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Lecture 7

chemical engineering

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15 views6 pages

Lecture 7

chemical engineering

Uploaded by

gzosama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction for Chemical Engineering I

Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Example 2.17
formaldehyde CH2O is produced indstrially by catalytic oxidation of methanol CH3OH
according to the reaction

𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 + 1⁄2 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂

Unfortunately, under the conditions used a significant portion of the formaldehyde reacts
with o2 according to

𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 + 1⁄2 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂

Assume that methanol and twice the stichiometric amount of air needed for complete
conversion of the CH3OH to the desired products (CH2O) are fed to the reactor. Also
assume 90% conversion of the methanol results, and that 75% yield of formaldehyde occurs
based on theoretical production of it. Determine the composition of the product gas leaving
the reactor.

Example 2.18
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

In a batch process, a tank is charged with 400 kg of a 12% solution of glucose in


water. After fermentation, 120 kg of CO2 are produced and 90 kg of un-reacted
glucose remains in the broth.
𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 → 2𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 2𝐶𝑂2
𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 → 2𝐶2 𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 𝐻 + 2𝐻2 𝑂
What are the weight (mass) percents of ethanol and propenoic acid in the broth at
the end of the fermentation process? Assume that none of the glucose is
assimilated into bacteria.

Example 2.19
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6
Q2/1000 kg of C2H4O is produced from Ethanol is dehydrogenate C2H5OH in the presence of air over a
catalyst and a following reactions take place:
P2
𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 → 𝐶2 𝐻4 𝑂
0.7% CO2
2𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 3𝑂2 → 4𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 2.3% CO

2𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 2𝐻2 → 4𝐶𝐻4 + 𝑂2 2.1% O2

F1 Catalytic 7.1% H2

100% C2H5OH Reactor 2.6% CH4

N2 85.2 %
F2

Air P1

100% C2H4O

Material Balances involving Combustion


Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Combustion is the reaction of a substance with oxygen and release of energy and
produce gases such as H2O, CO2, CO, and SO2.
Flue or stack gas: all the gases resulting from a combustion process including the
water vapour (wet basis).
Orsat analysis or dry basis: all the gases resulting from a combustion process not
including the water vapour.
Complete combustion: the complete reaction of the hydrocarbon fuel producing
CO2, SO2, and H2O.
Partial Combustion : the combustion of the fuel producing at least CO.
Theoretical air/oxygen: the minimum amount of air/oxygen required to be
brought into the process for complete combustion
Excess air/oxygen: the amount of air/oxygen in excess of that required for
complete combustion

Example 2.20
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6
Calculate the composition of flue gas? Wet/dry

Example 2.21
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6
A coal with following composition was burnt

The roast analysis of the gas from the stack was

Moisture in the fuel was 3.9%, and the air on the average contained 0.0048lb H 2O/lb dry air.
The refuse showed 14% unburned coal with the remainder being ash. Calculate the percent
the excess air was used?

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