experimental quantitative method to establish

causality between variables, which is essential for understanding the

acceptability of embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant

parent notifications.

Setting of the Study

The research titled “Acceptability of Embedded RFID in Students’

Automated Attendance and Instant Parents Notification at Center For Positive

Futures - Montalban Campus” will be carried out at Center For Positive Futures -

Montalban Campus.
 27

The Center for Positive Futures was established in 2001. Its first campus

was located in Loyola Heights, Quezon City. In school year 2010- 2011, 240 high

school students graduated from our school system. The CPF system includes

campuses in Barangay Balite in Montalban, Guitnangbayan and Banaba in San

Mateo, Napindan in Taguig, Sicsican in Puerto Princesa City, and Mapalad in Sta.

Rosa, Nueva Ecija.

The Center for Positive Futures (CPF) was organized as a high school in

January, 2001. The school was established by parents whose goal was to

provide alternative and relevant education for their children. In its first two years

of operation, CPF functioned as a research extension school of St. Joseph’s

College (SJC) of Quezon City. As such, the SJC provided the institutional

character to the CPF, a transitional home of 20 high school students located in

Esteban Abada Street, Loyola Heights, Quezon City. In April, 2003 the 20

students graduated from SJC through CPF and the location at Esteban Abada

was closed, signaling the end of CPF as a research extension. It began anew as

a high school located in the periphery of Metro Manila, to provide the

communities there with access to private, Catholic and non traditional mode of

education. In SY 2003-2004, CPF started operations in San Mateo and

Montalban, Rizal. In these areas, CPF students are generally children of

professionals, employees, industrial and service workers and entrepreneurs. The

school aims to foster an entrepreneurial culture among its members, fostering a

CPF spirit. The students are expected to develop into responsible community
 28

members, adapting to modern demands. The future is bright for CPF students,

fulfilling their responsibility to improve Earth's quality of life.

The head principal of the Center for Positive Future's Montalban branch is

currently Mrs. Cunegunda C. Hubo. CPF employs 1 admin, 10 teachers, and 2

staff in the canteen. In total, 125 junior high and senior high school students from

all throughout Montalban are enrolled in CPF. It is truly astounding how well each

student manages their schoolwork and how well-behaved they are in this school.

Figure 1.2: Map of Center For Positive Futures - Montalban Campus

A Satellite View of the study

Source: https://tinyurl.com/28jr7af6

Subject of the Study

The subject of this study will be Parents and Admins in Center For Positive

Futures - Montalban Campus.

 29

The researchers will interview one (1) Admin, four (4) Part time Teachers,

six (6) Teaching Staffs, and nineteen (19) Parents, with the total of thirty (30)

respondents. These interviews will take place at Center For Positive Futures -

Montalban Campus.

Materials, Equipment/Apparatus and Utensils

The main materials in this study are Arduino Uno R3 Board and GSM

Module Sim 900A. The following table below presents the materials that are used

in different processes:

Materials:

Materials: Quantity:

 Arduino Uno R3 Board  2 units

 GSM Module Sim 900A  1 unit

 NFC RFID MFRC522 Reader  2 units

 RFID Card  19 units

 RFID Tags  19 units

 16x2 LCD Module Display  1 unit

 Jumpers Wire  32 units

 Potentiometer B10k  1 unit

 USB Cable  2 units

 5v – A2 adaptor  1 unit
 30

Procedure of the Study

The study began by identifying the research problem, aiming to evaluate

the acceptability of embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and

instant parents notification. Following the establishment of the research title and

objectives, as well as the theoretical and conceptual frameworks, were

developed in alignment with the methodology.

After defining the research problem and title, the researchers then finalize

it to proceed with the Chapter 1 of the study, titled "Acceptability of Embedded

RFID in Students’ Automated Attendance and Instant Parents Notification at

Center For Positive Future Montalban Campus".

Moreover, throughout the entire study process, the researchers made

decisions regarding the construction of the Demographic Questions and Likert

Scale Questionnaire, which will be validated and be used to assess the

acceptability of embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant

parents notification.
 31

Furthermore, selecting the study's subjects and setting is a key step in

gaining insights into respondents' behaviors, helping to clarify the parents and

admins acceptability about providing embedded IDs in student.

Figure 1.3: Circuit Diagram for Acceptability of Embedded RFID in Students’

Automated Attendance and Instant Parents Notification

Sources of Data
The questionnaires, parents, and admins will be reliable sources of data

for the researchers as they gather appropriate data. Answers on Acceptability of

 32

Embedded RFID in Students’ Automated Attendance and Instant Parents

Notification will come from the respondents.

The researchers used journals and studies as reliable sources of

information. It not only supports this research but also provides extra crucial

information. The sources include additional material that will help the researchers

widen the scope of their research. To get additional information, the researchers

referenced and cited papers, journals, and other sources.

Additional information could also be obtained by the researchers from

other sources.

Sampling Design and Sample

The sampling method that the researchers will use is stratified sampling.

There will be total of one (1) Admin, four (4) Part time Teachers, six (6)

Teaching Staffs and nineteen (19) Parents in Center For Positive Futures -

Montalban Campus, who will be the respondents and will be selected using

stratified sampling, ensuring that the researchers' interviews are done at random.

According to Simkus (2023), in stratified random sampling, a population is

first divided into smaller subgroups, or strata, according to shared features of its

members. The final sample is then chosen at random from each stratum.

The researcher concluded that stratified sampling would be appropriate for

the study since it allows to ensure that both parents and admins are represented

adequately.
 33

Construction of Instruments

The researcher will develop a Likert Scale questionnaire designed to

systematically gather data on the acceptability of embedded RFID in students'

automated attendance and instant parents notification at Center for Positive

Futures - Montalban Campus, along with suggestion and recommendations

regarding this research.

The questionnaire consists of four (4) questions and is divided into three

(3) parts: Part A for the demographic profile, Part B for the acceptability of

embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant parent

notification and Part C for the suggestions and recommendation.

The researchers then prepare a request form to conduct the interview.

Validation of Instruments

The researchers made questionnaires to determine the acceptability of

embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant parents

notification and it will be validated by the research teacher that will be used in

conducting the interview with the respondents.

Content validation will be used by the teacher to check if the

questionnaire's content is relevant to the topic.

The Demographic questions and Likert Scale Questionnaire will be

examined to check the appropriateness and accuracy for assessing the level of

acceptability.
 34

Administration of Instruments

After completing the adjustments and receiving approval from the

research teacher for the research instruments, the researchers will provide the

validated questionnaire to the respondents in Center For Positive Futures -

Montalban Campus. The questionnaire will consist of four (4) questions.

The researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the parents and

admins to be able to gather data and information about the research, provided

that the respondent gives permission to be the respondent in this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The first stage in data collection involves distributing questionnaires to

determine the acceptability of embedded RFID in students’ automated

attendance and instant parents notification. Given the current circumstances, the

researchers are now able to conduct in-person procedures.

The questionnaire consists of Likert Scale Questionnaire.

Before the distribution of questionnaires, the researchers will prepare their

letter for respondents and the questionnaires itself.

During the distribution of questionnaires, the researchers will inform the

students to take home the questionnaire to be able for their parents to answer it,

while the questionnaires for the admins will be given face-to-face for them to be

able to answer it.

 35

After the meeting, the researcher will compute the responses. The

gathered data will then be analyzed and interpreted using appropriate statistical

procedures to derive meaningful insights from the study.

Statistical Treatment

The researcher utilized the following tools below in order to computed the

data gathered from the respondents.

1. Mean - The mean of the scores from the Likert Scale survey will be

needed to calculate the standard deviation.

Where:

∑x - sum of the observations or the scores

N - number of observations or the concentrations

2. Standard Deviation - To measure the amount of variation between the

scores of parents and admins.

Where:

SD - standard deviation

n - total number of observations

 36

X - each value from the group

X̄ - sample mean

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Overview

The presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data is the focus of this

chapter. The researchers thoroughly examined and interpreted the data obtained

from the respondents. The data gathered during the research will be examined

more thoroughly in Chapter 5.

A total of 4 questions, all of which are related to the statement of the

problem will be used as a questionnaire in the survey. Admins and random

parents of students of Center for Positive Futures – Montalban Campus were

chosen to participate in this study as respondents.

The information presented below is based on the responses of the

respondents. The researchers will exclude any material or data that was not

provided by the respondents. The information gathered is presented in bar graph

and tabular form to facilitate data presentation.

 37

B. Acceptability of Embedded RFID in Students’ Automated Attendance and

Instant Parents Notification
Figure 2: Speed in sending and receiving message of the instant parents

notification

14

12

10

0
Less than 10 seconds Between 10 to 30 seconds More than 30 seconds

4-Strongly Accepted 3-Moderately Accepted 2-Accepted 1-Not Accepted

Based on Figure 2, thirteen (13) respondents strongly accepted with the

RFID system's reliability in terms of speed in less than 10 seconds. Three (3)

accepted with it moderately, one (1) accepted with it, and none of the

respondents answered not accepted. Five (5) respondents strongly accepted

with the reliability of the RFID system in terms of speed in the range of 10 to 30
 38

seconds. Eleven (11) respondents moderately accepted, one (1) accepted, and

none of the respondents came up with the not accepted answer. The reliability of

the RFID system in terms of speed in more than 30 seconds was accepted by

one (1) respondent, six (6) respondents moderately accepted it, six (6)

respondents accepted it, and none did not. This demonstrates how strongly

respondents accept a message being sent and received in less than ten

seconds.
 39

Figure 3: Distance of the system to receiver

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Less than 3 km radius More than 3 km but less than 10 km More than 10 km radius
radius

4-Strongly Accepted 3-Moderately Accepted 2-Accepted 1-Not Accepted

Based on Figure 3, nine (9) respondents strongly accepted with the

reliability of the RFID system when it came to the system's distance from the

receiver being less than 3 kilometers, three (3) accepted with it moderately, two

(2) accepted with it, and one (1) answered not accepted. Four (4) respondents

answered strongly accepted, nine (9) respondents moderately accepted it, two

(2) respondents accepted, and none answered not accepted the reliability of

RFID system in terms of distance of the system from the receiver in more than 3

kilometer but less than 10 kilometer radius. Five (5) respondents strongly

accepted it, four (4) respondents answered moderately accepted, four (4)

respondents accepted it, and none answered not accepted the reliability of RFID

system in terms of distance of the system from the receiver in more than 10

kilometer radius.

This shows how the message being sent in a distance in less than and more than

3 km but less than 10 km being tied.

40
 41

Figure 4: Types of phone/mobile operating system (Mobile OS) used

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Android iOS Symbian OS Nokia OS BlackBerry OS

4-Strongly Accepted 3-Moderately Accepted 2-Accepted 1-Not Accepted

Based on the Figure 4, eighteen (18) respondents strongly accepted, five

(5) respondents moderately accepted, none accepted, and none does not

accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of phones/mobile

operating system used using Android. Five (5) respondents strongly accepted,

six (6) respondents moderately accepted, none accepted, and none does not

accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of phones/mobile

operating system used using iOS. two (2) respondents strongly accepted, four (4)

respondents moderately accepted, two (2) respondents accepted, and one (1)

does not accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of

phones/mobile operating system used using Symbian OS. two (2) respondents

strongly accepted, four (4) respondents moderately accepted, one (1)

respondents accepted, and one (1) does mot accepted the reliability of RFID

system in terms of types of phones/mobile operating system used using Nokia

OS. two (2) respondents strongly accepted, two (2) respondents moderately
 42

accepted, one (1) respondents accepted, and one (1) does not accepted the

reliability of RFID system in terms of types of phones/mobile operating system

used using BlackBerry OS. This demonstrates that the mobile system that the

respondents use are mostly android.

 43

Figure 5: Types of Network Provider

12

10

0
Globe Smart TNT TM DITO eSIM GOMO

4-Strongly Accepted 3-Moderately Accepted 2-Accepted 1-Not Accepted

Based on Figure 5, eleven (11) respondents answered strongly accepted,

three (3) respondents moderately accepted it, none of the respondents answered

accepted, and one (1) answered not accepted the reliability of RFID system in

terms of types of network provider using Globe. Ten (10) respondents strongly

accepted, three (3) respondents answered moderately accepted, none accepted

it, and none of the respondents answered not accepted in the reliability of RFID

system in terms of types of network provider using Smart. Seven (7) respondents

answered strongly accepted, two (2) respondents answered moderately

accepted, none accepted it, and one (1) answered not accepted in the reliability

of RFID system in terms of types of network provider using TNT. Four (4)

respondents answered strongly accepted, two (2) respondents answered

moderately accepted, one (1) respondent accepted it, and one (1) does not

accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of network provider

 44

using TM. Three (3) respondents strongly accepted it, three (3) respondents

answered moderately accepted, none accepted it, and one (1) does not accepted

the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of network provider using DITO.

Two (2) respondents answered strongly accepted, three (3) respondents

moderately accepted it, one (1) respondent accepted it, and one (1) answered

not accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of network provider

using eSIM. Two (2) respondents strongly accepted, three (3) respondents

moderately accepted, one (1) respondent accepted, and one (1) does not

accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of types of network provider

using GOMO. This shows that the instant parents notification can be sent

through different internet providers.

 45

Figure 6: Process of using the RFID System

9

0
Process requires effort Process requires less effort Process requires no effort

4-Strongly Accepted 3-Moderately Accepted 2-Accepted 1-Not Accepted

Based on Figure 6, three (3) respondents strongly accepted, eight (8)

respondents moderately accepted, three (3) respondents accepted, and none

does not accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of process of using the

RFID that states that the process of using the system requires effort. Eight (8)

respondents strongly accepted, seven (7) respondents moderately accepted, five

(5) respondents accepted, and none does mot accepted the reliability of RFID

system in terms of process of using the RFID that states that the process of

using the system requires less effort. three (3) respondents strongly accepted,

one (1) respondents moderately accepted, none accepted, and none does not

accepted the reliability of RFID system in terms of process of using the RFID that

states that the process of using the system requires no effort. This shows that the

process of using RFID system requires less effort.

46
 47

Figure 7: What is the level of acceptability in terms of RFID Cards and RFID
Tags
14

12

10

0
RFID cards RFID tags Both RFID Cards and Tags

4-Strongly Accepted 3-Moderately Accepted 2-Accepted 1-Not Accepted

Based on Figure 7, twelve (12) respondents strongly accepted, six (6)

respondents moderately accepted, none accepted, and none does not accepted

the level of acceptability of RFID cards and tags that states that RFID cards are

more convenient to use. Six (6) respondents strongly accepted, four (4)

respondents moderately accepted, none accepted, and none does not accepted

the acceptability of RFID cards and tags that states that RFID tags are more

convenient to use. Ten (10) respondents strongly accepted, three (3)

respondents moderately accepted, none accepted, and none does not accepted

the acceptability of RFID cards and tags that states that both RFID cards and

tags are convenient to use. This shows that RFID Cards are more preferred of

the respondents.
 48

C. Suggestions and recommendations

Answer Respondents
Prior to implementation, the issues of data Respondent 1
privacy, security &, ethical use should be
properly addressed. It is also important to
discuss the benefits to students, parent &
school to ensure higher chance of
acceptance.
Ensure that the system sends accurate and Respondent 2
real-time notifications to avoid confusion.
This is highly acceptable and should be Respondent 3
implemented upon arrival to the school
premises.
My suggestions, RFID chip embedded on Respondent 4
student’s such as, I.D cards that can be
used in detecting students if he/she entered
the school or university and can track
student’s location or where abouts.
Therefore, it is usable to the students
In terms of cost-effectiveness, the product Respondent 5
must be flexible for low income families.
Choose high quality RFID reader with
low/minimal error rate to ensure reliability
and accurate logs.
Share awareness to the parents and its Respondent 6
advantage for attendance checking.
Install it on ID of the students. Respondent 7

I suggest to addressed it with full activity. Respondent 8

Make it sure that the code used by the Respondent 9

students are their own and avoid double
tapping.
Table 1. What are your suggestions to the acceptability of embedded RFID

in students’ automated attendance and instant parents notification?

The researchers interviewed 19 parents and 11 teachers from Center For

Positive Future Montalban, Rizal Campus. The thirteen (13) respondents strongly
 49

agreed with the RFID system's reliability in terms of speed in less than 10

seconds. Three (3) agreed with it moderately, one (1) agreed with it, and none

disagreed. Five (5) respondents strongly agreed with the reliability of the RFID

system in terms of speed in the range of 10 to 30 seconds. Eleven (11)

respondents moderately agreed, one (1) agreed, and none did not. The reliability

of the RFID system in terms of speed in more than 30 seconds was accepted by

one (1) respondent, six (6) respondents moderately accepted it, six (6)

respondents accepted it, and none did not. This indicates how strongly people

agree with a message being sent and received in less than 10 seconds. The

suggestions from the interviews with 19 parents and 11 Teachers in Center For

Positive Future Montalban, Rizal Campus.

 50

Answer Respondent

Ensure transparent communication. Respondent 1

Obtain formal consent.
Allow students to opt for manual
attendance if they prefer not to use it
Provide clear guidelines on data usage Respondent 2
to make it more acceptable to
everyone.
Upon school dismissal, RFID should Respondent 3
also be implemented so parents can
monitor if their children have left the
school premises.
My recommendations are accuracy, Respondent 4
efficiency, and security to the students

Collaborate with it professionals who Respondent 5

can help further enhance the study and
product itself.
Privacy and personal details of students Respondent 6
are stored securely under Data Privacy
Act of 2012.
Just make an upgrade on any possible Respondent 7
way like design.

No other recommendation. Respondent 8

Time must be included in the message Respondent 9

during time in and out of the students
because when the parent have weak
signal there is be possibility that they
also received the message late that can
cause confusion to the parents or
guardian
Table 2: What are your recommendations to the acceptability of embedded

RFID in students’ automated attendance and instant parents notification?

The researchers interviewed 19 parents and 11 teachers from Center For

Positive Future Montalban, Rizal Campus. The thirteen (13) respondents strongly

agreed with the RFID system's reliability in terms of speed in less than 10
 51

seconds. Three (3) agreed with it moderately, one (1) agreed with it, and none

disagreed. Five (5) respondents strongly agreed with the reliability of the RFID

system in terms of speed in the range of 10 to 30 seconds. Eleven (11)

respondents moderately agreed, one (1) agreed, and none did not. The reliability

of the RFID system in terms of speed in more than 30 seconds was accepted by

one (1) respondent, six (6) respondents moderately accepted it, six (6)

respondents accepted it, and none did not. The responses indicate a variety of

standpoints on data privacy. These include adding the arrival time at the school.
 52

Statistical Treatment

Table 3: Mean and Standard Deviation

Standard
Questions Answers Mean
Deviation

1. The RFID system is reliable in terms of:

Speed in sending and receiving message of the instant parents

notification

Less than 10 13 4.25 4.61

seconds
Between 10 to 30 11 4.25 3.85
seconds

More than 30 6 3.25 2.47

seconds

Distance of the system to receiver

Less than 3 km 9 3.75 2.78

radius

More than 3 km 9 3.75 2.98

but less than 10
km radius

More than 10 km 5 3.25 1.71

radius

Types of phone/mobile operating system (Mobile OS) used

Android 18 5.75 6.58

 53

iOS 6 2.75 2.47

Symbian OS 4 2.25 0.96

Nokia OS 4 2 1.09

Blackberry OS 2 1.5 0.44

Types of Network Provider

Globe 11 3.75 3.86

Smart 10 3.25 3.65

TNT 7 2.5 2.40

TM 4 2 1.09

DITO 3 1.75 1.15

eSIM 3 1.75 0.73

GOMO 3 1.75 0.73

Process of using the RFID System

When the RFID 8 3.5 2.56

cards/tags are
tapped at the
system, the
process requires
effort.

When the RFID 8 4 3.16

cards/tags are
tapped at the
system, the
process requires
less effort.
 54

When the RFID 5 5 0

cards/tags are
tapped at the
system, the
process requires
no effort.

2. What is the level of acceptability in terms of RFID Cards and RFID

Tags
RFID cards are 12 4.5 4.44
more convenient
to use.

RFID tags are 6 2.5 2.32

more convenient
to use.

Both RFID cards 10 3.25 3.64

and tags are
convenient to
use.

Table 3 presents the computed mean for the speed in sending and

receiving message of the instant parents notification is 4.25, resulting that the

respondents received the instant parents notification less than and between 10 to

30 seconds, therefore this falls under Strongly Accepted.

Hence, the computed mean for the distance of the system to receiver is

3.75, resulting that the instant parents notification can be received less than to

more than 3 km but less than 10 km radius, therefore this falls under Strongly

Accepted.
 55

Moreover, the computed mean for the types of phone/mobile operating

system (Mobile OS) used is 5.75, resulting that the respondents used type of

phone is Android, therefore this falls under Strongly Accepted.

Next, the computed mean for the types of network provider is 3.75,

resulting that most of the respondents’ network provider is Globe, therefore this

falls under Strongly Accepted.

The computed mean for the process of using the RFID system is 5,

resulting that the process of tapping the RFID card/tags requires no effort at all,

therefore this falls under Strongly Accepted.

Lastly, the computed mean for the level of acceptability in terms of RFID

Cards and RFID Tags is 4.5, resulting that the respondents preferred the RFID

cards more, therefore this falls under Strongly Accepted.

 56

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings
The researchers seek to identify the acceptability of embedded RFID in

students’ automated attendance and instant parents notifications.

For the first chapter, the researchers introduced various topics about the

embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance. This chapter includes the

background of the study, theoretical and conceptual framework, statement of the

problem, as well as the hypothesis and significance of the study that revolves

around the acceptability of embedded RFID in students’ automated attendance

and instant parents notifications.

In the second chapter, the researchers used foreign and local literatures

along with foreign and local studies about the use of RFID Cards as students’

automated attendance.

The third chapter shows the methodology, settings and subject of the

study, materials, equipment/apparatus and utensils, procedure of the study, as

well as the construction and validation of the instruments before the researchers

administer them to the respondent.

In the fourth chapter, the researchers at Center for Positive Futures –

Montalban Campus found that students' automated attendance using embedded

RFID is highly accepted by administrators and parents.

 57

Conclusions

According to the findings of the researchers regarding to the acceptability

of RFID embedded ID system in students' automated attendance and instant

parents notification, the following conclusions were drawn by the researchers:

The researchers concluded that the RFID attendance system with instant

notification is reliable in terms of speed in less than a minute, and given its

highest rating of Strongly Accepted, the researchers concluded that RFID

attendance system with instant notification system is strongly accepted as a

reliable system.

Additionally, the researchers concluded that the reliability of RFID

attendance system with instant notification system in terms of distance from the

receiver with a distance of up to 10 kilometer radius is reliable and Strongly

Accepted.

Next, the researchers concluded that the mostly used type of phone

according to the data gathered is Android and iOS. Meanwhile, Globe is the most

Strongly Accepted type of network provider to receive the instant parents

notification.

Lastly, the researchers concluded that it requires less to no effort in the

process of using the RFID System. As for the level of acceptability in terms of

RFID Cards and RFID Tags, RFID Cards are more Strongly Accepted to the

administrators and parents.

 58

Recommendations

To the Students, it provides them with a safe environment and easy way

of taking attendance.

To the Parents, have a proper monitoring on their son/daughter while they

are inside the school premises, and providing awareness and complacent about

their childrens.

To the School Administrator, they can track the attendance record easily

and have a proper monitoring on the students.

To the Future Researchers, additional study on teaching the proper use

of RFID SMS and Automated Attendance recommended to provide an even

broader explanation.
 59

References

A. Electronic References

Abellana et. al (2022) RFID ATTENDANCE SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS USING

ARDUINO WITH GSM. Retrieved from Research Gate:

RFID ATTENDANCE SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS USING ARDUINO WITH

GSM

Abellana and Perin (2022) RFID Attendance System using Arduino and Excel.

Retrieved from Research Gate:

RFID Attendance System using Arduino and Excel

Agustin (2020) Enhancing the Students’ Monitoring System Using RFID Through

Internet of Things (IoT). Retrieved from Selinus University of Sciences and

Literature:

Tesi Agustin.pdf

Barbosa et. al (2021) In-Classroom Faculty Attendance Monitoring System

based on Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

with Captured Image Cross-verification Mechanism. Retrieved from Research

Gate:

In-Classroom Faculty Attendance Monitoring System based on Ultra High

Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) with Captured Image

Cross-verification Mechanism
 60

Baballe, M. A. (2021). A Study on the Components used in RFID System and its

Challenges. Global J Res Eng Comput Sci, 1(1), 21-27. Retrieved from Nigeria

Defence Academy:

A Study on the Components used in RFID System and its Challenges by

Muhammad Ahmad Baballe :: SSRN

Bergado et. al (2022) FRAUD DETECTION USING ISOLATION FOREST FOR

RFID-BASED ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM. Retrieved from University

of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, C.M. Recto Ave., Lapasan,

Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines:

FRAUD DETECTION USING ISOLATION FOREST FOR RFID-BASED

ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM

Bharathy, M. G., Bhavanisankari, M. S., & Tamilselvi, T. (2021). Smart attendance

monitoring system using IoT and RFID. Retrieved from Jerusalem College of

Engineering, Chennai, India.:

Smart Attendance Monitoring System using IoT and RFID.pdf

Bibi and Ishaq (2023) IoT Based Smart Attendance System Using Rfid: A

Systematic Literature Review. Retrieved from Cornell University:

[2308.02591] IoT Based Smart Attendance System Using Rfid: A

Systematic Literature Review

 61

Caras & Reyes (2023) Designing Of Web-Based Attendance and Class

Scheduling System using RFID and Raspberry PI. Retrieved from Research

Gate:

Designing Of Web-Based Attendance and Class Scheduling System using

RFID and Raspberry PI

Chiem, Q. H., Huynh, K. T., Nguyen, M. T., Tran, M. D., Nguyen, X. P. P., & Ly, T.

N. (2021, November). Attendance monitoring using adjustable power UHF RFID

and web-based real-time automated information system. In International

Conference on Future Data and Security Engineering (pp. 392-407). Cham:

Springer International Publishing.

Attendance Monitoring Using Adjustable Power UHF RFID and Web-

Based Real-Time Automated Information System | SpringerLink

Department of Education (2022) Advisory no. 155 s. 2022, also known as

Classnote Safe Pass Attendance System.

advisory155s2022.pdf

Davis's (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Retrieved from Research

Gate:

The Technology Acceptance Model

El Mrabet, H., & Moussa, A. A. (2020). IoT-school attendance system using RFID

technology. Retrieved from Learn Tech Lib:

 62

IoT-School Attendance System Using RFID Technology - Learning &

Technology Library (LearnTechLib)

Gurusamy (2024) RFID Attendance System Using ESP8266. Retrieved from

Research Gate:

RFID Attendance System Using ESP8266

Joshi, A., Ahmad, A., Saxena, A., & Juneja, P. (2021). RFID based attendance

system. Int. J. Modern Trends Sci. Tech, 7, 40-43.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aman-Saxena-12/publication/348253883_R

FID_Based_Attendance_System/links/61bef6eefd2cbd7200af50ca/RFID-Based-

Attendance-System.pdf

Julaha et. al (2020)

H220103576320200321-60199-1r7in9m-libre.pdf

Khanvilkar, R. G., & Devle, M. (2022). IoT Based Smart Attendance System

Using RFID and Google Sheet

IRJET_V9I12163-libre.pdf

Manjunath et. al (2023)

https://www.propulsiontechjournal.com/index.php/journal/article/

download/373/301/666
 63

Matt Sharp (2023) Parental Notification Policies Keep Children Safe. Retrieved

from Alliance Defending Freedom:

Parental Notification Policies Keep Children Safe – Alliance Defending

Freedom

PM, V. K., Nischith, A. N., & Sudarshan, S. (2024, January). RFID-Attendance

System with Notification Using IFTTT Platform. Retrieved from Ieee Xplore:

RFID-Attendance System with Notification Using IFTTT Platform | IEEE

Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

Qureshi, M. Rizwan Jameel, The Proposed Implementation of RFID based

Attendance System (2020). Retrieved from King Abdulaziz University:

The Proposed Implementation of RFID based Attendance System by M.

Rizwan Jameel Qureshi :: SSRN

Simkus (2023) Stratified Random Sampling: Definition, Method & Examples.

Retrieved from SimplyPsychology:

Stratified Random Sampling: Definition, Method & Examples

Sirisilla (2023) Experimental Research Design. Retrieved from Enago Academy:

Experimental Research Designs: Types, Examples & Advantages

Utami, D. K., Huda, A. S. M., & Bon, A. T. Student Attendance Monitoring and

Evaluation System Using Radio Frequency Identification. (2020)

430.docx
 64

Vinodia (2024) Rfid Based Attendance System. Retrieved from Research Gate:

Rfid Based Attendance System

Wakchoure, S. S., Shewale, P. S., Rajput, J. G., Gaupal, S. A., Thakre, M. P., &

Rade, M. R. (2022). Multiple approach of RFID-based attendance system using

IoT. Retrieved from Springer Nature Link:

Multiple Approach of RFID-Based Attendance System Using IoT |

SpringerLink

Xun, H., Zou, B., & Duan, C. (2022). [Retracted] Design of the Student

Attendance Management System Based on the Internet of Things

Technology. Mobile Information Systems, 2022(1), 1990530. Retrieved from

Online library:

[Retracted] Design of the Student Attendance Management System Based

on the Internet of Things Technology - Xun - 2022 - Mobile Information Systems -

Wiley Online Library

65
 66

Appendices

Appendix A. Questionnaire
General Instructions: The following questions pertain to the research entitled
"Acceptability of Embedded RFID in Students’ Automated Attendance and
Instant Parents Notification at Center For Positive Futures Montalban
Campus”. This questionnaire is divided into three parts: Part A. for the
Demographic Profile, Part B. for the acceptability of embedded RFID in students’
automated attendance and instant parents notification, and Part C. for the
suggestions and recommendations.

Directions: Please answer the following demographic profile by writing your

responses on the provided blank.

A. Demographic Profile

Name: __________________________________________________________

Age: _______

Gender: ____________

Instructions: Kindly put a check (✓) inside the box.

Parent

Teacher

Admin

B. Acceptability of Embedded RFID in Students’ Automated Attendance and

Instant Parents Notification

Directions: Please check (✓) the box next to the statement if your answer states
Strongly Accepted, Moderately Accepted, Accepted, and Not Accepted with
the presented information.
 67

Likert Scale:

4 – Strongly Accepted
3 – Moderately Accepted
2 – Accepted
1 – Not Accepted

QUESTIONS

1. The RFID system is reliable in terms of:

1.1. Speed in sending and receiving

4 3 2 1
message of the instant parents notification

 1.1.1. Less than 10 seconds.

 1.1.2. Between 10 to 30 seconds.

 1.1.3. More than 30 seconds.

1.2. Distance of the system to receiver 4 3 2 1

 1.2.1. Less than 3 km radius

 1.2.2. More than 3 km but less than 10

km radius

 1.2.3. More than 10 km radius

1.3. Types of phone/mobile operating

4 3 2 1
system (Mobile OS) used

 1.3.1. Android

 1.3.2. iOS

 1.3.3. Symbian OS
 68

 1.3.4. Nokia OS

 1.3.5. BlackBerry OS

1.4. Types of Network Provider 4 3 2 1

 1.4.1. Globe

 1.4.2. Smart

 1.4.3. TNT

 1.4.4. TM

 1.4.5. DITO

 1.4.6. eSIM

 1.4.7. GOMO

1.5. Process of using the RFID System 4 3 2 1

 1.5.1. When the RFID card/tags are

tapped at the system, the process
requires effort.
 1.5.2. When the RFID card/tags are
tapped at the system, the process
requires less effort.
 1.5.3. When the RFID card/tags are
tapped at the system, the process
requires no effort.
2. What is the level of acceptability in terms
4 3 2 1
of RFID Cards and RFID Tags

 RFID cards are more convenient to use.

 RFID tags are more convenient to use.

 69

 Both RFID cards and tags are

convenient to use.

C. Suggestions and Recommendations

Directions: Kindly read each question carefully, then write in your answers in the
space provided beneath the questions.

1. What are your suggestions to the acceptability of embedded RFID in students’

automated attendance and instant parents notification?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. What are your recommendations to the acceptability of embedded RFID in

students’ automated attendance and instant parents notification?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
 70

Appendix B. Letter for respondents

 71

Appendix C. Permit to conduct