environmental impacts due to competition for

WATER CONSERVATION water with other species and an increased

incidence of allelopathy
Q.01. Which State of India has launched the
Q.04. Which of the following process does not
country’s first digital water data bank ‘Aquarium’
occur in the water cycle?
for clean water and water security in April 2022?
(a) Condensation (b) Infiltration
(a) Karnataka (b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Evaporation (d) Composition
(c) Punjab (d) Tamil Nadu
Ans : (d)
Ans : (a)
Exp : - The water cycle is a constant process where
Exp : -India's First Digital Water Bank, ‘AQUERIUM’
water evaporates, forms clouds, falls as rain or
has been launched in Bengaluru, Karnataka which
snow, and flows over land or seeps into the
is an innovative initiative aimed at better water
ground. It moves through the atmosphere as
management. It is formed by AquaKraft Group
vapor, across land as runoff, and through plants
Ventures. It is a very unique innovation combining
via uptake and transpiration. Solid ice can turn
sustainable & green technologies along with
directly into gas (sublimation), and water vapor
information technology, skill development &
can become solid (deposition).
entrepreneurship. It is a curate list of water data
from all institutions and sources that will help to Q.05. Enrichment of water body by nutrients like
tackle some common development challenges. phosphorus and nitrogen is called
Q.02. Which one of the following Watershed (a) Eutrophication (b) Biomagnification
Development Projects sponsored by the Central (c) Salination (d) Stratification
Government of India which aims at enabling the
Ans : (a)
rural population to conserve the water?
(a) Jal Kranti (b) Pani Sansad Exp : - The enrichment of a water body by
nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen is called (a)
(c) Hariyali (d) None of the above Eutrophication. Eutrophication occurs when
Ans : (c) there's an excessive presence of these nutrients,
leading to an overgrowth of algae and other
Exp : - The 'Hariyali' initiative stands as a
aquatic plants, disrupting the balance of the
collaborative effort between the central and state
ecosystem. This process can result in reduced
governments, aimed at watershed development
oxygen levels in the water, harming aquatic life.
and management. Spearheaded by the Ministry of
Biomagnification refers to the accumulation of
Rural Development, this program empowers local
substances, usually toxins, in the tissues of
village communities through the Panchayati Raj
organisms as you move up the food chain.
Institutions (PRIs) to drive area development
Salination involves an increase in salt content, and
programs based on watershed principles. By
stratification refers to the layering of water in
providing both financial backing and technical
lakes or oceans based on differences in
expertise, the government supports these
temperature or salinity.
initiatives, fostering sustainable growth within
rural areas. Q.06. Which of the following gases is primarily
responsible for eutrophication of water bodies?
Q.03. Which of the following trees is dangerous for
environment? (a) Nitrogen (b) Sulpher dioxide
(a) Neem (b) Eucalyptus (c) Carbon dioxide (d) All the above
(c) Babool (d) Banana Ans : (a)
Ans : (b) Exp : - Nitrogen, often in the form of nitrates and
nitrites, is a key nutrient that, when in excess,
Exp : - Eucalyptus is considered as an
leads to the overgrowth of algae and other aquatic
environmental hazard because growing Eucalyptus
plants in water bodies, causing eutrophication.
in low rainfall areas may cause adverse
While sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide can Ans : (c)
contribute to other forms of water and air
Exp : - In 2009, India set up the (c) National Ganga
pollution, they are not primarily responsible for
River Basin Authority to clean the Ganges.
eutrophication.
Q.10. Jharkhand State Water Policy 2011
Q.07. How many classes of water quality standards
are classified by Central Pollution Control Board? (a) Address adaptation capabilities of Institutions.
(a) 4 (b) 5 (b) Reduces GHG emissions.
(c) 6 (d) 7 (c) Reduces vulnerability towards natural hazard.
Ans : (b) (d) Confirms with climate change scenarios

Exp :-option (b) – 5 is correct! The Central Ans : (c)

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was established in Exp : - The vision of Jharkhand water policy 2011, is
September 1974 under the Water (Prevention and "To ensure the sustainable development and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Later, it was also optimal use and management of the State’s water
given responsibilities under the Air (Prevention resources to provide the greatest economic and
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The principal social benefit for the people of the State of
functions of CPCB include promoting cleanliness in Jharkhand in a manner that maintains important
streams and wells by preventing, controlling, and ecological values within rivers and adjoining
abating water pollution, as well as improving air lands". Therefore, Jharkhand water policy 2011
quality and preventing air pollution throughout aims to reduce vulnerability towards natural
the country. Additionally, CPCB has classified hazards
water into five quality standards to regulate and
Q.11. In which of the following year was
manage water quality across different areas.
constituted the ‘Central Ganga Authority’ by
Q.08. As per Bureau of India Standards (BIS) for Government of India?
drinking water acceptable limit for total (a) 1975 (b) 1982
hardness as CaCO3 is (c) 1985 (d) 1995
(a) 100 mg/l (b) 200 mg/l Ans : (c)
(c) 300 mg/l (d) None of these Exp : - Central Ganga Authority (CGA) was
Ans : (b) constituted in June, 1985. It was created under the
ministry of environment. The CGA was responsible
Exp : - As per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), for
for the implementation of Ganga Action Plan. The
drinking water, acceptable limit for total hardness Ganga Action Plan was taken up during 1985-2000
as CaCO3 is 200 mg/liter. Permissible limit for as centrally sponsored project for abatement of
CaCO3 in pollution of the river through schemes such as
the absence of alternate source is 600 mg/liter. interception and diversion of sewage, sewage
Some other important data treatment plant, low cost sanitation works river
front development works etc. Hence the main
Ph → 6.5 - 8.5
purpose of Ganga Action Plan was making Ganga
TDS → 500 mg/l pollution free
(Total Dissolved Solid) Q.12. The main purpose of 'Ganga Action Plan'
Q.09. In the year 2009, India set up following to project, launched in 1985, was
clean the Gangas: (a) Build new dams over the Ganga river valley
(a) National Ganga Commission (b) Utilize the river water for irrigation only
(b) Clean Ganga Authority (c) Make its water pollution free only
(c) National Ganga River Basin Authority (d) None of the above
(d) National Mission for clean Ganga River Ans : (c)
Exp : - The main purpose of the 'Ganga Action Plan' in agriculture is crucial for producing enough food,
project, launched in 1985, was (c) to make the fodder, and crops.
Ganga's water pollution-free. Q.17. Ground water utilization is the highest in the
Q.13. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) state of
Act came into force in- (a) Gujarat (b) Punjab
(a) 1980 (b) 1981 (c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Maharashtra
(c) 1982 (d) 1983 Ans : (b)
Ans : (b) Exp : -Ground water plays a key role in meeting the
Exp : - The Air (Prevention and Control of water needs of various user-sectors in India. The
Pollution) Act came into force on 29th March, 1981 Ground Water utilization is very high in the states
to provide for the prevention, control and of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.
abatement of air pollution. However, the states like Chhattisgarh, Odisha and
Kerala, which utilize only a small proportion of
Q.14. When was the Water Prevention and Control their ground water potential.
of Pollution Act implemented?
Q.18. Which of the following gas is used for the
(a) 1990 (b) 1974
purification of drinking water?
(c) 1981 (d) None of the above
(a) Sulphur dioxide (b) Chlorine
Ans : (b)
(c) Fluorine (d) Carbon dioxide
Exp : -The Water (Prevention and Control of Ans : (b)
Pollution) Act was implemented in (b) 1974.
Exp : - Chlorination is the process of adding
Q.15. Water Pollution of river is measured by- chlorine to drinking water to disinfect it and kill
(a) Amount of Chlorine dissolved in water germs. A leading advantage of chlorination is that,
(b) Amount of Ozone dissolved in water it has proven effective against bacteria and
viruses; however it cannot inactivate all microbes
(c) Amount of Nitrogen dissolved in water
Q.19. Which of the following is/are used as a
(d) Amount of Oxygen dissolved in water
disinfectant of water?
Ans : (d)
(a) Ozone (b) Chlorine dioxide
Exp : - Water pollution of river is measured by
oxygen dissolved in water. The amount of (c) Chloramine (d) All of the above
dissolved oxygen is indicator of its water quality. Ans : (d)
Dissolved oxygen also indicates life of aquatic
Exp : - Disinfection is an important step in ensuring
animal. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is
that water is safe to drink. Water systems add
measure water pollution.
disinfectants to destroy microorganisms that can
Q.16. Which one of the following sector has cause disease in humans. Primary methods of
greater consumption share of water in India? disinfection are chlorination, chloramines, ozone,
(a) Domestic Sector (b) Mining Sector and ultraviolet light. Other disinfection methods
include chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate
(c) Industrial Sector (d) Agricultural Sector
and nanofiltration. Therefore
Ans : (d)
Q.20. The presence of high coliform counts in
Exp : - In India, agriculture is the biggest user of water indicates:
water, consuming 80% of the available freshwater
(a) Decreased biological oxygen demand
resources. The Central Water Commission reports
that 78% of the country's fresh water sources are (b) Phosphorus contamination
used for irrigation, with groundwater (63%), canals (c) Hydrocarbon contamination
(24%), water tanks (2%), and other sources (11%) (d) Contamination by human wastes
contributing significantly. This heavy use of water
Ans : (d) Exp : - International World Water Day is celebrated
Exp : - (d) is correct! Coliforms are bacteria annually on 22 March as a means of focusing
commonly found in the digestive systems of attention on the importance of freshwater and
animals, including humans, and are present in advocating for the sustainable management of
their waste. These bacteria can also be found in freshwater resources. The theme for World Water
plants and soil. While most coliform bacteria are Day 2022 is “Groundwater: making the invisible
harmless and don't cause disease, certain strains visible”.
of E. coli, though rare, can lead to severe illness if Q.24. Which of the following environmentalists is
ingested. known by the name of ‘Jal Purush’?
Q.21. By which process the sea water can be (a) Sunderlal Bahuguna (b) Rajendra Singh
converted into fresh water? (c) B. Venkateshwarlu (d) Salim Ali
(a) Inflammation (b) Boiling Ans : (b)
(c) Electric separation (d) Reverse osmosis
Exp : - Rajendra Singh, often hailed as the
Ans : (d) ‘Waterman of India’ or ‘Jal Purush,’ received the
Exp : - Desalination of seawater is possible by using prestigious Stockholm Water Prize in 2015 and the
thermal desalination technology or membrane Magsaysay Award in 2001. He's recognized for his
technology like Reverse Osmosis (RO). In the exceptional efforts in bringing water to over 1,000
process of reverse osmosis, water containing villages in the arid state of Rajasthan. His approach
dissolved salt molecules is forced through a semi involved implementing modern adaptations of
permeable membrane (essentially a filter) in which traditional Indian rainwater harvesting techniques,
the larger salt molecules do not get through the which are both cost-effective and straightforward.
membrane holes but the smaller water molecules Singh's innovative methods have been
do. Therefore reverse osmosis is an effective instrumental in addressing water scarcity issues in
means to desalinate saline water these areas.

Q.22. Which of the following water management

strategy is cost-effective in India?
(a) Improvement of the flush system
(b) Treatment and use of waste water
(c) Rain water harvesting
(d) Recycling and re-use of water
Ans : (c)
Exp : - Rain water harvesting is a simple method by
which rainfall is collected for future usage. India
receives a large amount of rain water every year
during monsoon. Capturing the rainwater can help
to recharge local aquifers, reduce urban flooding
and most importantly ensure water availability in
water-scarce zones. Therefore rain water
harvesting is most cost effective water
management strategy in India.
Q.23. The World Water Conservation Day is
celebrated on:
(a) 28th February (b) 22nd March
(c) 5th June (d) 11th May
Ans : (b)