CO I: INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL STEEL AND DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS

1. The property of steel that allows it to return to its original shape after deformation is:
a) Elasticity
b) Plasticity
c) Ductility
d) Toughness
Answer: a) Elasticity

2. Which structural steel section is commonly used for beams in construction?

a) T-section
b) I-section
c) Angle section
d) Channel section
Answer: b) I-section

3. Limit State Design ensures:

a) Cost-effectiveness and minimal material use
b) Safety and serviceability of structures
c) Aesthetic appeal of structures
d) Uniform stress distribution
Answer: b) Safety and serviceability of structures

4. The live load on a structure refers to:

a) The weight of the structural components
b) Variable loads like people or furniture
c) Wind forces acting on the structure
d) Loads due to seismic activity
Answer: b) Variable loads like people or furniture

5. Riveted joints fail primarily due to:

a) Shearing of rivets
b) Yielding of plates
c) Crushing of rivets
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

6. In steel construction, welding is preferred over riveting because it:

a) Is easier to dismantle
b) Requires less precision
c) Reduces the overall weight of the structure
d) Is suitable for all weather conditions
Answer: c) Reduces the overall weight of the structure

7. High Strength Friction Grip (HSFG) bolts are primarily used for:
a) Temporary structures
b) Resisting shear and slip
c) Lightweight constructions
d) Flexural joints
Answer: b) Resisting shear and slip

8. Dead load on a structure includes:

a) The weight of moving vehicles
b) Seismic forces acting on the structure
c) The weight of the structural components
d) Wind forces
Answer: c) The weight of the structural components

9. In bolted connections, the strength of the joint depends on:

a) Bolt diameter and spacing
b) Type of steel used
c) Shear capacity of the bolts
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

10. Welding may cause residual stresses in the structure due to:
a) Uneven cooling
b) Bolt tightening
c) Uniform temperature
d) Use of rivets
Answer: a) Uneven cooling

COII – 1 MARK MCQ

1. In bolted connections, the force transfer occurs through:

a) Friction only
b) Shear and bearing
c) Weld metal
d) Tensile forces in bolts
Answer: b) Shear and bearing

2. Riveted joints are classified based on:

a) Shape of rivets
b) Method of load transfer and arrangement
c) Type of steel used
d) Size of rivets
Answer: b) Method of load transfer and arrangement

3. The main advantage of welded joints over bolted and riveted joints is:
a) Higher strength and lighter structure
b) Ease of dismantling
c) Resistance to corrosion
d) Low cost of installation
Answer: a) Higher strength and lighter structure

4. Eccentric connections are designed to resist:

a) Axial loads only
b) Moments and axial forces
c) Shear forces only
d) Pure bending stresses
Answer: b) Moments and axial forces

5. Efficiency of a joint is defined as:

a) The ratio of the joint strength to the base metal strength
b) The ratio of the joint cost to its strength
c) The load-carrying capacity of the joint
d) The life span of the joint
Answer: a) The ratio of the joint strength to the base metal strength

6. In HSFG bolts, the frictional resistance is achieved by:

a) Tensioning the bolt to a high preload
b) Using larger diameter bolts
c) Increasing the number of bolts
d) Using high-strength materials for the plates
Answer: a) Tensioning the bolt to a high preload
7. The design shear capacity of a bolted joint depends on:
a) Bolt material only
b) Bolt diameter, grade, and shear plane
c) The number of bolts in the connection
d) The type of coating used on bolts
Answer: b) Bolt diameter, grade, and shear plane

8. In riveted joints, the failure modes include:

a) Shear of rivets
b) Bearing failure of plates
c) Tearing of plates
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

9. The type of welding used to join structural members is usually:

a) Gas welding
b) Arc welding
c) Resistance welding
d) Forge welding
Answer: b) Arc welding

10. In eccentric connections, the primary design consideration is:

a) Reducing the number of fasteners
b) Ensuring the joint can resist moment and shear
c) Using lightweight materials
d) Minimizing fabrication costs
Answer: b) Ensuring the joint can resist moment and shear

UNIT II: TENSION MEMBERS

1. The shear lag effect in tension members is caused by:

a) Uneven stress distribution
b) Excessive welding
c) Large bolt spacing
d) High tension force
Answer: a) Uneven stress distribution
2. Lug angles are provided to:
a) Increase eccentricity
b) Decrease stress concentration
c) Provide additional stiffness
d) Reduce the net cross-sectional area
Answer: c) Provide additional stiffness

3. A tension splice is required when:

a) A member's length is greater than standard length
b) Member is under compression
c) Connections are eccentric
d) Welded connections are not possible
Answer: a) A member's length is greater than standard length

4. The design strength of a tension member depends on:

a) Gross area
b) Net area
c) Both gross and net area
d) Thickness of the member
Answer: c) Both gross and net area

5. Tension members fail due to:

a) Shear
b) Buckling
c) Yielding of the gross section
d) Crushing
Answer: c) Yielding of the gross section

6. Which is NOT a factor affecting the design of tension members?

a) Slenderness ratio
b) Shear lag
c) Net cross-sectional area
d) Effective length
Answer: d) Effective length

7. To reduce shear lag in tension members:

a) Use fewer bolts
b) Increase member length
c) Use plates instead of angles
d) Weld all elements completely
Answer: d) Weld all elements completely

8. The net section area of a tension member is:

a) Gross area + Bolt holes
b) Gross area - Bolt holes
c) Only the area of the bolt holes
d) Area including welds
Answer: b) Gross area - Bolt holes

9. Built-up tension members are used when:

a) The load is small
b) The member length is short
c) A single section is inadequate
d) Cost reduction is necessary
Answer: c) A single section is inadequate

10. Tension splices should be located where:

a) The member is under maximum stress
b) The stress is minimum
c) The connection is eccentric
d) Member length is the longest
Answer: b) The stress is minimum

UNIT III: COMPRESSION MEMBERS

1. The primary difference between short and long columns is determined by:
a) Cross-sectional area
b) Radius of gyration
c) Slenderness ratio
d) Effective length
Answer: c) Slenderness ratio

2. Euler's column theory is applicable when the column:

a) Is made of steel only
b) Buckles elastically
c) Fails by crushing
d) Has zero slenderness ratio
Answer: b) Buckles elastically

3. The critical buckling load in a column is inversely proportional to:

a) Slenderness ratio
b) Radius of gyration
c) Effective length squared
d) Column height
Answer: c) Effective length squared

4. Lacing in a built-up column is provided to:

a) Reduce weight
b) Prevent local buckling of components
c) Reduce the effective length
d) Distribute load evenly
Answer: b) Prevent local buckling of components
5. A slab base is used when:
a) The load is heavy and uniform
b) The column is slender
c) A flexible support is required
d) The column is short
Answer: a) The load is heavy and uniform

6. Gusseted bases are preferred for:

a) Light loads
b) Heavily loaded columns
c) Trusses
d) Laced columns
Answer: b) Heavily loaded columns

7. A column with battens requires battens to:

a) Resist axial load
b) Provide lateral stability
c) Reduce slenderness ratio
d) Absorb bending stresses
Answer: b) Provide lateral stability

8. The slenderness ratio of a compression member is given by:

a) Lr\frac{L}{r}rL
b) rL\frac{r}{L}Lr
c) LA\frac{L}{A}AL
d) AL\frac{A}{L}LA
Answer: a) Lr\frac{L}{r}rL

9. The minimum slenderness ratio for a compression member should be:

a) Less than 12
b) Greater than 180
c) Between 40 and 50
d) Less than 40
Answer: d) Less than 40

10. For stability, the effective length of a column is:

a) Equal to its unsupported length
b) Less than its unsupported length
c) Greater than its unsupported length
d) Dependent on end conditions
Answer: d) Dependent on end conditions

UNIT IV: BEAMS

1. A laterally supported beam is designed to resist:

a) Axial forces
b) Shear forces only
c) Bending moments without lateral-torsional buckling
d) Local buckling only
Answer: c) Bending moments without lateral-torsional buckling

2. Lateral-torsional buckling occurs in beams when:

a) The beam is laterally supported
b) The beam is slender and unsupported laterally
c) The beam is subjected to axial loads
d) The beam is overloaded in shear
Answer: b) The beam is slender and unsupported laterally

3. In a plate girder, stiffeners are provided to:

a) Resist axial compression
b) Increase bending strength
c) Prevent local buckling of the web
d) Enhance flexibility
Answer: c) Prevent local buckling of the web

4. Shear force in a beam is maximum at:

a) Midspan
b) Support
c) Point of zero bending moment
d) Point of contraflexure
Answer: b) Support

5. Flanges in an I-section beam are provided to:

a) Resist shear forces
b) Resist bending moments
c) Reduce the beam's weight
d) Prevent buckling of the web
Answer: b) Resist bending moments

6. Built-up beams are used when:

a) A single section is insufficient to carry the load
b) The beam length is short
c) Uniform loads are applied
d) The bending moment is negligible
Answer: a) A single section is insufficient to carry the load

7. The neutral axis of a beam is:

a) The axis of maximum stress
b) The axis of zero shear force
c) The axis of zero bending stress
d) The centroidal axis
Answer: c) The axis of zero bending stress
8. A beam subjected to uniformly distributed load (UDL) will have maximum bending moment at:
a) Midspan
b) Supports
c) Quarter span
d) Ends
Answer: a) Midspan

9. The moment of inertia of a rectangular beam section about its neutral axis is proportional to:
a) Breadth
b) Height squared
c) Breadth and height squared
d) Width cubed
Answer: c) Breadth and height squared

10. For beams, deflection is directly proportional to:

a) Load and span squared
b) Span and load
c) Load and span cubed
d) Load squared and span
Answer: c) Load and span cubed

UNIT V: INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES

1. The primary function of a roof truss is to:

a) Resist axial loads
b) Support roofing material and transfer loads
c) Act as a beam
d) Provide insulation
Answer: b) Support roofing material and transfer loads

2. A purlin in a roof truss is designed to:

a) Support truss loads
b) Support roofing sheets
c) Provide lateral stability
d) Resist axial tension
Answer: b) Support roofing sheets

3. Gantry girders are used in industrial buildings to:

a) Support roof trusses
b) Carry crane loads
c) Resist wind loads
d) Provide lateral stability
Answer: b) Carry crane loads

4. The most commonly used section for purlins is:

a) Angle section
b) I-section
c) Channel section
d) T-section
Answer: c) Channel section

5. In pre-engineered buildings, the main advantage is:

a) Customization
b) Faster construction and cost efficiency
c) Heavy steel sections
d) Reduced maintenance
Answer: b) Faster construction and cost efficiency

6. Roof truss design primarily depends on:

a) Wind load and live load
b) Dead load and moment
c) Wind load and bending stress
d) Live load and axial force
Answer: a) Wind load and live load

7. The end bearings in roof trusses are provided to:

a) Allow movement
b) Resist bending stress
c) Reduce stress concentration
d) Transfer loads to supports
Answer: d) Transfer loads to supports

8. In gantry girders, the maximum bending moment occurs at:

a) The midpoint
b) Near the support
c) At the point of load application
d) At the free end
Answer: c) At the point of load application

9. Pre-engineered buildings are most suitable for:

a) High-rise residential buildings
b) Warehouses and industrial sheds
c) Earthquake-prone areas
d) Bridges
Answer: b) Warehouses and industrial sheds

10. Loads on roof trusses include:

a) Wind load, dead load, and live load
b) Earthquake load and shear load
c) Dead load and axial load
d) Torsional load and bending moment
Answer: a) Wind load, dead load, and live load