ICSE Selina Solutions for Class 10

Physics
Chapter 8 – Current Electricity

Exercise (8A)

1. Define the term current and state its S.I. unit.

Ans: Electric Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charges. Mathematically
it can be written as
I = q/t
where q is the charge and t is time. The SI unit of current is Ampere.

2. Define the term Electric Potential. State its S.I. unit.

Ans: Electric Potential at a point is defined as the amount of work done required by a
positive charge in bringing from infinity to a particular point. It can be formulated as
V= W/q
where W is the work done and q is the charge. The SI unit of potential is Volts.

3. How is the electric potential between two points defined? State its S.I. unit.
Ans: Electric Potential between two points is the amount of work done to bring the
unit positive charge from one point to the other.
Example If VA is the electric potential at point A and VB is the electric potential at
point B then
ΔV = VA -VB =W/q
where W is the work done and q is the charge. The SI unit of potential is Volts.

4. Explain the statement ‘the potential difference between two points is 1volt’.

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Ans: The statement ‘the potential difference between two points is 1volt’ is used when
1 Joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from infinity to a particular
point in an electric circuit.

5. (a) State whether the current is a scalar or vector ? What does the direction of
current convey?
(b) State whether the potential is a scalar or vector? What does the positive and
negative sign of charge convey?
Ans: (a) Electric current is a scalar quantity those physical quantities which only have
magnitude associated with them are termed as Scalars. Although current has direction,
it only follows the algebraic laws of addition.
The direction of current signifies that electrons are flowing in the opposite direction as
that of current through the closed circuit.
(b) Potential is also a scalar quantity. According to the definition itself, it’s the amount
of work done required by a positive charge in bringing from infinity to a particular
point.
The sign of charge signifies the work done by either a positive or negative charge
against the electrostatic forces in bringing the charge from infinity to a particular
point.

6. Define the term resistance. State its S.I. unit.

Ans: Resistance is kind of opposition offered by the conductor to resist the flow of
charges flowing through it, The SI unit of resistance is ohm(Ω).

7. (a) Name the particles which are responsible for the flow of current in a
metallic wire.
(b) Explain the flow of current in a metallic wire on the basis of movement of the
particles named by you above in part(a)
(c) What is the cause of resistance offered by the metallic wire in the flow of
current through it?
Ans: (a) Electrons especially valence or free are responsible for the current flow in a
metallic wire.

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(b) When the ends of conductor are connected to a battery or some kind of external
current source the free electrons( those which are mainly present in the last shell of
atom) starts experiencing a internal force resulting to the movement of them in the
particular direction i.e. from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of battery.
During this passage they collide with the fixed positive ions, losing some kinetic
energy in the form of heat. This process continues leading to the flow of current in the
circuit from positive to the negative terminal.
Direction of current is always taken opposite to the flow of electrons in the circuit.
(c) The collisions suffered by the free electrons with the fixed positive ions are
responsible for the cause of resistance offered by the metallic wire in the flow of
current through it.

8. State Ohm’s law and draw a neat labelled circuit diagram containing a battery,
a key, a voltmeter, an ammeter, a rheostat and an unknown resistance to verify
it.
Ans: According to Ohm's law if the physical conditions and temperature of a
conductor is kept constant then the current flowing through the conductor is directly
proportional to the potential ends across the ends of conductor.
V=IR
where V is the potential difference, I is the current flowing through the conductor and
R is the constant called resistance.
Diagram used for the verification of Ohm’s law

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9. (a) Name and state the law which relates the potential difference and current in
a conductor.
(b) What is the necessary condition for a conductor to obey the law named above
in part (a)?
Ans: (a) Ohm’s law relates the potential difference and current in a conductor.
According to Ohm's law if the physical conditions and temperature of a conductor is
kept constant then the current flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to
the potential ends across the ends of conductor.
V = IR
where V is the potential difference, I is the current flowing through the conductor and
R is the constant called resistance.
(b) The physical conditions and temperature of the conductor should be kept constant
regarding the abeyance of Ohm's law.

10. (a) Draw a V-I graph for conductor obeying Ohm’s law.(b) What does the
slope of the V-I graph for a conductor represent?
Ans: (a)

(b)The slope of the V-I graph represents the resistance of the conductor.
Slope= Resistance=ΔV/ΔI

11. Draw an I-V graph for a linear resistor. What does its slope represent?

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Ans:

The slope of the I-V graph represents 1/Resistance of the conductor.

12. What’s an Ohmic resistor? Give one example of an ohmic resistor. Draw a
graph to show its current -voltage relationship. How is the resistance of the
resistor determined from the graph?
Ans: Those resistors which follow the Ohm’s law are termed as Ohmic Resistors.
These include all conductors like Copper, Aluminium, Nichrome, Tungsten etc.

The resistance for these resistors is calculated with the help of slope. The slope of the
straight line passing through the origin on the V-I graph gives the resistance.
Slope = Resistance =ΔV/ΔI

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13. What are non-ohmic resistors? Give one example and draw a graph to show
its current-voltage relationship.
Ans: Those resistors which don’t obey the Ohm’s law are called non-ohmic resistors.
For these the slope of V-I graph is a curve line not a straight one passing through
origin. These include solar cells, junction diode, transistor, filament of bulb and LEDs.

14. Give two differences between an Ohmic and Non-Ohmic resistor.

Ans:

S.no. Ohmic Resistor Non-Ohmic resistor

1 These obey Ohm’s law i.e. value These don’t obey Ohm’s law i.e.
of V/I is constant for all values of V/I is not same for all values of
V and I. V and I.
2 These mainly include all types of These include LEDs, junction
conductors like silver, nickel and diodes, transistors and filament
electrolytes with appropriate of bulb.
electrodes.
3 The slope of the V-I graph for The slope of the V-I graph for
these is a straight line passing these is a curve line that doesn’t
through the origin. pass through the origin.

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15. Fig shows I-V curves for two resistors. Identify the ohmic and non ohmic
resistors. Give a reason for your answer.

Ans: (a) is for non-ohmic resistor whereas (b) is the ohmic resistor.
Ohmic resistors are those which follow Ohm's law and the slope of the V-I graph for
these is a straight line passing through the origin.
Non-Ohmic are those resistors which don’t obey Ohm's law .For these the slope of the
V-I graph is a curve line not a straight one passing through the origin.

16. Draw a V-I graph for the conductor at two different temperatures. What
conclusion do you draw from your graph for the variation of resistance of the
conductor with temperature?
Ans: One can observe the nature of curves for both A and B. As T1>T2 the area under
the curve A is more than the area under the curve B. Hence the resistance for A is
more than B. This shows that resistance is directly proportional to temperature.

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17. (a) How does the resistance of a wire depend on its radius? Explain your
answer.
(b) Two copper wires are the same length, but one’s thicker than the other.
Which will have more resistance?
Ans: (a) R ∝ 1/area
Resistance of wire is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of wire, which
means a thicker wire will offer less resistance as the electrons get a larger area of cross
section to flow as compared to thin wire which will offer more resistance due to lesser
area of cross section.
(b) The wire having a lesser area of cross-section will offer more resistance.

18. How does the resistance of the wire depend on its length? Give reason for
your answer.
Ans: R ∝ length
Resistance of wire is directly proportional to the length of wire. A long conductor
offers more collisions of free electrons with fixed positive ions leading to more
resistance and less flow of current in the wire.

19. How does the resistance of a metallic wire depend on its temperature?
Explain the reason.
Ans: R ∝ temperature

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Resistance of a metallic wire is directly proportional to the temperature.With the
increase in temperature the random motion of electrons increases resulting in more
collisions of free electrons with fixed positive ions. Hence resistance increases with
increase in temperature.

20. Two wires, one of copper and the other of iron, are of same length and same
radius. Which one will have more resistance? Give a reason.
Ans: The resistivity or specific resistance is the materialistic property of a conductor.
Iron has more value of specific resistance than that of copper hence if the length and
radius of both wires are same the resistance will depend directly on the specific
resistance of the material.
R ∝ resistivity

21. Name three factors on which resistance of a given wire depends and state how
it is affected by the factors stated by you.
Ans: Resistance mainly depends on the length of wire, cross-sectional area of wire
and the nature of material.
1. Resistance is in direct relation to the length of wire. (R ∝ length)
A longer wire will have more resistance than a shorter one of the same material as
more collisions will take place between electrons and the fixed positive ions leading to
more resistance.
2. Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of wire.
(R ∝ 1/area)
Which means a thicker wire will offer less resistance as the electrons get a larger area
of cross section to flow as compared to thin wire which will offer more resistance due
to lesser area of cross section.
3. Resistance is directly proportional to the nature of material or R ∝ resistivity.
The resistivity or specific resistance is the materialistic property of a conductor. Iron
has more value of specific resistance than that of copper hence if the length and radius
of both wires are same.

22. Define the term specific resistance and state its S.I. unit.

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Ans: As per the knowledge R= ⍴l/a
Where ⍴ = resistivity or the specific resistance of the material
l = length of wire and a = cross sectional area
If the length = area = 1 then ⍴ = R which means the specific resistance is the resistance
of wire when the length and cross sectional area of wire is 1unit.
The SI unit of specific resistance is Ωm.

23. Write an expression connecting the resistance of a wire and specific resistance
of its material. State the meaning of the symbols used.
Ans: Formula connecting the resistance of a wire and specific resistance of its material
is R= ⍴l/a, where ⍴ = resistivity or the specific resistance of the material
l = length of wire and a = cross sectional area.

24. State the order of specific resistance of (i) a metal, (ii) a semiconductor and
(iii) an insulator
Ans: For the metals the order of the specific resistance is approximately equal to 10-8
Ωm.
(ii) For semiconductors order of resistivity is around 10-5 Ωm
(iii) Whereas for insulators it’s 1013 Ωm.

25. (a) Name two factors on which the specific resistance of a wire depends?
(b) Two wires A and B are made of copper. The wire A is long and thin, while the
wire B is short and thick. Which will have more specific resistance?
Ans: (a) The specific resistance is the characteristic property of material hence it is
dependent on the nature of material and also on the temperature of material.
For metals the specific resistance is directly proportional to the temperature whereas
for the semiconductors the specific resistance increases with decrease in temperature.
(b) Both the wires A and B will have the same value of specific resistance as it’s
independent of the length and cross- sectional area of wires.

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26. Name a substance of which the specific resistance remains almost unchanged
by the increase in temperature.
Ans: Manganin is an alloy of Copper, Nickel and Manganese and for certain alloys the
specific resistance almost remains constant.

27. How does the specific resistance of a semiconductor change with the increase
in temperature?
Ans: For the semiconductors the specific resistance decreases with the increase in
temperature which means it’s having a negative coefficient of resistance.

28. How does (a) resistance, and (b) specific resistance of a wire depend on its (i)
length, and (ii) radius?
Ans: (a) Resistance is in direct relation to the length of wire. (R∝length)
and is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of wire (R∝1/area)
(b) Specific resistance of a wire is independent of both the length and radius as it
depends only on the nature and temperature of material.

29. (a) Name the material used for making connection wires. Give a reason for
your answer.
(b) Why should a connection wire be thick?
Ans: (a) The connection wires are mainly made of Copper or Aluminium as they have
very less value of specific resistance. Because of the low value of specific resistance
the current almost remains constant and hence the dissipation in heat is prevented.
(b) The connection wires should be made thick as a wire will be more will be the area
for electrons to face the collisions with the fixed positive ions, hence the resistance
will be less leading to less heat losses.
(R∝1/area)

30. Name a material which is used for making a standard resistor. Give a reason
for your answer.

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Ans: In order to make a standard resistor the material should have a high value of
resistance and their values should not change often with temperature. So, Manganin is
suitable for making standard resistors.

31. Name the material used for making a fuse wire. Give a reason.
Ans: Alloys of copper and tin are generally used for making the fuse wire. Because of
the low value of melting point and high value of specific resistance they are more
suitable for the flow of current upto the safe limit.

32. Name the material used for (i) filament of an electric bulb, and (ii) heating
element of a room heater.
Ans: (i) Tungsten is used mainly for the filament of the electric bulb because of the
high value of melting point.
(ii) Nichrome is used as the heating element of a room heater. The specific resistance
of nichrome is high and it also increases with increase in temperature.

33. What is a superconductor? Give one example of it.

Ans: Superconductors are those substances which have zero resistance at a very low
temperature. As the resistance of these materials is zero they will have infinite
conductance. Example: Lead below 7.25K.

34. A substance has zero resistance below 1K. What is such a substance called?
Ans: This substance is called Superconductor. Superconductors are those substances
which have zero resistance at a very low temperature.

MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

1. Which of the following is an ohmic resistance?

(a) LED
(b) junction diode
(c) filament of a bulb

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Potential difference =1V
Again by Ohm’s law V2=I2R2
Or R2=V2/I2 = 1/0.4 = 2.5Ω
Hence one can say that when the potential difference is increased the resistance also
increases.

Exercise (8B)

1. Explain the meaning of the term e.m.f., terminal voltage, and internal
resistance of a cell.
Ans:
e.m.f.: The electro-motive force (e.m.f.) is defined as the maximum potential
difference that can be applied in the circuit within which no current is flowing in it.
Terminal voltage: The potential difference between the electrodes of the cell when
current is drawn from a cell is called its terminal voltage or in other words the
potential difference across the points through the resistance R is called terminal
voltage.
Internal Resistance: The internal resistance of the cell is defined as the resistance
offered by the electrolyte inside the cell when current passes through it.

2. State two differences between the e.m.f. and terminal voltage of a cell
Ans:

s.no. e.m.f. terminal voltage

1 The electro-motive force (e.m.f) is The potential difference between
defined as the maximum potential the electrodes of the cell when
difference that can be applied in current is drawn from a cell is
the circuit within which no current called its terminal voltage. So
is flowing in it. So Emf is an open Terminal voltage is a closed-
circuit voltage. circuit voltage.
2 emf is calculated by given Terminal voltage is calculated by
formula: ε = I(R+r) given formula : V = IR
here, R- External resistance of the Here, I- Current flowing through

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 electrical circuit. the circuit
r- Internal resistance of the given R- External resistance of the
circuit electrical circuit.

3. Name two factors on which the internal resistance of a cell depends and state
how does it depends on the factors stated by you.
Ans: The factors on which internal resistance of a cell depends are given below:
(i) The surface area of the electrodes: if we take Larger the surface area of the
electrodes of the cell then its internal resistance would be less.
(ii) The distance between the electrodes: if we take a cell which has greater the
between the electrodes of the cell then it has more internal resistance.

4. A cell of e.m.f. ε and internal resistance r is used to send current to an external

resistance R. Write expression for
(a) the total resistance of circuit,
(b) the current drawn from the cell,
(c) the p.d. across the cell, and
(d) the voltage drop inside the cell.
Ans:
(a) Total resistance = R + r
(b) Current drawn from the circuit:
As we know that,
ε=V+v
ε = IR + Ir
ε = I(R+r)
I = ε/ (R + r)
(c) p.d. across the cell: (𝜀𝜀R)/(𝑅𝑅+𝑟𝑟)
(d) voltage drop inside the cell: (𝜀𝜀r)/(𝑅𝑅+𝑟𝑟)

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5. A cell is used to send current to an external circuit. (a) How does the voltage
across its terminals compare with its e.m.f.? (b) Under what condition is the
e.m.f. of the cell equal to its terminal voltage?
Ans:
(a) A cell is used to send current to an external circuit the voltage across its Terminal
(terminal voltage) is less than the emf.
(b) When no current is drawn in the circuit then emf of the cell is equal to the terminal
voltage.

6. Explain why the p.d. across the terminals of a cell more in an open circuit and
reduced in a closed circuit.
Ans: When an electric cell is in a closed circuit, the current flows in a circuit. There is
a decrease in potential through all internal cell resistance of the cell. Therefore, p.d.
across the terminals in a closed circuit is less than p.d. across the terminals in an open
circuit. And this decreased potential is equal to the potential drop across the internal
resistance of the cell.

7. Write the expressions for the equivalent resistance R of three resistors R1 R2

and R3 join in (a) parallel, and (b) series.
Ans:
(a) Total Resistance in series:
R = R1 + R2 + R3
(b) Total Resistance in parallel:
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/R3

8. How would you connect two resistors in series? Draw a diagram. Calculate the
total equivalent resistance.
Ans: Connections of two resistors in series –

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 R1 R2
A

+ -

If current I is drawn from the battery. We know that in series connections, the current
through all resistors will be the same as I.
On applying Ohm's law to the two resistors separately, we further have
V1 = I R1
V2 = I R2
V= V1 + V2
IR = I R1+ I R2
R = R1+ R2
Total Resistance in series R = R1+ R2
That is the sum of all resistances connected in series.

9. Show by diagram how two resistors R1 and R2 are joined in parallel. Obtain an
expression for the total resistance of the combination.
Ans: Two resistors R1 and R2 are joined in parallel shown in figure

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We know that in parallel combinations the potential across the resistors are the same ,
which is V and current is divided through all the resistors.
On applying Ohm's law to the two resistors separately, we further
Have
I1 = V / R1
I2 = V / R2
I = I1 + I2
V / R = V / R1+ V / R2
Then the total Resistance in parallel:
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2

10. State how are the two resistors joined with a battery in each of the following
cases when:
(a) same current flows in each resistor.
(b) potential difference is same across each resistor.
(c) equivalent resistance is less than either of the two resistors and
(d) equivalent resistance is more than either of the two resistances.
Ans:
(a) Two resistors joined in series with a battery, then the same current flows in each
resistor.
(b) Two resistors joined in parallel with a battery, then potential difference is same
across each resistor.
(c) Two resistors joined in parallel with a battery then equivalent resistance is less than
either of the two resistors
(d) Two resistors joined in series with a battery then equivalent resistance is more than
either of the two resistances.

11. The V-I graph for a series combination and for a parallel combination of two
resistors is shown in fig. 8.40. Which of the following two, A or B, represent the
parallel combination? Give a reason for your answer.

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 Y
B

A
V

X
I

Ans: As we know that the slope of the V-I graph gives resistance. From the diagram
straight line A is less steeper than line B. It means slope of line A is less than line B.
Therefore line A represents small resistance and line B represents more resistance.
And we also know that the equivalent resistance for two resistances in series
connection is more than in parallel connections .So straight line A represents the
parallel combination.

Multiple Choice Type:

1. In series combination of resistances:

(a) p.d. is same across each resistance.
(b) total resistance is reduced
(c) current is same in each resistance
(d) all above are true.
Ans: Option (c) is the correct answer.
We know that in series combination the current is the same in each resistance that is
connected in the circuit.

2. In parallel combination of resistances:

(a) p.d. is same across each resistance.
(b) total resistance is increased
(c) current is same in each resistance
(d) all above are true.

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Ans: Option (a) is the correct answer.
We know that in parallel combinations of resistances the potential difference is the
same across each resistance that is connected in the circuit.

3. Which of the following combinations have the same equivalent resistance

between X and Y?
(a)

(b)

(c)

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(d)

Ans:
Option (a) and (d) are correct options.
In fig (a), the resistors are connected in parallel
Between X and Y.
Let R be the equivalent resistance.
the total Resistance in parallel:
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2
1/R = ½ + ½ = 1
R = 1 Ω ………………….(i)
In fig (d) a series combination of two 1Ω resistors is in parallel with another series
combination of two 1Ω resistors
Series resistance of two 1 Ohm resistors,
R=1+1=2Ω
Thus, we can say that across X and Y, two 2Ω resistors
are connected in parallel
Let R’ be the net resistance across X and Y then
1/R’ = ½ + ½
R’ = 1 Ω …………………… (ii)
From (i) and (ii), it is clear that (a) and (d) have the same equivalent resistance
between X and Y.

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We know that for the circuit the total resistance of the circuit is -
R total = Rp + r + RA
R total = 3 + 1.2 + 0.8 = 5Ω
Hence, the current through the ammeter is I = V/Rtotal
I = 2/5 = 0.4A
(b) the potential difference across the terminals of the cell is
Vcell = emf - IRcell
Vcell = 2 – (0.4 × 1.2)
Vcell = 2 - 0.48
Vcell = 1.52 V
(c) The potential difference across the 4.5 resistor is -
V = Vcell - Vammeter
V = 1.52 – (0.4 × 0.8)
V = 1.52 - 0.32 = 1.2 V

Exercise (8C)

1. Write an expression for the electrical energy spent in flow of current through
an electrical appliance in terms of current, resistance and time.
Ans: H = I2 Rt
Where H is the electrical energy produced in the appliance
I is the amount of current flowing through appliance
R is the resistance
And t is the time for which the current flows.

2. Write an expression for the electrical power spent on flow of current through a
conductor in terms of (a) resistance and potential difference (b) current and
resistance.

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Ans: (a) P=V2/R
here P is electrical power in a conductor
V is the potential difference across the conductor and R is the resistance across the
same.
(b) P = I2R where P is electrical power in a conductor
R is the resistance across the conductor and I is the current through the conductor.

3. Electrical power P is given by the expression P = (Q × V) / time

(a)What do the symbols Q and V represent?
(b) Express the power P in terms of current and resistance explaining the
meaning of symbols used there in.
Ans: (a) Q here represents the charge whereas V is the voltage difference across the
conductor.
(b) P=VI, here P is electrical power in a conductor
V is the potential difference across the conductor and I is the current through the
conductor.

4. Name the S.I. unit of electrical energy. How is it related to Wh?

Ans: The S.I. unit of electrical energy is Joule.
1Wh= 3600J

5. Explain the meaning of the statement that the power of an appliance is 100W.
Ans: Power = Energy produced/time
If the power of the appliance is 100W it means 100J of electrical energy is consumed
by the appliance in 1 secs.

6. State the S.I. unit of electrical power.

Ans: The S.I. unit of electrical power is Watt.

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Power is defined as the product of Voltage and current. When 1A current is produced
by the potential difference of 1V across the circuit then the resulting power produced
in the same is 1 Watt.

7. (i) State and define the household unit of electricity.

(ii) What is the voltage of the electricity that is generally supplied to a house?
(iii) What is consumed while using different electrical appliances, for which
electricity bills are paid.
Ans: (i) kWh is the household unit of electricity. It’s defined as the energy consumed
by the device of the power 1 kilowatt operated for 1hr.
(ii) Generally for domestic appliances 220V is the amount of voltage that is supplied.
(iii) Electrical energy is the quantity that’s consumed by using different appliances for
which the electricity bills are paid.

8. Name the physical quantity which is measured in (i) kW, (ii) kWh and (iii)Wh
Ans: (i) Power is usually measured in kW.
(ii) Electrical energy is measured in kWh as kWh is the commercial unit of electricity.
(iii) Electrical energy is the physical quantity that’s measured in Wh.

9. Define the term kilowatt-hour and state its value in S.I. unit.
Ans: kilowatt-hour is the commercial unit of electricity. It’s defined as the energy
consumed by the device of the power 1 kilowatt operated for 1hr.
1kWh = 3.6 × 106 J

10. How do kilowatt and kilowatt-hour differ?

Ans: kilowatt refers to the unit of electrical power whereas kilowatt-hour is the unit of
electrical energy.

11. Complete the following:-

(a) 1 kWh = 1 volt × 1 ampere × ………./1000

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(b) 1 kWh = ……….J
Ans: (a) 1 kWh = 1 volt × 1 ampere × 1000/1000
(b) 1kWh = 1000J

12. What do you mean by power rating of an electrical appliance? How do you
use it to calculate (a) the resistance of the appliance and (b) the safe limit of
current in it and while in use?
Ans: The power rating of any electrical appliance means the exact value of voltage
upon which the device actually works. Example if a device is written with the power
rating of 60W-230V it means 230V is the voltage at which the device will operate and
it will consume power of 60W.
(a) The resistance of the appliance is calculated by the formula
R=V2/P
Here V is the voltage rating on the appliance and P is the power rating on the
appliance.
(b) Safe limit of current is calculated by the formula
I=P/V
=Power rating on the appliance/Voltage rating on the appliance.

13. An electric bulb is rated ‘100W, 250V’. What information does this convey?
Ans: This statement means if the bulb is operated at 250V then it will consume
electrical power of 100W or 100J of electrical energy in 1 secs.

14. List the names of three electrical gadgets used in your house. Write their
power, voltage rating and approximate time for which each one is used in a day.
Hence find the electrical energy consumed by each in a month of 30 days.
Ans: Electric heater with the power rating as 1000W, Electric mixer with power rating
as 750W and Refrigerator with the power rating 150W are some of the electrical
gadgets used often in home. All these devices work on the domestic supply of 220V
for 1hour daily.

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In order to calculate the electrical energy consumed by each of them for a month of 30
days
Electric heater:- Power = 1000W
Time for which it’s used daily = 1hr
Power = Electrical energy consumed/time
Hence Electrical energy = Power × time
= 1000 W × 1 hr × 30 = 30000 Wh (for the month of 30 days)
Similarly for electric mixer Power = 750W
Time for which it’s used daily = 1hr
Power = Electrical energy consumed/time
Hence Electrical energy = Power × time
= 750 W × 1 hr × 30 = 22500 Wh (for the month of 30 days)
For Refrigerator Power = 150W
Time for which it’s used daily = 1hr
Power = Electrical energy consumed/time
Hence Electrical energy = Power × time
= 150 W × 1 hr × 30 = 4500Wh (for the month of 30 days)

15. Two lamps, one rated 220V, 50W and the other rated 220V, 100W, are
connected in series with mains of voltage 220V. Explain why the 50W lamp
consumes more power.
Ans: Power = I2/R here I is the current flowing through the lamp and R is the
resistance. Since both the lamps are connected in series, current flowing through both
will be the same, which means P∝1/Resistance
Hence 50W consumes more power than 100W as it’ll be having less resistance than
the other bulb.

16. Name the factors on which the heat produced in a wire depends when current
is passed in it, and state how does it depends on the factors stated by you.

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Ans: Heat produced in a wire depends on the following factors according to the
relation H = I2 Rt
a) Current flowing through the wire(I)
b) Resistance across the wire(R)
c) time for which the current flows(t)
The heat produced is directly proportional to the square of current flowing through it.
More is the current flowing the more heat will be generated.
Similarly the heat produced is also directly proportional to the resistance of wire and
the time for which current flows through the wire.

MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

1. When a current flows through a resistance R for time t, the electrical energy
spent is:
(a) IRt
(b) I2Rt
(c) IR2t
(d) I2R/t
Ans: Correct option is (b)I2Rt
This is the formula for Joule’s law of Heating.

2. An electrical appliance has a rating 100W,120V. The resistance of element of

appliance when in use is:
(a) 1.2Ω
(b)144Ω
(c) 120Ω
(d) 100Ω
Ans: Correct option is (b) 144Ω

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