Final project Report

Project Supervisor

Submitted By

bc210423604
bc180406899

Software Projects & Research Section,

Department of Computer Sciences,
Virtual University of Pakistan

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Zara Mahmood Ali (bc210423604), Ahsan Ali Chaudhary
(bc180406899) have worked on and completed their Software Project at Software & Research
Projects Section, Department of Computer Sciences, Virtual University of Pakistan in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BS in Computer Sciences under my guidance
and supervision.

In our opinion, it is satisfactory and up to the mark and therefore fulfills the requirements of
BS in Computer Sciences.

Supervisor / Internal Examiner

Supervisor,
Software Projects & Research Section,
Department of Computer Sciences
Virtual University of Pakistan

___________________
(Signature)

External Examiner/Subject Specialist

___________________

(Signature) Accepted By:

_____________

(For office use)

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 EXORDIUM

In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of Creation,

The Compassionate, the Merciful,
King of Judgment-day!

You alone we worship, and to you alone we pray for help,

Guide us to the straight path

The path of those who you have favored,

Not of those who have incurred your wrath,

Nor of those who have gone astray.

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 DEDICATED TO

This project is dedicated to Allah Almighty my creator, my source of wisdom knowledge and
understanding. He has been source of my strength throughout this project.
The endless love, support and trust of my beloved parents without whom I am nothing.
I also dedicate this project to my sisters and brother who always encourage me to make sure
that I give it all it take to finish that which I have started.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Prior to anyone else I owe too much to Almighty Allah who induced the man with intelligence,
knowledge and wisdom, who bestowed upon me the ability to complete this tiresome task
successfully and who is always there to listen me in every critical phase of my life. He who
doesn’t thank to people is not thankful to Allah. Peace and blessing of Allah be upon the
HOLLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H) who exhorted his followers to seek for knowledge from cradle
to grave.

In the light of above saying of HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H). I feel like to express my heartiest
and sincere gratitude to my respected and honorable project supervisor Ms. Nelam Alam
lecturer of computer science in Virtual University, Lahore whose keen interest and
encouragement has been a source of great help throughout this project. Who despite her busiest
tiring routine work provided her guidance and valuable suggestion throughout project efforts.

I feel highly privilege to express my sincere gratitude and my deep sense of indebtedness to
my sweet, affectionate, graceful and beloved Parents because without their prayer, friendship,
love, encouragement and interest, I was not able to complete this project.

I found no words to express my cordial thanks to my beloved Sisters and Brother who always
wish to see me flying high above the skies of success.

I am truly very thankful to my Project Member who helped me in every phase and step of
project.

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 PREFACE

The modern era of technology has a tremendous impact on society. With the creation of
ultimate virtual assistants, chatbot have become a popular entity in the conversational service.
Chatbot are becoming ubiquitous trends in my fields such as medicine, product, service
industry and education.

Chatbot’s are computer program design to stimulate conversation with human user especially
over the internet.

Some chatbot’s are prewritten scripts and response to answer/question and provide information
to user while other use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms to generate
response based on the input they receive.

One common approach to creating chatbot is to use natural language processing (NLP) system
to understand and interrupt the user input, and then generate a response based on that input.
This can be done using a rule-based system, where the chatbots follows a set of predetermined
rules to respond to user input or using machine learning based system, where the chatbot is
trained on a dataset of example conversation and learns to generate responds based on pattern
and relationship in data.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. 1
GATHERING & ANALYZING INFO……………………………………………….9-14

1.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….10

1.2 PURPOSE………………………………………………………………10

1.3 SCOPE…………………………………………………………………10

1.4 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS……………………..13

1.5 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS……………………………………………………...15-17

1.5.1 Functional Requirements………………………………………..15

1.5.2 Non-Functional Requirements…………………………………..16

1.6 USE CASES AND USAGE SCENARIOS………………………………………………18-25

1.6.1 Use Case Diagrams……………………………………………..18

1.6.2 Usage Scenarios…………………………………………………19

1.7 DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY……………………………………………….25-30

1.7.1 Chosen Methodology…………………………………………..29

1.7.2 Reasons for Chosen Methodology……………………………..29

1.7.2 Work Plan (Gantt Chart)……………………………………….30

1.7.2 Project Schedule (Submission Calendar)………………………30

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CHAPTER NO. 2

DESIGNING THE PROJECT ....................................................................................... 31

2.1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………32

2.2 PURPOSE……………………………………………………………………...32

2.3 SCOPE………………………………………………………………………...32

2.4 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS………………………………...33

2.5 ENTITY REALTIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)………………………………………34

2.6 DYNAMIC MODEL: SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS……………………………………..35

2.7 ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION (ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM)…………….41

2.8 OBJECT MODEL/LOGICAL MODEL: CLASS DIAGRAM………………………….42

2.9 DATABASE MODEL (DATABASE DIAGRAM)……………………………………..43

2.9 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES…………………………………………………44

CHAPTER NO.3

DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................53

3.1 DEVELOPMENT PLAN (ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM)…………………………54

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CHAPTER Gathering
1 And
Analyzing
Information

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The project was focus on developing educational chatbot. It is use in online education system.
Students need answers related to their queries about programming courses urgently. Studies
have indicated that human-like Chatbot’s lead to greater satisfaction and trust among
customers, leading to greater adoption of the chatbot.
Educational chatbots are software programmers that replicate human conversation and provide
automated educational help to students and educators by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)
and natural language processing (NLP) technology. These chatbots are programmed to
interpret the user’s questions and react with relevant and useful information. Educational
chatbots can be used to answer inquiries, provide study tools, provide feedback, and even
provide personalized coaching. They provide a more interesting and interactive learning
environment for students and can help educators save time by automating repetitive processes.

Education chatbots are conversational bots used by EdTech companies, universities, schools
or any educational institute. They are virtual assistants that help teach students, evaluate papers,
get student and alumni data, update curriculums and coordinate admission processes.

World is changing day by day. Also the education system has undergone a lot of changes by
the use of information and communication technology. ICT gives equal opportunity to
everyone to play his/her role to achieve global goals. Artificial intelligence has provided the
way to operate education system. It has shifted the level of knowledge acquisition towards
knowledge creation. (UNESCO, 2011) Artificial intelligence has made marked changes in
education system. By using chatbot system, it supports teaching learning activities (Okonkwo
& Ade-Ibijola, 2020). By using different tools of Chatbot system, Teachers become able to
execute teaching process through classroom as well as online platform.
In education system, information is collected and transferred by using different tools of chatbot.
Students have opportunity to get desire results by uploading their relevant detail and data. By
using similar method, teachers may also share important information with students. A lot
research has been done on the benefits of using tools of chatbot in the education system. It is
used not only to answer the questions of students but also help them to understand the concept
of computer programming. It accesses the abilities of students.
Needs
Chatbot’s are the software programmers that respond messages by choosing correct expression
from a pre-programmed scheme. Some bots have the ability to run automatically, while some
perform commands when they receive relevant input (Colace et al., 2018). Thus, chatbots have
evolved over time and now some chatbots can include features like recognition and oral
expression, detection of emotional state to communicate with a person (ZEMCIK, 2019;
Gracia, Fuertes and Molas, 2018). The advantage of using chatbots in education is that they
can be made available 24 X 7 and have qualities like persistence, honest, reactive and friendly.

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Objectives

Chatbots can support students in finding course details quickly by connecting them to key
information. This can lighten the load for instructional faculty, as the chatbot can serve as the
first line of communication regarding assignment details, homework resources, due dates etc.
Education Chatbot are conversational bots. Therefore Ed Tech companies, schools, universities
or any educational institute use them. They are virtual subordinates that help in many ways
such as to teach students, evaluate papers, get student and alumni data, update curriculums and
coordinate admission processes.
Goals
Business efficiency is improved by using Chatbot because it perform routine support task
automatically. It can save businesses as much as 30% on their customer support costs. It can
convert rejected cart transactions into sales and generate revenue. Through automation, it
supports customers.
1. It provides structured and up-to-date information in studies and their application areas.
2. It brings the advantages of using Chatbot systems for educational purposes
3. It recognizes the major challenges associated with the use of Chatbot systems in education.
4. It will aid in the identification of some important areas of education that require further
investigation to advance the educational system.

The aim of using chatbots in education is not to replace the teacher but to reduce the burden of
repetitive and low cognitive level tasks carried out by the teacher and thus increase her/his
efficiency. Chatbots can also engaged students in classroom activities by providing them with
interactive quizzes. Students can also ask take the help of chatbots to access information that
is difficult to find in a Learning Management System (LMS) environment at any time and
place.

Chatbots can also be useful in hybrid courses that mix face-to-face classroom experiences with
student self-directed learning online. In class, AI based chatbot applications can also take
attendance and perform other administrative functions. Some institutions have begun to use AI
to help grade tests and even assess some student work (Artificial Intelligence and Chatbots in
Higher Education, 2020)

Phases of chatbot
1) Menu/button-based chatbots
2) Linguistic Based (Rule-Based Chatbots)
3) Keyword recognition-based chatbots
4) Machine Learning chatbots
5) The hybrid model
6) Voice bots

Task of chatbot

 Virtual personal tutoring

 Student engagement
 Student support
 Teacher’s assistant

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  Administrative companion
 Proactive assistance
 Feedback collection
 Assessment and evaluation
 Data repository
 Student sentiment analysis

Chatbot Resource

Help center
API and developer
Blogger’s

What are the components of a chatbot?

 The user flow - Starting with intents
 Fetching a response
 Backend Integration

What should you consider while developing your chatbot’s architecture?

Before building your chatbot, remember your audience. The following factors must be
considered to ensure usability and a seamless customer experience:

 User-friendliness
 Speed
 Support for languages
 Compatibility with channels such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Slack, etc.
 Back-end integrations such as CRM solutions, Google Calendar for extended usability.
 Analytics and feedback provision

Steps to create chatbot

1) Audience
2) Goal
3) Performance
4) Key Intents
5) Storytelling
6) Platform Strengths
7) Feedback

Factors Affecting Chatbot Cost

There are a variety of factors that often affect chatbot costs.

 DIY approach or custom development

 Business goals
 The number of supported platforms
 The type of integration you want

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  The kind of internal processes you want the bot to handle
 The complexity of data analysis with AI

ACRONYMS
 Bots
 ID
 Opt
 API
 CRM
 NLP

Abbreviation
 SRS
 Ed Tech
 LMS
 VU
 ICT
 DIY
 UNESCO
 FIFO

Definition
SRS
A software requirement specification (SRS) is a document that describe what the software will
do and how it will be expected to perform. It also describe the functionality the products needs
to fulfill the needs of all stakeholders.
API
An Application Programming Interface (API) is a way for two or more computer programs to
communicate with each other. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other piece
of software.
CRM
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a set of integrated, data-driven software
solution that help manage, track and store information related to your company’s current and
potential customers.
ED Tech
Educational Technology (Ed Tech) is the combined used of computer hardware, software and
educational theory to practice and facilitate learning.

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LMS
Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application for the administration,
documentation, tracking, reporting, automation and delivery of the educational courses,
training programs, materials and development programs.
ICT
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is a broader term of information
technology (IT) which refers to all communication technologies, including the internet,
wireless network, cellphone, computer, software, middleware, video-conferencing, social
networking and other media application service.
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a
specialized agency of the United Nations aimed at promoting world peace and security through
international cooperation in education, arts, science and culture.
FIFO
First In First Out (FIFO) is an accounting method used in managing inventory and finical
matters involving the amount of money a company has to have tied within inventory produced
goods, raw materials, parts or components.
NLP
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the ability of a computer program to understand human
language as it is spoken and written. It is a component of artificial intelligence (AI).

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Functional Requirements:

1. Register
The system will allow administrator to register/add/remove the user.

2. Chabot Interface
The system will allow administrator to create chatbot interface.

3. User Role
The system will allow user to play different roles such as post a message and discuss on
something.

4. Chatbot Role
The system will allow chatbot to play different roles. The main role of chatbot is providing
information to user.

5. User login
The system will allow user to login to the interface.

6. Customize Chatbot
The system will allow the administrator to customize the chatbot interface.

7. Access Chatbot setting

The system will allow the user to access chatbot setting.

8. Handle live chat

The chatbot interface allow administrator to handle live chats.

9. Mange tickets
The chatbot allow administrator to manage live tickets.

10. Reply to tickets

The administrator reply to tickets.

11. Chatting and asking queries

The system allow user to chat/discuss on topic and ask queries related to topic.

12. Modify and embedded

The systems allow admin to modify and embedded the interface.

13. Update Chatbot

The system allow administrator to update the chatbot interface.
Update chatbot interface was advance and better than from previous.

14. Logout
The user will be able to logout from the interface.

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Non-functional requirement
1. Performance
2. Usability
3. Accessibility
4. Availability
5. Efficiency
6. User friendly display
7. Reliability
8. Maintainability
9. Security

Performance
How fast does the system return results?
Usability
It refers to how easy is it for a customer to use the system?
Usability is a quality attribute that assesses how easy user interfaces are to use. The word
"usability" also refers to methods for improving ease-of-use during the design process
Accessibility:
Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access”. This software should have a reliable
access method.
Availability
Availability refers to the percentage of time that the infrastructure, system, or solution remains
operational under normal circumstances in order to serve its intended purpose.
Efficiency:
This application will be very efficient. It use advance tools and technique to share or get
information
User friendly display:
In this application, the atmosphere will be user friendly. The students can access his account
very easily. They ask queries about their related topics.
Reliability:
In this application, reliability will also be taken into consideration. Reliability specifies how
likely the system or its element would run without a failure for a given period of time under
predefined conditions.
For example
If a student with wrong password can want to get access, it will not permit to access his account.

Maintainability
Maintainability defines the time required for a solution or its component to be fixed, changed
to increase performance or other qualities, or adapted to a changing

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Security
Security is a non-functional requirement assuring all data inside the system or its part will be
protected against malware attacks or unauthorized access.

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 Chatbot interface <<extend>> building of chatbot

Register
Chatbot selection/creation

<<extend>>

Admin User login

Customize chatbot Manage ticket

Modify/Update
<<extend>>
<<extend>>

Handle live chat <<extend>> Access chatbot setting

Create ticket

Reply to ticket
Customer
<<include>>

<<extend>>
extended Asking queries

Pass the message

Forward message

Forward responce

Chatbot API
Logout

Figure 1: Use case diagrams

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Usage Scenario 1
Use Case Title Chatbot interface
Use Case Id CSIT-01
Requirement Id 1
Description: This use case is about creating a new interface for users. User can ask queries
about educational and business issues.
Pre-Conditions:
1. Admin add correct login ID.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Administrator opts to add a new user account. Cancel/remove
account of users.
2. System asks for necessary information. Create error if
information is un-
valid.
3. Administrator provides all the required information and opts to
complete the operation.
4. There is a problem in the data provided; some data needs to be Create error if login
corrected. ID or password is
 Administrator checks the available information and incorrect.
corrects the error.
 Administrator continues from the step 3.
5. System after confirmation adds the new account.
6. System sends the account creation email to the administrator’s
email id and user’s email address.
Post Conditions:
A new user account is successfully created.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Administrator
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

Usage scenario 2
Use Case Title Register
Use Case Id CSIT-02
Requirement Id 2
Description: This use case is about register the users on interface.
Pre-Conditions:
1. The user send request to admin for issue of registration form.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Administrator opts to add a new user account. Accept/reject
registration forum
of users.
2. System asks for necessary information. Create error if
information is un-
valid.

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 3. Administrator provides all the required information and opts to If information
complete the operation. provided by user
doesn’t verify then
system doesn’t
register the user.
4. There is a problem in the data provided; some data needs to be If user doesn’t
corrected. provide password
 Administrator checks the available information and or if both password
corrects the error. are incorrect,
 Administrator continues from the step 3. system will
respond to retype
password.
5. System after confirmation adds the new account.
6. System sends the account creation email to the administrator’s
email id and user’s email address.
Post Conditions:
System registers the user and saves its information in database.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Administrator
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc21042360

Usage scenario 3

Use Case Title User login

Use Case Id CSIT-03
Requirement Id 3
Description: The user will login in the system. The student will have to provide his e-mail
ID and password for logging in. Password should be containing alphabet, numeric and
symbol.
Pre-Conditions:
 User has register in the system
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Administrator opts to add a new user account.
2. System asks for necessary information. Show error if email
ID and password is
incorrect
3. Administrator provides all the required information and opts to
complete the operation.
4. There is a problem in the data provided; some data needs to be
corrected.
 Administrator checks the available information and
corrects the error.
 Administrator continues from the step 3.
5. System after confirmation adds the new account.
6. System sends the account creation email to the administrator’s
email id and user’s email address.
Post Conditions:

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 User has successfully login in the system
Unresolved issues:
Authority: User
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

Usage scenario 4
Use Case Title Customize Chatbot
Use Case Id CSIT-04
Requirement Id 4
Description: This use case is about change or alters the interface according to individual
specification.
Pre-Conditions:
 The admin reboot/restart the system to make advancement.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Administrator opts to add new features in interface.
2. System asks for necessary information.
3. Administrator provides all the required information and opts to The system will
complete the operation. generate exception
if data/code is
incorrect or already
present in it.
4. There is a problem in the data provided; some data needs to be
corrected.
 Administrator checks the available information and
corrects the error.
 Administrator continues from the step 3.
5. System after confirmation adds new features.
Post Conditions:
The admin install new features in interface.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Administrator
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

Usage scenario 5
Use Case Title Access to chatbot setting
Use Case Id CSIT-05
Requirement Id 5
Description: The admin will be able to access the setting of interface anytime.
Pre-Conditions:
 The admin will be able to access chatbot setting.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Administrator opts to change account.

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 2. System asks for necessary information. Create error if
information is not
true.
3. Administrator provides all the required information and opts to
complete the operation.
4. There is a problem in the data provided; some data needs to be
corrected.
 Administrator checks the available information and
corrects the error.
 Administrator continues from the step 3.
5. System after confirmation changes the setting.
Post Conditions:
The setting of interface change according to the user needs and requirements.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Administrator
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

Usage scenario 6
Use Case Title Create/compose ticket
Use Case Id CSIT-06
Requirement Id 6
Description: This use case is about to compose ticket.
Pre-Conditions:
 The users go in the setting and click on compose button to compose ticket.
 The users add his/her ID.
 The users add the address of admin.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. The users go to the setting to compose ticket.
2. The users click on compose button to compose ticket.
3. The users add his/her ID.
4. The users type question to be asked in rectangular box. Ignore invalid
question
5. The users add the address of admin and send it. If address is not
true it is not receive
by admin.
Post Conditions:
The user check the status whether the ticket is receive or not.
The user check the whether the ticket is answered or pending.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: User
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

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Usage scenario 7
Use Case Title Reply to ticket
Use Case Id CSIT-07
Requirement Id 7
Description: The admin give answer/response to user queries.
Pre-Conditions:
 The user creates the ticket.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Administrator opts to receive ticket.
2. System asks for necessary information.
3. The queries receive in FIFO method.
4. There is a problem in the data provided; some data needs to be Not answer the
corrected. irrelevant query.
5. Admin answer the query and send response to user.
Post Conditions:
The users get response/answer of his/her query.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Administrator
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

Usage scenario 8
Use Case Title Asking queries
Use Case Id CSIT-08
Requirement Id 8
Description: This use case is about to ask queries.
Pre-Conditions:
 The query should be valid.
 The query should be related to topic.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. The user read the data carefully.
2. If user found some problem in data then he/she ask query. The admin remove
the user if he/she
ask for invalid
information.
3. For asking queries user should compose ticket.
Post Conditions:
The users get the response of query.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: User
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

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Usage scenario 9
Use Case Title Forward the message
Use Case Id CSIT-09
Requirement Id 9
Description: This use case allows Chatbot API to forward the message.
Pre-Conditions:
 The chatbot API receive the message from user.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. The chatbot API receive the message from user.
2. The chatbot API forward the message to admin for further Error in database
processing.
Post Conditions:
The chatbot receive the response of message from admin.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Chatbot API
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc21042360

Usage scenario 10
Use Case Title Forward the response
Use Case Id CSIT-10
Requirement Id 10
Description: This use case allows chatbot API to forward the response to user.
Pre-Conditions:
 The answer should have all information that asks in query.
 The answer should be easily understood by user.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. The admin send answer to chatbot API.
2. The chatbot API forward the message/response to user.
3. User read the answer and understands it. If user doesn’t
satisfy with answer
then he/she again
asks the same
question.
Post Conditions:
The user check the answer whether his/her confusion about query is solved or not.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Chatbot API
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

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Usage scenario 11
Use Case Title Logout
Use Case Id CSIT-11
Requirement Id 11
Description: This use case provides a logout, by this customer logout on website/interface.
Pre-Conditions:
 Customer has to request the system for logout by clicking on logout.
Task Sequence Exceptions
1. Student click at logout button in the system interface. System verifies the
status of user.
Post Conditions:
If user in payment status or data losable status show error message to user.
Unresolved issues:
Authority: Administrator
Modification history: 1.0
Author: bc210423604

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Methodologies:
The software development life cycle is a process of organize information system and
methodologies that people use to develop these system.
Methodology is generally a protocol for solving a problem, with specific components such as
phases, task, method, technique and tools.
Existing Methodologies
There are a number of methodologies that are used in today’s computer life according to the
project. The existing methodologies are given below.
Waterfall Model
The waterfall model provides a precise sequence of development steps and help to ensure the
competency of documentation and design reviews to ensure the accuracy, quality and
maintainability of development software.
The waterfall model is a documentation-driven model. It therefore creates complete and far-
reaching documentation and hence makes the maintenance task much easier.
Advantages:
 It is a linear model and therefore it is easy to implement.
 Waterfall model provides a template into which methods for analysis, design, coding,
testing and support can be placed.
 It remains a widely used procedural model for software engineering.
 Least amount of resources is required to implement this model.
 Production of documentation at every stage of this model is advantageous.

Disadvantages

 Working software is produced during end of the life cycle.

 Greater chance of risk and uncertainty.
 For complex and object-oriented projects, it is not suitable.
 Poor model for long and ongoing projects.
 Changing requirements are not accommodated.

Figure 2: Water fall model

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Rapid Application Development Model:

Rapid application development is a software development methodology, which involves

continual development and the construction of prototypes. It combines various structured
techniques, especially the data driven Information Engineering with prototyping techniques
to boost up software system development.

It is a high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model in which fully functional system in
a very short time (2-3 months). This model is only applicable in the projects where
requirements are well understood and project scope is constrained. Because of this reason it is
used primarily for information system.

Figure 3: RAD model

Spiral Model
The main focus of this model is to avoid risk as there is always an element of risk in
development of software. In its simplified form, the Spiral Model is Waterfall Model plus risk
analysis.
In every stage, firstly alternatives are identifies. Then we identify risk and do risk analysis. The
next step is evaluation and planning. If we are unable to solve the risk, then our project is
terminated.
Advantages
 Risk managing features.
 Reflects real world practice.
 Systematics approach
 Estimate budget and schedule.
 Client satisfaction.
 Quality result.
Disadvantages
 Requires expertise in risk evaluation and reduction.
 Complex
 Relatively difficult to follow strictly.
 Applicable only for large system.
 High customized limiting re-usability.
 Applied differently for each application.
 Risk of not meeting budget or schedule.

27 | P a g e
 Figure 4: Spiral Model

Incremental model:
Incremental model is a process of software development where demands are divided into
multiple separate modules of software development cycle. In this model, each module goes
through the requirements, design, implementation and testing phases. Every following release
of the module adds function to the previous release. The process continues until the complete
system achieved.
Advantages
 Generate working software quickly.
 More flexible
 Less costly to change scope.
 Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and handled during its
iteration.
 Iteration is easily managed milestone.
Disadvantages

 Each phase of iteration is rigid and don’t overlap each other.

 Problem may arise pertaining to system architecture because not all requirements are
gathered up front for the entire software life cycle.
 Good planning is required.
 Module interphase must be well-defined.

Figure 5: Incremental Model

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Adopted Methodology:
I have studied all the methodologies then I choose the virtual university model from the
project. Universities also guide us that you must use virtual university model for project and
this model fulfill the project requirements.

The detail of VU model is as under

1) System requirement specification

2) Design phase
3) Test phase 1
4) Test phase 2
5) Development
6) Final report
7) Presentation and viva

Reasons for choosing the Methodology

 It is the formal method.

 It is type of top-down development.
 It is composed of independent phases to be done sequentially.
 In its resources can be held constant but the system size grows.

SRS

Design phase

Test phase 1

Test phase 2

Development

Final Report

Figure 6: Adopted Methodology

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 GANT CHART

Dec 2022 Jan 2023 Feb 2023 Mar 2023 Apr 2023
ID Task Name Start Finish Duration
12/25 1/1 1/8 1/15 1/22 1/29 2/5 2/12 2/19 2/26 3/5 3/12 3/19 3/26 4/2 4/9 4/16

1 SRS 12/22/2022 1/19/2023 21d

2 DESIGN 1/20/2023 2/24/2023 26d
3 PROTOTYPE PHASE 2/27/2023 3/29/2023 23d
4 FINAL DELIVERABLE 3/30/2023 8/7/2023 93d
5
6

Figure 7: Work Plan

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CHAPTER DESIGNING
2 THE
PROJECT

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The current document contains Entity relationship Diagram (ERD), Sequence Diagram, Class
Diagram, Architecture Design, Database Design, Interface Design and Test cases.

Benefits of design phase

1. It helps the software engineer in developing protocol of software and recognition of

pattern of operation that are setup at user level.
2. It makes the product and service profitable.
3. Customers gladly buy costly product that are good in appearance, provide higher
creditability, improved performance and stability.
4. It incorporates firmness through a series of testing that are practiced on any project. It
makes the developing process of product better by rating design across an organization
and makes sure improved delivery of product.
5. The design process makes it accessible for those different individuals to get involved
at the right time such as during marketing research, brainstorming, user testing and
design delivery.
6. It improves teamwork and alignment.
7. Set clear expectation.

The purpose of the Design Phase is to modify the requirements into complete and detailed
design specifications to determine how product will made. Once the design is approved, the
Development Team begins the Development Phase.

Project scope is a way to set boundaries on your project and define exactly what goals,
deadlines and project deliverable you will be working towards. By clarifying your project
scope, you can ensure you hit your project goals and objective without delay or overwork.

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Acronyms
NLU
INFO
API
ID
e.g
IT

Abbreviation
ERD
RASA

Definition
API
An Application Programming Interface (API) is a way for two or more computer programs to
communicate with each other. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other piece
of software.
ERD
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a graphical representation that describe the relationship
among people, objects, places or events within an information technology (IT) system.
RASA
RASA is a tool to build custom AI chatbots using python and natural language understanding.
NLU
Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a branch of artificial intelligence that use computer
software to understand input in the form of sentence using text or speech.

33 | P a g e
 An entity relationship diagram (ERD), is a graphical representation that build connection
among people, objects, places, concept or events within an information technology (IT)
system.

It enables the engineers to identify the defects in designs and model of new database before
their production has started.
First name Sur name Layout Working

Name Age others Standalone

Phone no

login ID Series

1 1
Admin modify Interface
Address 1 Language
1 1

Email ID

M Chatbot
setting Time zone
create
24*7
Avalability city
Multilingual
phone no address
Instance
responce
user ID
omni M M
channel
M M
Chatbot has User registration no
personalize M
interaction M M
user name
Data
security Easy live
date of
chat M registration
Response

Accept M
dataa
create
Ticket ID

Forward
Ticket no
Drop data ask
M

forward Ticket
Ticket
Authentication
address
M Perform
calculation
Data Add data
format
1 M
Change
1 M data
Error handling
Chatbot API reply Queries
Delete data

Troubleshooting

34 | P a g e
A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram because it show how and in what order a
group of objects works together.

These diagrams enable software developers and business professionals to understand needs for
new system or to report an existing system. Sequence diagram are sometimes known as event
diagram and event scenario.

A. Register User

Chatbot
Admin API Database
Register user

Create account

Okay

Register user sucessfully

B. Admin/User login

Admin/ Chatbot
user API Database
login to account
sign up

Okay
login to account sucessfully

35 | P a g e
 C. Create Chatbot

Chatbot
Admin API Database
Create Chatbot

create chatbot

Okay

Chatbot created sucessfully

D. Update/Modify interface

Chatbot
Admin API Database
Update/modify interface

modify interface

Okay

interface modify sucessfully

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 E. Handle Chatbot setting

Chatbot
Admin API Database
Handle/access chatbot
setting
Manage setting

Okay
Manage setting
sucessfully

F. Create ticket

Ticikting Chatbot
User system API Database
Create ticket

New ticket notification

Get user
information
Answer the query

Send notification Okay

Close ticket

Create ticket sucessfully

37 | P a g e
 G. Update interface

Chatbot
Admin API Database Update UI
Click on update
database Get all items

Return result according to ID

Show result
Set filters

Show filter result

Save updation

Update part ID

Save to database
Interface update
sucessfully

H. Ask query

Chatbot
User API Database

Send request

process request

Ask query
Retrive information

Send information
loop
Display response [parameters]

38 | P a g e
I. Reply ticket

Chatbot
Admin API Database
Insert (Date, from, to)
Check the information

Insert student ID

Check ticket status

Insert course code

display ticket status

J. Forward response

Chatbot
User API Database
Request for data

Forward request

Forward response

Send response to user

39 | P a g e
 K. Logout

Admin/
Chatbot API Database
User

Logout to account

Sign out

Okay
Logout sucessfully

40 | P a g e
 Architectural design is a discipline that focus on covering and meeting the needs and demands,
to create living spaces, using certain tools and especially creativity. Therefore, the aim is to
combine the technological and the aesthetic, despite the general belief that architecture is only
a technological task.

Database

Server
User External system
Dialogue Chatbot API information
mangement Pass message
Website Forward message
RASA NLU Forward response Core
Interaction system
recording Info

Analytics
Machine learning

User Interface Logic/Server layer Database Layer

Layer

41 | P a g e
 It is a type of static structure diagram that represent the structure of a system by showing the
system classes, their features, operations (or methods) and the relationship among objects.

Create Ticket
Admin
+ticket_ID:int
-Admin_ID:int
+ticket_Description:string User Update interface
+Admin_Name:String
+ticket_type:string
+User_name:string -Password:String
+ticket_date:date
-User_ID:string #First_name:string
+add_ticket() #Last_name:string +Retrive_info(string); void
+edit_ticket() -Password:string +set_info: String
#First_name:string +Email_ID:String
+delete_ticket() -Phone_no:String Dependency +set_info:integer
+search_ticket() #Last_name:string +get_info():void
+profile_name:string +Status:String
+Call_Function(boolean,Long):bo
+email_ID:string +Create_Account();
olean
-Phone_no:String +search(User_name); void
+provide_service#10:string
+create_account(); +Manage_User();
+provide_service#20:integer
+Login(username,password):void +Create_Group();
+provide_service#30:Float
+Chat(); +Manage_Operation();
Ask Query
+get_activelist(); +Block_User(user_name): void
+question_ID:char +search(string):void -Delete_account();
+Title:string +Logout();
+Type_message:int
+Type_file:int
+Type_ack:int
+content:string
/time:sysdate
Handle setting
+get_type():int
+set_type():int
+display():Abstract +view_profile();
+set_notification();
Chatbot API +Update_image();
+version:integer +privacy();
-change_privacy();
+verification();
+help();
+Data_format();
+change_password();
+Error_handling();
+change_number();
+Troubleshotting();
+update_status();
....notify when new notification
receive
....notify when security threats
present
....notify when new message
Forward response Reply ticket received

+ID:int +ticket_ID:int
+mark:integer +ticket_description:string
+message:char(255) +ticket_type:string
+send_response(); +ticket_date:date
+give_response();
+forward_response():

42 | P a g e
 Database design can be define as a collection of tasks or process that upgrade the designing,
development, implementation and maintenance of enterprise data management system.
Designing a proper database decrease the maintenance cost there by improving data flexibility
and the profitable measure are greatly influenced in terms of disk storage space.

Admin Chatboot Setting Update Interface

PK Login ID/Email PK Language PK Layout

Phone no FK Email ID Series

Name city working

address Time zone Standalone

Age Default setting

Gender User

PK User ID

FK Phone no
Response
Chatboot User name
PK Accept Data
PK Multilingual Registration no

Reject/Drop Address
24*7 avaliability
Forward Date of registration
instance response
May be
Omni channel

Personalized
interaction

Data security Ticket

Easy live chat PK Ticket ID Queries

Ticket no Perform
PK
calculation
FK Ticket address
Chatbot API add data

PK Authentication change data

FK Data format Delete data

Error handling

Troubleshooting

43 | P a g e
User interface design is a process that designers use to build interface in software or
computerized devices, focusing on looks and style. Designer’s aims to create interface which
user find convenient and pleasurable. It refers to graphical user interface and other forms e.g.
voice-controlled interface.

a) Register to account

Register Sign in

F Sign in with Face book

G Sign in with Google

OR

Email or User name

Password

Stay sign in

Sign in

Forgot password?
Forgot username or email?
Reopen your account?

44 | P a g e
 b) Profile

Basic information

Full name:

Email:

Password and Phone no

Password:

Phone no:

Sign up

Already have an account

c) Response
Response
Bot response
Image Text

Type in block title

Dialog
Mail
box
+2s delay Add filter

Sure your algorithm will be true

Type search value

Custom attribute

algorithm

User data

Name

@ Email

Language

Time zone

Gender

City

+ Add custom attribute

45 | P a g e
d) Edit profile

Cancel Create profile Create

First name:

Last name:

Phone no:

Email address:

Confirm Email address:

Password:

Confirm password:

Keep me sign in

I am at least 18 years old and I have read all the

terms and agreements.

Yes I would like to receive email.

46 | P a g e
e) Chat box

Chat with Sofia

We are online

Hi how I can help you?

Looking for my data on c

language.

You can receive it as soon as

possible

Enter your message

47 | P a g e
f) Tools

Hey Sofia
Simply type your request and select from below

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A test case is a document, which has a set of test data, preconditions, expected result and post
condition developed for a particular test scenario in order to verify compliance against a
specific requirement.

Test case #1: Testing the admin: Login

Preconditions  Application must be running.

 Admin must be login to interface.
Actions  Enter login email ID and password.
 Click on login button.
Expected result Admin main interface loaded.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

Test case#2: Create Chatbot interface

Preconditions  Admin must be logged in.

 System asks for necessary information.
Actions  Admin provide all required information and opts to complete
the task.
 Admin click on install button
Expected result The chatbot interface is created successfully.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

Test case#3: Register the user

Preconditions  Admin must be logged in.

 The user send request to admin for issues of registration
form.
Actions  User fills the registration form.
 User press the submit button.
Expected result Admin register the user and saves its information in database.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

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Test case#4: Update interface

Preconditions  Admin must be logged in.

 The admin must be reboot/restart the system to make new
advancement.
Actions  Admin click on update button.
 Admin add new features to interface.
 Admin click on save changes.
Expected result Admin install new features in interface.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

Test case#5: Access to chatbot setting

Preconditions  Admin must be logged in.

 The admin will be able to access chatbot setting.
Actions  Admin opts to change chatbot setting.
 System asks for necessary information to change setting.
 System after confirmation change setting.
Expected result The setting of interface was changed according to user need and
requirements.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

Test case#6: Create/Compose ticket

Preconditions  The user must be logged in.

 The user must be read the data carefully to ask query.
Actions  Click on compose button.
 Type the query in rectangular box.
 Click on post/submit button.
Expected result The users submit/post the query successfully.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

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Test case#7: Ask query

Preconditions  Admin must be logged in.

 Admin must be view the user query on interface.
Actions  Admin opts to receive ticket.
 The query will be received in FIFO method.
 Admin answered the query and send respond to user.
Expected result The user got respond of his/ her query.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

Test case#8: Reply to ticket

Preconditions  Application must be running.

 The answer should have all information that asks in query.
 The answer should be easily understood by user.
Actions  The admin send the answer to chatbot API.
 The chatbot API forward the message to user.
 User read the answer.
Expected result The user check the answer whether his/her confusion about query is
solved or not.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

Test case#9: Forward the message

Preconditions  Application must be running.

 The chatbot API receives the message from user.
Actions  The chatbot API forward the message to admin for further
processing.
Expected result The chatbot API receive the response of message from admin.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

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Test case#10: Logout

Preconditions  Application must be running.

 User must be log in to interface.
Actions  User click on menu option.
 Click on logout.
 The user logout from the account.
Expected result The user leaves the main interface.
Tested by bc210423604
Result Pass

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 DEVELOPMET
CHAPTER
PLAN
3
(Architecture
Diagram)

53 | P a g e
 Database

Server
User External system
Dialogue Chatbot API information
mangement Pass message
Website Forward message
RASA NLU Forward response Core
Interaction system
recording Info

Analytics
Machine learning

User Interface Logic/Server layer Database Layer

Layer

54 | P a g e
 REFERENCES

 Artificial Intelligence and Chatbots in Higher Education. (February, 2020). Retrieved from
http://www.oracle.com/us/ industries/education-and-research/he-artificial-intelligencebr-
5180773.pdf
 Colace, F., at. al. (2018). Chatbot for e-learning: A case of study. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, 7(5), 528-533
 Garcia Brustenga, G., Fuertes-Alpiste, M., Molas-Castells, N. (2018). Briefing paper:
chatbots in education. Barcelona: eLearn Center. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.,
https://doi. org/10.7238/elc.chatbots.
 https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/nlu-training-data/
 https://www.python.org/
 https://www.tensorflow.org/
 Okonkwo, C. W., & Ade-Ibijola, A. (2020). Python-bot: A chatbot for teaching python
programming. Engineering Letters, 29(1).
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2011).
UNESCO ICT competency framework for teachers.
 Zemcik, M. T. (2019). A brief history of chatbots. DEStech Transactions on Computer
Science and Engineering, (aicae). https: //doi. org/10. 12783/dtcse/aicae 2019/31439

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