STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS PART 1 – ROADS

e. Method of Operation
After preparing the road surface as above, the liquid asphalt shall be applied by means of the
distributor at the temperature and rate directed by the Engineer. Hand-spraying of restricted,
inaccessible areas is permitted, subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Prime coat shall usually be applied to one half or one third of the road width at a time. When
applied in two or more lanes, there shall be a 150 mm overlap of asphalt material along adjoining
edges of the lanes. It should be noted that no overlapping is allowed at the transverse joints and
that thick paper shall be used at the joint to protect the previous application and the joining
application shall begin on the paper. After use, the paper shall be removed and satisfactorily
disposed of by the Contractor. Care shall be taken that the application of bituminous material at the
junctions of spreads is not in excess of the specified amount. Excess bituminous material shall be
removed from the surface.
Prime coat shall be uniformly applied with the distributor within a maximum of 48 hours preceding
placement of asphaltic concrete paving. Do not place plant mix bituminous courses until the prime
coat has set.

f. Maintenance and Traffic

Traffic shall not be permitted on the primed surface until the asphaltic material has penetrated and
dried and, in the judgment of the Engineer, will not be picked up under traffic. If it becomes
necessary to permit traffic prior to that time, but in no case sooner than 24 hours after the
application of the asphaltic material, blotter material shall be applied as directed by the Engineer
and traffic shall be permitted to use the lanes so treated. Blotter material shall be spread from
trucks operated backward so that the wheels will not travel in uncovered wet asphaltic material.
When applying blotter material to an asphalt treated lane that adjoins a lane that has not been
treated, a strip at least 200 mm wide along the adjoining edge shall be left devoid of blotter
material in order to permit an overlap of asphalt material.
Contractor shall maintain the primed surface in a good clean condition and prior to the application
of the next course, any surface irregularities shall be corrected and all excessive blotter material,
dirt or other objectionable materials shall be removed.

3.4.2 Tack Coat

3.4.2.1 Description
This work shall consist of furnishing and applying slow setting emulsified asphalt tack coat to
asphaltic base course, an existing road surface, concrete bridge deck, approach slabs and other
concrete surfaces prior to placing asphaltic concrete wearing course in accordance with these
specifications and the Contract plans or as directed by the Engineer.

3.4.2.2 Material
Emulsified asphalt shall be of the slow-setting Cationic or Anionic type of the CSS-1h or SS-1h
grades respectively. Emulsified asphalt CSS 1h shall be in accordance with AASHTO M208 and
SS 1h shall be in accordance with AASHTO M 140.
Approved emulsion will be diluted with approximately an equal quantity of water and thoroughly
mixed as directed by the Engineer. Diluted emulsion shall be applied at a rate of 0.18 to 0.35
kg/m2, unless shown otherwise on the Contract plans or as directed by the Engineer.
Specific gravity of asphaltic material shall be determined by ASTM D3142 standard which shall
establish the kilograms per liter based on the specific gravity at 15.5° C for the material furnished.

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3.4.2.3 Construction
a. Weather Limitations
Tack coat shall not be applied when the ambient temperature is less than 13 C nor during rain,
fog, dust-storms or other unsuitable weather.

b. Application Temperature
Application temperature for the diluted emulsified asphalt shall be between 10 C and 60 C or as
directed by the Engineer.

c. Equipment required
Equipment used by the Contractor shall include an asphalt distributor in accordance with Sub-
article d of Article 3.3.3.1, as well as a power broom and a power blower. Power broom shall be
self-propelled and equipped with a cylindrical, rotating nylon bristle brush of not less than 760 mm
in diameter and not less than 1.82 m in length. Brush shall be capable of being angled to the right
and left with adjustable ground pressure. In addition, the Contractor shall supply and utilize
efficient and approved equipment for diluting the emulsified asphalt with water.

d. Surface Preparation
Full width of the surface to be treated shall be cleaned with a power broom or power blower to
remove dust, dirt or other objectionable materials. All fatty or unsuitable patches, excess cracks or
joint filler and all surplus bituminous material shall be corrected in accordance with the instructions of
the Engineer. Surface shall be dry when treated.

e. Method of Operation
Immediately after cleaning the surface, the diluted emulsified asphalt shall be applied by means of
the distributor truck at the temperature and rate directed by the Engineer. Hand spray of
inaccessible areas is permitted, subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Mixing and placing of the asphaltic material shall progress at a rate so that contamination of
previous lifts by dust and dirt and/or loss of bond capability shall not occur. If, in the opinion of the
Engineer, loss of bond capability has taken place, an additional tack coat shall be applied to the
surface of the previous lifts as directed by the Engineer.
Surface of structures, kerbstones and other appurtenances adjacent to areas being treated shall
be protected in such a manner as to prevent their being spattered or marred.
After application, the surface shall be cured prior to placement of asphalt concrete. Tack coat
surface shall be protected prior to placement of the asphalt concrete.
Tack coat shall be uniformly applied with the distributor within 24 hours preceding the placement of
the covering course.
If the tack coat is unavoidably damaged by rain or dust, or paving operations delayed longer than
24 hours, it shall be allowed to dry, shall be cleaned again by a power broom or power blower and,
when directed by the Engineer, a subsequent light application of tack coat applied to the surface.
No additional payment will be made by the department for this work.
Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, a tack coat is not necessary between layers of freshly
placed courses, he may by written direction eliminate the tack coat, in which case there will be no
payment for tack coat for the areas concerned. Any cleaning required in these areas shall be
considered to be included in the overlaying asphaltic concrete course and no separate payment
will be made.

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3.5.2 Micro Surfacing Specifications

Micro Surfacing is a cold mix blend of high quality aggregates, polymer modified emulsions, water
and mineral fillers mixed according to a predetermined mix design from a laboratory.
It is applied to existing, higher volume, heavy traffic roads and highways that are still in fair to good
condition, as a means of a cost effective preventative maintenance. It can reduce deterioration by
sealing, prevents further oxidization, corrects raveling and provides or replaces a high degree of
skid resistance. It can also correct wheel rutting, (up to 38mm thick) or re-profile a road. It has a life
expectancy exceeding seven years.
It is applied to existing pavements using a specialized micro box, (more comparable to a paver
screed than a slurry box) which is connected to the micro mixing unit, as shown on the right. The
micro box is variable width, allowing total coverage of a single lane in one pass.
Crews ahead of the unit set up traffic control, and sweep the road before applying the micro
surface. Operators of the units monitor the mixing and application. After a short curing time traffic
will be allowed to resume use of the freshly rehabilitated lane.
There are 3 different classes of Micro Surfacing, each using different size aggregates:
1. Type I: (fine aggregate) Recommended for Maintenance work.
Recommended application rates are 4.5 - 6.5 kg/ m2
2. Type II: (6.4mm aggregate) Recommended for Urban and Residential Streets and Airport
Runways. Recommended application rates are 5.4-10.8 kg/ m2
3. Type III: (9.5mm aggregate) Recommended for highways and wheel ruts.
Recommended application rates are 8.1-16.3 kg/ m2

3.5.2.1 Description
The Contractor shall furnish all labour, equipment, material, supplies, signage, traffic control, and
other incidentals necessary to provide Micro Surfacing. Micro Surfacing shall consist of a mixture
of an approved polymer-modified emulsified asphalt, mineral aggregate, water, and specified
additives, proportioned, mixed and uniformly spread over a properly prepared asphalt surface. The
completed Micro Surfacing shall leave a homogeneous mat, adhere firmly to the prepared surface,
and have a skid-resistant surface texture throughout its service life.

3.5.2.2 Materials
a. Emulsified Asphalt Material
The emulsion for Micro Surfacing shall be Emulsified Asphalt grade (CQS-1P) conforming to ASTM
D 2397 and AASHTO M 208. The modified emulsion shall contain a minimum of 3% polymer, SBR
latex, or natural latex by weight.
Table 3-44: Emulsified asphalt material requirements
Test on Emulsion Minimum Maximum AASHTO Test
Viscosity, Say bolt Furol, 25o C,s 15 100 T-59
Storage Stability Test, One day, % 1 T-59
Particle Charge Test Positive
Sieve Test, %(a) 0.1 T-59
Distillation:
Oil distillate, by volume, % - .5 T-59
Residue, % 62* - T-59

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Test on Residue from Distillation:

Penetration, 25o C, 100g, 5s 40 90 T-49
Ductility, 25o C, 50 mm / sec 50 - T-51
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, % 97 - T-44
Softening Point, Ring-and-Ball, C 57.2 - T-53

*The standard distillation procedure shall be modified as follows:

The temperature on the lower thermometer shall be brought slowly to 175o C ±5o C and maintained
at this point for 20 minutes. The total distillation shall be completed in 60 ±5 minutes from the first
application of heat.

b. Aggregate
The aggregate shall consist of manufactured granite crusher fines. The smooth textured crusher
fines shall have less than 1.25% water absorption. The aggregate shall be grey in colour and clean
and free from organic matter, other deleterious substances and clay balls.

Oversized granular material and/or presence of clay balls will require the project to be stopped and
shall meet the following requirements:
Table 3-45: Gradation Table – Aggregate (percent passing)

Sieve Size Type I Type II Type III Tolerance

9.50 mm - 100 100
4.76 mm 100 90-100 70-90 + or - 5%
2.38 mm 90-100 65-90 45-70 + or - 5%
1.19 mm 60-90 45-70 28-50 + or - 5%
0.60 mm 40-65 30-50 19-34 + or - 5%
0.30 mm - 18-30 7-18 + or - 4%
0.15 mm 10-21 7-18 + or - 3%
0.075 mm 10-20 5-15 5-15 + or - 2%
Resistance to Degradation (ASTM C131grading D) 15% maximum loss
Soundness of Aggregate (ASTM C88) 10% maximum loss
Sand Equivalent Value (ASTM D2419A) 65 minimum
LA Abrasion (AASHTO T96) 20% maximum loss

c. Mineral Filler
Cement, or other approved filler meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 17 or ASTM D242 shall
be used if required by the mix design. They shall be considered as part of the dry aggregate.

d. Water
All water used shall be potable and free of dissolved materials which may affect the mix
characteristics or finished characteristics of the product. Filler shall be of the specific type specified
in the mix design.

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