DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

VAJIRAM & RAVI

PowerUp Prelims Test Series – 2025
GS Test – 14 – Science & Technology (V4424)
TEST BOOKLET
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK
THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR
ITEMS, ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.
2. Please note that it is the candidate’s responsibility to encode and fill in the Roll Number carefully and
without any omission or discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR Answer Sheet. Any
omission/discrepancy will render the Answer Sheet liable for rejection.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the
Test Booklet in the Box provided alongside.
DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (questions). Each item comprises four responses (answers). You
will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is more
than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY
ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in
the Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test Booklet, you
have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination
has concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted
to take this Test Booklet with you.
9. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN ALL THE
QUESTIONS.
i. There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong
answer has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be
deducted as penalty.
ii. If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the
given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that question.
iii. If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for
that question.

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

 VAJIRAM & RAVI
1. In the context of the origin and evolution of 4. Which of the following statements regarding the
the Universe, which one of the following is the features of galaxies is not correct?
correct chronological order of the occurrence of
(a) Most galaxies have a supermassive black
events from earliest to latest?
hole at their centre.
(a) Cosmic Inflation - Recombination - Big Bang
(b) The entire electromagnetic spectrum
- Formation of the First Stars
is produced by the action of a central
(b) Cosmic Inflation - Big Bang - Recombination
supermassive black hole at the centre of the
- Formation of the First Stars
active galaxies.
(c) Big Bang - Recombination - Cosmic Inflation
(c) Active galactic nuclei are the most luminous
- Formation of the First Stars
persistent sources of electromagnetic
(d) Big Bang - Formation of the First Stars -
radiation which can be used to discover
Recombination - Cosmic Inflation
distant objects.

2. Consider the following: (d) The total energy emitted by an active galaxy
1. Electric bells is the sum of the emission from each of the
stars found in the galaxy.
2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines
3. Relays
Electromagnets have applications in how many of 5. Consider the following statements with reference
the above? to the Remote Sensing:

(a) Only one 1.  ensors in satellites measure electromagnetic

S
(b) Only two radiation reflected from both terrestrial and
(c) All three atmospheric sources.

(d) None 2. 
Passive remote sensing involves sensors
providing their own energy source for
3. Which of the following statements is/are correct illumination.
regarding the Chiral Bose-Liquid State? 3. Most active remote sensors operate in the
1. I t is a newly proposed state of matter formed microwave region of the electromagnetic
by bringing two layers of a semiconductor spectrum.
extremely close together.
Which of the statements given above is/are
2. I t can only be achieved at extremely high correct?
temperatures.
(a) 1 and 3 only
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only
(b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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 VAJIRAM & RAVI
6. Consider the following pairs: 9. Consider the following statements:
Atomic Postulate Statement-I:
Model The detection of gravitational waves can help in
1. T h o m s o n ’s Atoms are electrically the study of the universe.
Model neutral Statement-II:
2. Rutherford’s Electrons revolve around Gravitational waves are distinct from light and
Model the positively charged interact very weakly with matter.
nucleus in a circular path Statement-III:
3. Bohr’s Electrons revolve in Gravitational waves can be used to study binary
Model discrete orbits, based on black holes that are invisible to light.
energy
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
Which of the pairs given above are correctly the above statements?
matched? (a) Both Statement–II and Statement–III are
(a) 1 and 2 only correct and both of them explain Statement–I
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) Both Statement–II and Statement–III are
(c) 1 and 3 only correct, but only one of them explains
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Statement–I
(c) Only one of the Statements–II and III is
7. Which one of the following is the correct evidence correct and that explains Statement–I
for the presence of Dark energy in the universe? (d) Neither Statement–II nor Statement–III is
correct
(a) Accelerated expansion of the universe
(b) Expansion of the universe at a constant speed 10. Which of the following statements are correct
(c) Contraction of the universe regarding the Weakly Interacting Massive
(d) Universe is neither expanding nor contracting Particles (WIMPs)?
1. They are hypothesised particles that make up
8. With reference to Neutrinos, consider the most dark matter.
following statements: 2. They neither absorb nor emit light.
1.  hey belong to a class of particles called
T 3. They are invisible to electromagnetic
quarks. detection methods.
Select the correct answer using the code given
2.  hey can be produced both naturally and
T
below:
artificially.
(a) 1 and 2 only
3.  he neutrino detectors are placed
T
(b) 2 and 3 only
underground to prevent cosmic rays from
(c) 1 and 3 only
affecting their detection.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only 11. Raman spectroscopy is mainly based on the
(b) 2 and 3 only principle of:
(a) scattering of light
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) photoelectric effect
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) dispersion of light
(d) polarisation of light
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GS Test – 14 – Science & Technology (V4424)
 VAJIRAM & RAVI
12. Which of the following statements are correct 14. Consider the following statements with reference
regarding ‘Echo’? to the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC):

1. It is heard sooner in cold temperatures as 1. 

It consists of super energetic particles of
compared to hot temperatures. ionised gases at very high temperatures.

2. It is used by bats for navigation and preying. 2. I n this state, each atom behaves as a single
separate individual entity.
3. I t is used by SONAR to measure the speed
and position of underwater objects. 3. It is not possible to create a molecular BEC.

Select the correct answer using the code given 4. 

It is used in precision measurement
below: instruments such as atomic clocks.

(a) 1 and 2 only How many of the above statements are correct?

(b) 2 and 3 only (a) Only one

(c) 1 and 3 only (b) Only two

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Only three

13. With reference to the fundamental forces in nature, (d) All four
consider the following pairs:

Type of Force Feature 15. With reference to superconductors, consider the

1. Gravitational Weakest force but has following statements:
Force an infinite range
2. Strong Nuclear Infinite range and is 1.  he state of superconductivity is difficult to
T
Force many times stronger achieve at room temperature.
than gravity
2.  agnetic
M flux passing through a
3. Electromagnetic Strongest of all four
Force fundamental superconductor is zero.
interactions
3.  hey can reduce energy losses in the energy
T
4. Weak Nuclear Stronger than gravity
grids, making power transmission more
Force but is effective over a
very short range efficient and reliable.

How many of the pairs given above are correctly Which of the statements given above is/are
matched? correct?

(a) Only one pair (a) 1 and 2 only

(b) Only two pairs (b) 1 only

(c) Only three pairs (c) 2 and 3 only

(d) All four pairs (d) 1, 2 and 3

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16. Consider the following pairs: 18. Consider the following information:
Type of Feature Example
Force Applied in Mixture
1. Solution The particles of Sugar in
1. Centripetal A car taking a circular turn on solution can Water
Force a horizontal road scatter a beam
of light passing
through it.
2. Frictional Walking on the road
Force 2. Alloy It is a homogenous Brass
mixture of two or
3. Buoyancy Movement of a hot air balloon more metals.
Force 3. Suspension The particles of a Milk
suspension
How many of the pairs given above are correctly immediately
settle down at the
matched?
bottom of the
(a) Only one pair container.
4. Colloidal Particles of the Fog
(b) Only two pairs mixture can be
separated by the
(c) All three pairs process of
filtration.
(d) None
In how many of the above rows is the given
information correctly matched?
(a) Only one
17. Consider the following statements regarding the
(b) Only two
Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
(c) Only three
1. I t measures the metabolic activity of the cells (d) All four
of body tissues.
19. Which of the following statements are correct
2. It uses radioactive tracers to assist in the
regarding the isotopes?
examination of the tissue.
1. They are the atoms of an element having
Which of the statements given above is/are different numbers of neutrons.
correct? 2. They usually have the same physical
properties but different chemical properties.
(a) 1 only
3. An isotopic signature can trace the migration
(b) 2 only of species on land and in water.
Select the correct answer using the code given
(c) Both 1 and 2
below:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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20. Consider the following pairs: 23. With reference to Ketone bodies, consider the
Important Used in following statements:
chemical
1. They are produced by the liver.
1. Sodium arsenite Herbicide
2. Sodium hydroxide Aluminium production 2.  hey are present in the blood and their levels
T
3. Sodium bicarbonate Fire extinguisher increase during fasting.
4. Sodium fluoride Toothpaste 3.  hey fuel the organism in the absence of
T
Which of the pairs given above are correctly glucose and act as a backup energy reserve.
matched? Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3

21. Metalloids behave as semiconductors due to 24. Consider the following statements:
which of the following reasons? 1. Thermosetting plastics have lower melting
(a) They are polyatomic in nature. points than thermoplastics.
(b) They are usually liquid at room temperature 2. Aliphatic polyesters are used in biomedical
and have very low melting points. applications because of their biodegradability
(c) Their electrons are more tightly bound to and biocompatibility.
nuclei as compared to those of metals. 3. Neoprene is a non-biodegradable polymer.
(d) They do not have free conducting ions as the
Which of the statements given above are correct?
carriers of electrical charge like metals.
(a) 1 and 2 only

22. Consider the following information: (b) 2 and 3 only

Thermodynamic Occurs at Example (c) 1 and 3 only
process
(d) 1, 2 and 3
1. Adiabatic Constant Thermo steel
heat bottle
2. Isobaric Constant Refrigeration 25. Consider the following:
volume of a Soda can 1. Rhinoceroses
3. Isothermal Constant t e m - Heating of
perature water in a
2. Porpoises
tightly sealed 3. Whales
flask
4. Isochoric Constant Change of 4. Dolphins
pressure solid ice to 5. Elephants
liquid water
Which of the above can communicate through
In how many of the above rows is the given
infrasonic sound?
information correctly matched?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(a) Only one
(b) 2, 4 and 5 only
(b) Only two
(c) Only three (c) 1, 3 and 5 only
(d) All four (d) 1, 4 and 5 only

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26. Consider the following information: 29. Consider the following pairs:
Pasteurisation Temperature Usage Category Example
Technique Required 1. Chemoautotrophs Methanogen
1. Vat 63°C Yoghurt 2. Photoautotrophs Cyanobacteria
pasteurisation
2. Flash 72°C Milk 3. Photoheterotrophs Purple non-sulfur
pasteurisation bacteria
3. Aseptic 135°C Sour cream How many of the pairs given above are correctly
processing matched?
In how many of the above rows is the given (a) Only one
information correctly matched? (b) Only two
(a) Only one (c) All three
(b) Only two (d) None
(c) All three
30. Consider the following statements:
(d) None
1. Diamond is harder and denser than graphite.
27. Which of the following secondary metabolites has 2. Graphite releases carbon dioxide at a lower
anti-carcinogenic properties? ignition temperature compared to diamond.
(a) Quinine 3. Both diamond and graphite are used as
(b) Taxol lubricants due to their texture.
Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) Azadirachtin
correct?
(d) Diosgenin
(a) 1 and 2 only
28. Consider the following statements: (b) 3 only
1. Totipotent stem cells are capable of (c) 1 and 3 only
developing into any type of cell in the human (d) 1, 2 and 3
body, including placenta.
31. Consider the following pairs:
2.  luripotent stem cells are capable of
P
Organism Defence mechanism
differentiating into almost any cell type found
1. Lima bean Releases chemicals to
in the developing embryo except placenta. attract the predators of
3.  ultipotent stem cells have the ability to
M the attacking herbivores
differentiate only into a closely related family 2. Common Nettle Releases toxins through
of cells. the hairs on its leaves to
be injected into the skin
4.  nipotent stem cells possess the ability to
U
of the herbivores
divide rapidly and produce only cells of their
3. Hoverfly Mimics a bumblebee to
specific type. protect itself from toads
Which of the statements given above are correct? Which of the pairs given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3

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32. The coagulation process is used in the water 35. Which one of the following solutions is used to
treatment plants to: detect trace amounts of blood on a surface?
(a) neutralize the negative charge of suspended
(a) Iodine
particles in the water
(b) physically separate suspended solids from (b) Luminol
the water (c) Sodium chloride
(c) remove particulate matter from water by (d) Hydrochloric acid
forcing it to pass through porous media
(d) remove calcium and magnesium ions from 36. With reference to the mitochondrial DNA
the water
(mtDNA) in humans, consider the following
33. Consider the following information: statements:
Type of Property Application
1. They are circular single-stranded molecules.
Material
1. Conductors Low electrical Transmission 2. Offsprings inherit mtDNA from their mother.
resistivity lines
3. They have lower mutation rates than nuclear
2. Insulators No penetration Store electric
of charge DNA.
electromagnetic
(EM) waves 4. They can be used in forensics to identify
3. Semiconductors Conductivity Microwave human remains.
increases with devices
an increase in Which of the statements given above are correct?
temperature
In which of the above rows is the given information (a) 1 and 2 only
correctly matched? (b) 2 and 4 only
(a) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2  
(d) 1, 2 and 3
37. Consider the following:
34. Which of the following are the characteristics of 1. Down’s Syndrome
chromosomes? 2. Retinoblastoma
1. They exist in homologous pairs.
3. Klinefelter’s Syndrome
2. They are visible only during cell division.
3. They exist in a fixed number. 4. Turner’s Syndrome
4. Each chromosome is made of multiple DNA How many of the above are chromosomal
molecules. disorders?
Select the correct answer using the code given
(a) Only one
below:
(b) Only two
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (c) Only three
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) All four
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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 VAJIRAM & RAVI
38. Which of the following statements are correct 41. Consider the following statements:
regarding the auto-immune diseases in humans? Statement-I:
1. They occur when the body’s immune system
The satellites are usually launched from the
attacks healthy cells.
eastern coast of India.
2. Some auto-immune diseases are hereditary in
nature. Statement-II:
3. There’s no cure for autoimmune diseases. The satellite launch from the eastern coast
Select the correct answer using the code given minimises the impact of pollution caused by
below: rocket propulsion.
(a) 1 and 2 only Statements-III:
(b) 2 and 3 only
The satellite launch from the eastern coast provides
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 an initial boost to rockets due to rotational velocity
of the Earth.
39. Which of the following statements are correct Which one of the following is correct in respect of
regarding the Photoelectric Effect?
the above statements?
1.  It involves the direct conversion of light
(a) Both Statement–II and Statement–III are
energy into electrical energy.
2. It produces electricity in the form of an correct and both of them explain Statement–I
Alternating Current (AC). (b) Both Statement–II and Statement–III are
3. The number of photocurrents emitted is correct, but only one of them explains
directly proportional to the intensity of the Statement–I
light. (c) Only one of the Statements–II and III is
Select the correct answer using the code given
correct and that explains Statement–I
below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) Neither Statement–II nor Statement–III is
(b) 2 and 3 only correct
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 42. Consider the following pairs:
Mission Space Agency
40. Consider the following statements:
1. Dragonfly China National Space
Statement-I:
Mission Administration
Water is known as the ‘universal solvent’.
2. LUPEX Indian Space Research
Statement-II:
Organisation and Japan
Water is capable of dissolving more substances Aerospace Exploration
than any other liquid due to its hydrogen bonds. Agency
Which one of the following is correct in respect of 3. EarthCARE Japan Aerospace
the above statements? Mission Exploration Agency and
(a) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct European Space Agency
and Statement–II explains Statement–I How many of the pairs given above are correctly
(b) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are
matched?
correct, but Statement–II does not explain
(a) Only one
Statement–I
(c) Statement–I is correct, but Statement–II is (b) Only two
incorrect (c) All three
(d) Statement–I is incorrect, but Statement–II is (d) None
correct
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 VAJIRAM & RAVI
43. With reference to the recently launched INSAT- 46. Consider the following statements regarding Light
3DS satellite, consider the following statements: Emitting Diodes (LEDs):
1. It has been launched using a Polar 1. The emission colour of an LED depends
Synchronous Launch Vehicle (PSLV-37). on the semiconductor material used and its
2. It is positioned in a Medium Earth Orbit bandgap energy.
(MEO).
2. White LED is the primary version that is
3. It will provide television broadcasting
used to produce other types of LEDs.
services to public sector broadcasters.
3. Due to high energy and short wavelength,
How many of the statements given above are
correct? Blue LEDs are used in applications like Blu-
(a) Only one Ray devices, data storage, and underwater
(b) Only two communications.
(c) All three Which of the statements given above are correct?
(d) None (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
44. Which of the following statements is/are correct (c) 1 and 3 only
regarding the electric propulsion system in India? (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. It has been jointly developed by ISRO
and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 47. Consider the following statements:
(JAXA). 1.  Satellites are first launched into the
2. It will be used for orbital raising and station- Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO)
keeping of satellites in orbit. before launching into the Geostationary orbit.
3. It provides lower impulse as compared to the 2.  Geostationary Orbit (GEO) usually travels
chemical propellants.
past Earth from north to south passing
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: roughly over Earth’s poles.
(a) 2 only 3.  Satellites in Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO)
(b) 1 and 2 only circle the Earth above the equator from west
(c) 1 and 3 only to east following the Earth’s rotation.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
45. Consider the following statements: (b) 2 and 3 only
Statement-I: (c) 1 and 3 only
Low Earth Orbits cannot be used for the stationing (d) 1, 2 and 3
of remote sensing satellites.
Statement-II: 48. Which of the following statements are correct
Satellites in Low Earth Orbit travel with much regarding the International Space Station (ISS)?
higher velocity than the ones in higher orbits. 1. It is a habitable artificial satellite located in
Which one of the following is correct in respect of Low Earth Orbit.
the above statements? 2. It enables the conduct of experiments in a
(a) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct microgravity environment.
and Statement–II explains Statement–I 3. It is currently the only functional space
(b) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are
station.
correct, but Statement–II does not explain
Statement–I Select the correct answer using the code given
(c) Statement–I is correct, but Statement–II is below:
incorrect (a) 1 and 2 only
(d) Statement–I is incorrect, but Statement–II is (b) 2 and 3 only
correct (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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 VAJIRAM & RAVI
49. Consider the following pairs: 51. Which of the following is/are the findings revealed
by the Chandrayaan-3 Mission?
Space Observatory Objective
1. The Moon’s topsoil contains traces of organic
1. Aditya – L1 To understand solar material.
flares and near-earth 2. The Moon’s surface is mainly uniform and
space weather primarily composed of ferroan anorthosite.
2. James Webb Space To study history of the 3. The Moon’s crust was formed layer by layer
Telescope universe supporting the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO)
3. Chandra To detect X-rays hypothesis.
Observatory emitted by high- Select the correct answer using the code given
energy events in the below:
universe (a) 1 and 2 only
4. Euclid Mission To understand dark (b) 3 only
matter and dark (c) 2 and 3 only
energy
(d) 1 and 3 only
How many of the pairs given above are correctly
52. Consider the following:
matched?
1. Tracking pollution
(a) Only one 2. Weather forecasting
3. Global navigation
(b) Only two 4. Early missile warning
(c) Only three Which of the above are the applications of artificial
satellites?
(d) All four (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
50. Consider the following statements: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
1.  eusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) is a launch
R
53. Consider the following statements:
vehicle designed to return to Earth after the Statement-I:
delivery of payloads in orbits. The Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system
2. Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a enhances the operational capabilities of diesel-
electric submarines.
two-stage liquid propulsion vehicle that can
Statement-II:
launch satellites weighing up to 1000 kg.
The AIP system allows submarines to operate
3. Ramjet is an air breathing propulsion engine underwater for an extended period of time.
that can utilise atmospheric oxygen as an Which one of the following is correct in respect of
the above statements?
oxidiser to burn the fuel.
(a) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct
Which of the statements given above are correct? and Statement–II explains Statement–I
(b) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are
(a) 1 and 2 only
correct, but Statement–II does not explain
(b) 2 and 3 only Statement–I
(c) Statement–I is correct, but Statement–II is
(c) 1 and 3 only incorrect
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Statement–I is incorrect, but Statement–II is
correct
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 VAJIRAM & RAVI
54. Which one of the following is a feature of 57. Which one of the following statements is not correct
Autonomous Unmanned Research Aircraft regarding the Rudram-II missile, developed by the
(AURA) or Ghatak? Defence Research and Development Organisation
(a) It will conduct anti-submarine warfare (DRDO)?
missions. (a) It ensures precise targeting of radiation-
(b) It is designed to operate solely for Intelligence, emitting sources.
Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR). (b) It has been integrated with Sukhoi-30MKI
(c) It is designed to be deployed exclusively for fighter jets.
maritime patrol missions. (c) It has a range of up to 2500 kilometres.
(d) It will be able to hold multiple weapons, (d) It can target enemy radars and communication
ranging from bombs to missiles. systems at extended ranges.

55. Consider the following pairs: 58. Consider the following pairs:
Missile Guidance Feature Defence robot Function
System
1. Inertial It uses accelerometers and 1. Remotely Operated Explosive detection
Navigation gyroscopes to track the Vehicle (ROV) and handling
position and orientation DAKSH
of an object 2. Unmanned Aerial Surveillance in day
2. Homing The missile receives the Vehicle (UAV) as well as night
Guidance signals reflected from the NETRA operations
launch site 3. Unexploded Diffuse and detect
3. Command The missile receives the Ordnance Handling bombs
Guidance signals reflected from the Robot (UXOR)
target How many of the pairs given above are correctly
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
matched? (a) Only one pair
(a) Only one
(b) Only two pairs
(b) Only two
(c) All three pairs
(c) All three
(d) None
(d) None
59. Which of the following are the benefits of Multiple
56. It is an innovative approach which seeks
Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle
sustainable solutions by emulating nature’s time-
(MIRV) technology?
tested designs and processes. By copying nature’s
1. Carry multiple warheads
models, measuring its efficiency, and learning
2. Difficult to intercept
from its wisdom, this approach aims to address
critical human challenges in energy, materials, 3. Ability to penetrate missile defence systems
and healthcare. This is the most likely description Select the correct answer using the code given
of: below:
(a) Bionics (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Biomimicry (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Bioprospecting (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Biosensing (d) 1, 2 and 3

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60. Consider the following information: 62. Consider the following statements:
Missile Type Feature Statement-I:
1. BrahMos Cruise It operates on ‘Fire
Nanoparticles are considered a good catalyst.
Missile and Forget
Principle’ Statement-II:
2. Agni-V Ballistic It is a surface to Nanoparticles have higher relative surface area
Missile surface missile
3. Astra Subsonic It is a short range than the bulk materials.
Missile anti-tank missile Which one of the following is correct in respect of
In which of the above rows are the given the above statements?
information correctly matched? (a) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct
(a) 1 and 2 only and Statement–II explains Statement–I
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are
(c) 1 and 3 only correct, but Statement–II does not explain
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Statement–I
(c) Statement–I is correct, but Statement–II is
61. Consider the following statements:
incorrect
Statement-I:
(d) Statement–I is incorrect, but Statement–II is
Silicon-Carbon batteries have more energy density
correct
than lithium-ion batteries.
Statement-II: 63. Which of the following are the applications of
Silicon-Carbon batteries use graphite as a cathode Quantum dots?
while lithium-ion batteries use lithium. 1. Photovoltaics
Which one of the following is correct in respect of 2. Solar cells
the above statements? 3. Transistors
(a) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct 4. Medical Imaging
and Statement–II explains Statement–I 5. Biosensors
(b) Both Statement–I and Statement–II are Select the correct answer using the code given
correct, but Statement–II does not explain below:
Statement–I (a) 1 and 5 only
(c) Statement–I is correct, but Statement–II is (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
incorrect (c) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
(d) Statement–I is incorrect, but Statement–II is (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
correct

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64. Consider the following pairs: 67. Which one of the following best describes a
Nanocarbon Application Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
1. Carbon Efficient drug delivery (a) a wireless network that allows devices to
Nanotube connect to the internet or communicate with
2. Fullerene Organic photovoltaic cell each other within a specific range
(b) a type of local area network that provides
3. Graphene Regenerative medicine
Nanoribbon high-speed, direct connections between
devices within a closed physical area
How many of the pairs given above are correctly
(c) a network setup that allows users to create
matched?
secure, encrypted connections over a public
(a) Only one pair network, such as the internet, to ensure
(b) Only two pairs private communication
(c) All three pairs (d) a platform that delivers real-time media
(d) None content, such as videos or music, over the
internet for immediate playback
65. With reference to semiconductor, the term
68. With reference to Radio Detection And Ranging
“doping” refers to:
(RADAR), consider the following statements:
(a) a process in which impurities are artificially
1. It works best in the microwave range.
added to control the properties of 2. It is used for contactless detection using the
semiconductors principles of doppler effect.
(b) a process in which impurities are removed to 3. Next Generation RADAR (NEXRAD)
enhance the properties of semiconductors obtains weather information based upon
(c) a process in which two different types of returned energy.
semiconductors are joined Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) a process in which the numbers of electrons
(b) 2 and 3 only
of a particular semiconductor is increased
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
66. Consider the following:
1. Manufacturing of transistors 69. Which of the following statements is/are correct
2. Manufacturing of magnetic random-access with respect to Space Internet?
memory 1. It is a wireless internet beamed down from
3. Development of novel gene sequencing satellites orbiting the Earth.
2. Internet satellites can be placed only in
technologies
Lower Earth Orbits (LEOs) for a wider area
4. Development of thin-film solar electric
coverage.
panels 3. India has decided to auction the spectrum
How many of the above are the potential for satellite broadband, similar to terrestrial
applications of nanotechnology? networks.
(a) Only one Select the correct answer using the code given
(b) Only two below:
(c) Only three (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(d) All four
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only

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70. Consider the following: 73. Consider the following information:
1. Wireless Fidelity Biofuel Feedstock Production
Process
2. Bluetooth 1. First- Forest Thermochemical
3. Space Internet generation residues Reactions
2. Second- Edible feed- Microbial
4. Light Fidelity stocks Fermentation
generation
5. TV remote control 3. Third- Microalgae Transesterification
How many of the technologies given above generation
4. Fourth- Microorgan- Genetic
generally use radio waves for communication?
generation isms engineering
(a) Only two
In how many of the above rows is the given
(b) Only three information correctly matched?
(c) Only four (a) Only one
(d) All five (b) Only two
(c) Only three
71. Consider the following statements: (d) All four
1.  Wide Area Network (WAN) offers low
A
74. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
propagation delay and a high data transfer
refers to:
rate compared to a Local Area Network
(a) genetic modification of T-cells to treat AIDS
(LAN).
(b) genetic modification of B-cells to aid T-cell
2. A WAN is a network that connects multiple
in immune response
LANs over a long distance to allow devices
(c) genetic modification of immune cells to treat
to communicate over a wide area.
cancer cells
3. In LANs, connections between devices are
(d) use of vaccination to increase the production
physical whereas in WANs, connections are
of immune cells
often in virtual mode.
Which of the statements given above is/are 75. Why is 3D cell culture superior to conventional
correct? 2D cell culture?
(a) 1 only 1. Time of culture formation is much less in 3D
(b) 2 and 3 only cell culture as compared to 2D cell culture.
2. 3D cell culture mimics natural tissues and
(c) 1 and 2 only
organs, while 2D cell culture does not.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. Unlike 3D cell cultures, 2D cell cultures
lack cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix
72. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is mainly
interactions.
used to:
Select the correct answer using the code given
(a) isolate purified proteins
below:
(b) rapidly produce copies of a specific segment (a) 1 and 2 only
of DNA (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) translate proteins from mRNA (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) produce multiple copies of proteins (d) 1, 2 and 3

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76. Consider the following: 80. Consider the following pairs:
1. Polylactic Acid Gene Therapy Feature
2. Alginate 1. Gene Uses RNA to block the
3. Spider silk Augmentation target gene
4. Gelatin-Methacryloyl Therapy (GAT)
How many of the above materials are used in 2. Gene Inhibition Replaces the missing
3D-Bioprinting? Therapy (GIT) gene product by adding
(a) Only one the functional gene
(b) Only two 3. Gene Targeting Uses homologous
(c) Only three recombination to replace
(d) All four the non-functional gene
with the functional gene
77. Consider the following statements: How many of the above pairs are correctly
1. Biodegradation is the natural digestion of the matched?
materials using microorganisms. (a) Only one
2. Bioremediation is a human-engineered (b) Only two
process for removal of pollutants from the (c) All three
environment using microbial activity. (d) None
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? 81. Consider the following statements:
(a) 1 only 1. Spheroids are cell cultures that self-aggregate
(b) 2 only into sphere-like formations during cell
(c) Both 1 and 2 proliferation.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Organoids can be created using both
Pluripotent Stem Cells and Adult Stem Cells.
78. In the CRISPR-Cas9 system, Cas9 is a restriction 3. Unlike Spheroids, which mimic organ
endonuclease whereas CRISPR is a: structure and function, Organoids do not
(a) DNA replicating enzyme exhibit organ-level complexity.
(b) specific target site on a genome Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) gene transfer apparatus correct?
(d) guide RNA (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
79. With reference to the biotechnology, consider the (c) 2 and 3 only
following statements: (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. It can be used to transplant an organ or tissue
between two different species of organisms. 82. Consider the following statements:
2. The Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery 1. Gene Knockdown involves complete
(MEOR) method uses Pseudomonas inactivation of a specific gene whereas Gene
bacterium to increase oil recovery through Knockout means temporarily reducing the
formations of stable oil-water emulsions. expression of the gene.
3. Antisense RNA technology is used for 2. Gene Knockdown is done through gene
increasing the nutrient content of food crops editing whereas Gene Knockout is achieved
through biotechnology. through RNA interference.
Which of the statements given above are correct? Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 and 2 only correct?
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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83. With reference to ‘Web 5.0,’ consider the following 86. Consider the following statements:
statements: Statement-I:
Solid state batteries offer greater efficiency and
1. It ensures that users have complete control
safety than the lithium ion batteries.
over their data.
Statement-II:
2. It aims to introduce emotional intelligence to In solid state batteries, the separator works as an
the internet. electrolyte.
Which of the statements given above is/are Statement-III:
Solid state batteries have a higher energy density
correct?
than lithium-ion batteries.
(a) 1 only Which one of the following is correct in respect of
(b) 2 only the above statements?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are
correct and both of them explain Statement-I
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are
correct and both of them explain Statement-I
84. Consider the following: (c) Only one of the Statements-II and III is
1. Auto-piloted cars correct and that explains Statement-I
(d) Neither Statement-II nor Statement-III is
2. Internet access in public spaces
correct
3. Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles
87. Which one of the following is not correct regarding
How many of the above are potential applications
the nuclear fission process?
of Li-Fi?
(a) The chain reaction in nuclear fission is due to
(a) Only one unbalanced release of neutrons.
(b) Only two (b) A controlled chain reaction is used to generate
nuclear power.
(c) All three
(c) Moderators in the nuclear reactors absorb
(d) None neutrons and control the reaction rate.
(d) Only a high-purity graphite can be used as a
85. Which one of the following statements best moderator in nuclear reactors.
describes Quantum Supremacy?
88. Consider the following statements regarding the
(a) It refers to quantum computers being able tokamak device:
to solve a problem that a classical computer 1. It is an experimental machine designed to
cannot, in a reasonable amount of time. harness the energy of fusion.
(b) It refers to the ability of quantum computers 2. It uses magnetic fields to confine plasma for
fusion reactions.
to solve any problem faster than classical
3. The International Thermonuclear
computers.
Experimental Reactor is the world’s largest
(c) It refers to quantum computers achieving tokamak.
perfect accuracy in all computations. Which of the statements given above are correct?
(d) It refers to the use of quantum computers (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
to replace classical computers in all
(c) 2 and 3 only
applications.
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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89. Consider the following statements regarding the 92. With reference to the Missile Propulsion Systems,
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): consider the following statements:
Statement-I: 1. Solid propellants have lower specific impulse
SMRs are better than the conventional nuclear than the liquid propellants.
reactors.
2. Hydrazine and Ammonium perchlorate are
Statement-II:
used as the solid propellants.
SMRs are based on limited use of nuclear fusion.
Statement-III: 3. Hybrid propulsion systems combine two
SMRs require less frequent refuelling. or more sources of propulsion into a single
Which one of the following is correct in respect of design.
the above statements? Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Both Statement–II and Statement–III are (a) 1 and 2 only
correct and both of them explain Statement–I (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) Both Statement–II and Statement–III are
(c) 1 and 3 only
correct, but only one of them explains
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Statement–I
(c) Only one of the Statements–II and III is
93. In which one of the following ways is the INS
correct and that explains Statement–I
(d) Neither Statement–II nor Statement–III is Arighat more advanced than its predecessor INS
correct Arihant?
(a) It has both higher surface speed and
90. Which of the following statements regarding the submerged speed than its predecessor.
waves is not correct?
(b) It can carry more K-15 missiles and less K-4
(a) Waves always need a medium to propagate
missiles than the INS Arihant.
themselves.
(b) A wave with a larger frequency has more (c) It can carry the Brahmos supersonic cruise
energy. missiles, unlike the INS Arihant.
(c) The net movement of the medium particles of (d) It will carry the Intercontinental Ballistic
a wave is zero. Missiles with a range greater than 5000 kms.
(d) All the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum
travel at the same speed. 94. Consider the following statements regarding to
the fuel cell:
91. Consider the following statements:
1. A typical fuel cell works by passing hydrogen
1. Phosphorescence is a rapid, short-lived
emission of light, while fluorescence is a through the anode of a fuel cell and oxygen
slower, longer-lasting emission of light. through the cathode.
2. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool 2. It does not need to be periodically recharged
for identifying bacteria or viruses to know like batteries.
the cause of infection. 3. It does not need a proton-exchange membrane
3. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) for its functioning.
identifies where a particular gene falls within
Which of the statements given above are correct?
an individual’s chromosomes.
(a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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95. Consider the following statements: 97. In the context of quantum computing, what is
1.  eep learning is a branch of artificial
D ‘interference’?
intelligence that allows computers to simulate (a) The state in which a quantum particle or
human emotions. system can represent not just one possibility,
2. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. but a combination of multiple possibilities
(b) The process in which multiple quantum
Which of the statements given above is/are
particles become correlated more strongly
correct?
than regular probability allows
(a) 1 only
(c) The process in which quantum particles
(b) 2 only and systems can decay, collapse or change,
(c) Both 1 and 2 converting into single states measurable by
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 classical physics
(d) The phenomenon in which entangled quantum
96. Consider the following pairs regarding to the states can interact and produce more and less
cloud computing services: likely probabilities
Technology Service provided
98. Consider the following pairs:
1. IaaS Delivers on-demand
(infrastructure as infrastructure Satellite Used for
a service) Frequency Band
resources to
organisations via the 1. C-band Global Positioning
cloud System
2. S-band Weather radar
2. PaaS (Platform as Delivers all the
3. Ku-band Satellite
a service) hardware and
communications
software resources to
develop applications 4. Ka-band Radars on military
through the cloud aircraft
3. SaaS (Software as Delivers an entire How many of the pairs given above are correctly
a service) cloud-based matched?
application that
(a) Only one
customers can access
and use (b) Only two
(c) Only three
4. CaaS (Containers Delivers all the
as a service) hardware and (d) All four
software resources to
develop and deploy 99. Consider the following:
applications using 1. Pricing labels in retail shops
containers 2. Electronic billboards
3. Digital books
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
In which of the above cases electronic paper
matched?
(e-paper) is used?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
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100. In which of the following ways, Hypersonic Glide
Vehicles (HGVs) are different from traditional
ballistic missiles?
(a) Unlike traditional ballistic missiles, HGVs
have a constant speed throughout their path.
(b) Unlike traditional ballistic missiles, HGVs
can manoeuvre during flight.
(c) Unlike traditional ballistic missiles, HGVs
follow a parabolic path.
(d) Unlike traditional ballistic missiles, HGVs
fly at lower altitudes.

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