FUNCTIONAL EXPOSURE REPORT

Subject Code – 24357

Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirement of The Award of Bachelor of Journalism and
Mass Communication (BAJMC)

2022-2025

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:-

FACULTY NAME (DR/MS/ MR) NAME;
DESIGNATION ENROLLMENT:
BA(JMC) 3rd YEAR
5rd SEME STER, 1st SHIFT

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

(AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY)
DWARKA SECTOR 9, NEW DELHI – 110075.
 CONTENT

SNO. TOPIC SIGN

1. Acknowledgement

2. Internal Certificate

3 Preface

4. About the organization

5. About the Department

6. Weekly Report

7. Conclusion

8. Internship Certificate

9. Letter of Recommendation

10. Annexures of the Work Done

Weekly
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel proud in expressing a reflective sense of gratitude to my project guide Mr. Kanishk who is
the editor at VIP NEWS Channel. He has kindly provided me the chance to work at the admired
field of television production and reporting for the channel. His guidance, constant
encouragement and inspiration were instrumental in the completion of this project. He has
always allowed me to influence upon his precious time and ensured his kindness with ideas. I am
grateful to all the team of producers and assistant producers who mentored me and taught me the
necessary skills.

I would also like to thank Dr. Arvind Sagar who has provided me with the internal guidance and
sincerely supported me with the valuable insights into the completion of this project.

ADITYA SHARMA
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
 INTERNAL CERTIFICATE

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

(AFFILATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRATHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI)

This is to certify that the functional exposure report is a bona fide work carried out by Aditya
Sharma of Trinity Institute of Professional Studies, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the degree of Bachelor of Journalism and Mass Communication programme of Guru Gobind
Singh Indraprastha University under the guidance of Dr. Arvind Sagar.

To the extent of our knowledge the work is original and has not been submitted to any other
university or institution for any other degree or diploma.

Dr. Arvind

Sagar (Project

Guide)
 PREFACE
Currently I’m pursuing Bachelors of Journalism and Mass Communication at Trinity Institute of
Professional Studies, Dwarka, New Delhi. By the completion of my 2 nd year I did an internship. I
chose to work in the field of television production. The reason for the same is clear that I want to
establish my career in the television field of journalism. I wanted to experience all sorts of
camera work done before anything was broadcast on the news channel whether it be editing,
creating alpha tabs, reporting, managing rundown etc. My evident goal for the internship here
was to get an experience of how things really work in a news channel’s production department.
Internships are known for giving students the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real world
environments. At the same time, they will also develop skills which will help them perform
better at their jobs. A great advantage of taking an internship is the opportunity to begin a career
and start a good network within the student's preferred industry. By using internships, students
are provided with experience that will make them stronger. In addition to this, their work ethic
will increase, and they will be confident in their abilities. Internships will also allow students to
learn about time management, discipline, and effective communication skills. In the business
world, critical thinking skills are very important.

Although the college curriculum is considered to be the crux of any college education, I must say
that internships have become increasingly important as college students graduate and seek to
become professionals in their selected field of interest. Internships provide a valuable
opportunity to gain work experience in a student's chosen field before graduation. Completing an
internship can help a student decide if a particular career is actually the right fit for them, and
through an internship, students can establish contacts or even earn college credit while working
in a part-time, temporary position. Additionally, in a competitive job market, internships give
recent graduates an edge over other potential candidates who do not have any relevant work
experience.

As part of our curriculum all the students were assigned to undergo four weeks of ‘summer
training in broadcast media’ to explore various arenas inside the broadcast media. Also, those
interested in a specific section were advised to do so accordingly.
I worked at VIP NEWS NATIONAL Channel. The internship in this channel provided me a lot
of mileage in the highly competitive journalism industry as it is a combination of theory and
practical on – the – field experience. It provided me a platform to closely discern my capabilities
and develop a sense of interest in my field of concern. I did my internship in the production
department which is an input desk and video editing with experienced people. Production
department is a core part of the input desk as they treat the raw news data, bytes provided by the
correspondents which are later to be presented by anchors during a news bulletin. Also, when it
comes to on field reporting, news gathering and sending it to the input is the primary stage of any
news which is later prepared to be disseminated among the masses. As a result, I got to learn and
get skills to work on many software programs like Adobe Premiere Pro which is an editing
software, then teleprompter which is the technology-based device in which a news anchor can
read bulletins. Overall, this internship experience gave me the idea of how things really work off
camera. I went on reporting with the camera men who kept me engaged in teaching me things
about their work. The wholesome experience was an exposure to the functioning of the news
channel’s production department.
 ABOUT TELEVISION MEDIA

History of television in India

In January 1950, The Indian Express reported that a television was put up for demonstration at
an exhibition in the Teynampet locality of Madras (now Chennai) by B. Sivakumaran, a student
of electrical engineering. A letter was scanned and its image displayed on a cathode ray tube
screen. The report said that "it may be this is not the whole of television but it is certainly the
most significant link in the system" and added that the demonstration of the sort could be the
"first in India".

In Kolkata, television was first used in the house of the wealthy Neogi family. Terrestrial
television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959
with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. Daily transmission began in 1965 as a part of All
India Radio (AIR). Television service was later extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972. Up
until 1975, only seven Indian cities had television services. Satellite Instructional Television
Experiment (SITE) was an important step taken by India to use television for development. The
programmes were mainly produced by Doordarshan (DD) which was then a part of the AIR. The
telecast happened twice a day, in the mornings and evenings. Other than information related to
agriculture, health and family planning were the other important topics dealt with in these
programmes. Entertainment was also included in the form of dance, music, drama, folk and rural
art forms. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecast was
introduced in 1982. In the same year, color television was introduced in the Indian market.

Indian small screen programming started off in the early 1980s. During this time, there was only
one national channel, the government-owned Doordarshan. The Ramayana and Mahabharata,
both based on the Indian epics of the same names, were the first major television series
produced. They notched up world record in viewership numbers. By the late 1980s, more people
began to own television sets. Though there was a single channel, television programming had
reached saturation. Hence the government opened up another channel which had part national
programming and part regional. This channel was known as DD 2, later renamed DD Metro.
Both channels were broadcast terrestrially. In 1997, Prasar Bharati, a statutory autonomous body
was established. Doordarshan along with the AIR were converted into government corporations
under Prasar Bharati. The Prasar Bharati Corporation was established to serve as the public
service broadcaster of the country which would achieve its objectives through AIR and
Doordarshan. This was a step towards greater autonomy for Doordarshan and AIR. However,
Prasar Bharati has not succeeded in shielding Doordarshan from government control.
The transponders of the American satellites PAS 1 and PAS-4 helped in the transmission and
telecast of DD. An international channel called DD International was started in 1995 and it
telecasts programs for 19 hours a day to foreign countries-via PAS-4 to Europe, Asia and Africa,
and via PAS-1 to North America.

The 1980s was the era of DD with shows like Hum Log (1984), Wagle Ki Duniya (1988),
Buniyaad (1986–87) and comedy shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi (1984), other than the widely
popular mythological dramas like Ramayan (1987–88) and Mahabharat (1989–90) glued
millions to Doordarshan and later on Chandrakanta. Hindi film songs based programs like
Chitrahaar, Rangoli, Superhit Muqabla and crime thrillers like Karamchand, Byomkesh Bakshi.
Shows targeted at children included Divyanshu ki Kahaniyan, Vikram Betal, Malgudi Days,
Tenali Rama. It is also noted that Bengali filmmaker Prabir Roy had the distinction of
introducing color television coverage in India in February–March 1982 during the Nehru Cup, a
football tournament which was held at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, with five on-line camera
operation, before Doordarshan started the same during the Delhi Asian Games in November that
year.

The central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under Prime
Minister Narasimha Rao. Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreign
broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued consistently
by all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign channels like CNN, STAR TV and private
domestic channels such as Zee TV, ETV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts. Starting with
41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1995, television in India had covered more than 70 million
homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100
channels.
 News Broadcasting

News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting of various news events and

other information via television, radio, or internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The
content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by
a broadcast network. It may also include additional material such as sports coverage, weather
forecasts, traffic reports, commentary, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to
their audience.

Television news
Television news refers to disseminating current events via the medium of television. A "news
bulletin" or a "newscast" are television programs lasting from seconds to hours that provide
updates on international, national, regional, and/or local news events.

There are numerous providers of broadcast news content such as BBC News, NBC News, CNN,
Fox News Channel, RT, and Al Jazeera, as well as numerous programs that regularly provide
this content such as NBC Nightly News. In addition to general news outlets, there are specialized
news outlets, for example about sports ESPN news, Fox Sports News, and Eurosport News, as
well as finances, including CNBC, Bloomberg Television, and Fox Business Network.

Television news is very visually-based, showing video footage of many of the events that are
reported; still photography is also used in reporting news stories, although not as much in recent
years as in the early days of broadcast television. Television channels may provide news
bulletins as part of a regularly scheduled news program. Less often, television shows may be
interrupted or replaced by breaking news reports ("news flashes") to provide news updates on
events of great importance.
Structure of a TV News Channel
 ABOUT THE ORGANISATION
VIP NEWS

COMPANY PROFILE

Figure-1 Logo of VIP NEWS NATIONAL CHANNEL

“Aapki awaaz”

▪ Name of the Company: VIP NEWS

▪ Address: FC-8, Sector-16A Film City, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

201301

▪ Local/National company: National Company

● Vip News Hindi News channel added by Airtel Digital TV on

15-Jul-2021. It is available on Gsat 17.
● Earlier name of this channel was (Prabhatam Hsb).
● The channel is available on C band since 10/02/2014.

More Details of VIP News:

● Channel name: VIP News

● DTH: Airtel Digital TV
● Frequency:12415
● Polarization: V
● Symbol Rate:21850
● Video PID:881
● Audio Pids: AAC-ADTS PID 882 = hin
 NATURE OF THE COMPANY
VIP NEWS is a prominent player in the media landscape, serving as a
comprehensive source of news and information for audiences across the nation. As
a national news channel, the company is committed to delivering timely, accurate,
and unbiased news coverage, reflecting a diverse range of perspectives and topics.

Mission and Values:

The core mission of VIP NEWS is to empower and inform the public by providing
in-depth reporting on current events, politics, business, culture, and other
significant issues. The company values journalistic integrity, aiming to uphold the
highest standards of accuracy and fairness in its reporting.

Coverage and Reach:

With an extensive network of correspondents and reporters, VIP NEWS ensures

nationwide coverage, capturing events from major cities to remote regions. The
channel's reach extends beyond television, leveraging digital platforms to engage
with a broad and tech-savvy audience.

Diversity and Inclusivity:

Recognizing the importance of diversity in news reporting, VIP NEWS is

dedicated to inclusivity in its workforce and content. The channel strives to present
a broad spectrum of voices and perspectives, fostering a more comprehensive
understanding of the complex issues facing the nation.

Technological Innovation:

Embracing the latest advancements in technology, VIP NEWS employs state-of-

the-art equipment and digital platforms to deliver news in real-time. The
company recognizes the evolving nature of media consumption and adapts its
strategies to meet the needs of an ever-changing audience.

Community Engagement:

Beyond reporting news, VIP NEWS actively engages with the community through
various initiatives. This includes public forums, educational programs, and
partnerships with non-profit organizations to contribute positively to the social
fabric of the nation.

Corporate Responsibility:

Committed to ethical journalism and corporate responsibility, VIP NEWS adheres

to industry standards and guidelines. The company plays a vital role in shaping
public discourse and is mindful of its responsibility to provide information that is
transparent, truthful, and serves the public interest.

In summary, VIP NEWS stands as a trusted source of news, dedicated to

informing, educating, and fostering a deeper understanding of the issues that
impact the nation.
 About The Department
Production

The production department of a news channel is the heartbeat of the entire

operation, playing a pivotal role in bringing news stories to life and delivering
them to the audience in a compelling and engaging manner. This department is
responsible for the creation and coordination of all visual and auditory elements
that make up a news broadcast.

1. News Story Conceptualization:

The process begins with the conceptualization of news stories. Producers and
editors collaborate to identify relevant and impactful news topics. They decide on
the angle, tone, and format that will best convey the information to the audience.

2. Scripting and Storyboarding:

Once the story is defined, the production team develops a script that serves as the
blueprint for the news segment. This script outlines the narrative, key points, and
timing. Storyboarding may also be involved, especially for visual-heavy segments,
to plan the sequence of shots and graphics.

3. Gathering Resources:

The production team works closely with reporters, journalists, and camera crews to
gather the necessary resources for a news story. This includes raw footage,
interviews, photographs, and any additional elements required to enhance the
storytelling.

4. Coordination with Technical Teams:

Collaboration with technical teams is crucial. Directors, camera operators, sound
engineers, and lighting technicians work together to ensure the technical aspects of
the production, such as camera angles, lighting conditions, and audio quality, meet
the highest standards.

5. Editing and Post-Production:

Editors take the collected footage and assemble it into a cohesive and polished
news segment. They add graphics, overlays, and other visual elements to enhance
the storytelling. Post-production is also where the final touches are made to ensure
a seamless flow and professional presentation.

6. Live Broadcasting:

In the case of live broadcasts, the production team manages the real-time execution
of the news program. This involves coordinating with anchors, controlling live
feeds, and ensuring that everything runs smoothly according to the script and
schedule.

7. Quality Control:

The production department is responsible for maintaining the quality of the

broadcast. This includes monitoring audio and video levels, ensuring accurate
timing, and addressing any technical issues that may arise during a live or recorded
broadcast.

8. Innovation and Adaptation:

The production team is often at the forefront of technological innovation, exploring

new tools and techniques to enhance the visual and auditory appeal of news
broadcasts. They continuously adapt to changes in technology and audience
preferences.
In essence, the production department of a news channel is the creative force
behind the scenes, turning news stories into captivating and informative visual
experiences for the audience.
 Week wise report
Week 1: Orientation and Overview

In the first week, I immersed myself in the news channel's environment, attending
orientation sessions that covered the organization's history, mission, and structure.
I familiarized myself with the various departments and their functions, gaining
insights into the collaborative nature of news production. Meetings with team
members, including producers, editors, and technical staff, provided valuable
context for understanding the workflow and hierarchy within the production
department.

Week 2: Script Development and Coordination

During the second week, I actively participated in script development sessions.

Working closely with seasoned producers and editors, I learned the intricacies of
crafting compelling news narratives. This involved contributing ideas, refining
scripts, and understanding the editorial decisions that shape the final content.
Simultaneously, I engaged in hands-on coordination with reporters and camera
crews, learning the importance of clear communication to ensure that production
timelines were met and that all necessary resources were gathered efficiently.

Week 3: Hands-on Technical Experience

In the third week, I delved into the technical aspects of news production.
Collaborating with directors, camera operators, and sound engineers, I gained
practical experience in setting up and operating production equipment. This hands-
on exposure included understanding camera configurations, lighting setups, and
audio requirements. Shadowing the technical teams during live broadcasts
provided insights into the dynamic nature of on-the-spot decision-making and the
importance of seamless collaboration to achieve broadcast quality.

Week 4: Post-Production and Quality Control

The final week focused on the post-production phase of news broadcasting.

Working closely with experienced editors, I learned the art of transforming raw
footage into polished news segments. This included video editing techniques,
incorporating graphics, and ensuring a cohesive flow in the final product.
Simultaneously, I participated in quality control measures, monitoring audio and
video levels to uphold the channel's standards for accuracy and technical
excellence. This week provided a comprehensive understanding of the meticulous
attention to detail required in the final stages of news production.
 Conclusion

The culmination of my four-week internship as a Production Incharge at VIP

NEWS marks not just the end of a valuable experience, but the beginning of a
profound journey into the intricate world of news production. This internship has
been a dynamic exploration of the multifaceted responsibilities associated with
overseeing the production process, from the initial stages of script development to
the meticulous details of post-production and quality control.

Reflecting on the Orientation Week: Laying the Foundation

The initial week of orientation was instrumental in laying the foundation for my
understanding of the news channel's operations. The sessions provided a panoramic
view of the organization's history, its mission, and the collaborative dynamics that
drive news production. Engaging with team members from various departments
illuminated the interconnectedness of roles within the organization and emphasized
the importance of effective communication and teamwork in achieving a seamless
workflow.

Script Development and Coordination: Crafting Narratives with Precision

The second week, dedicated to script development and coordination, was a pivotal
phase in my internship. Collaborating with seasoned producers and editors
allowed me to witness the intricate process of crafting compelling news narratives.
Contributing ideas and refining scripts underscored the importance of editorial
decisions in shaping the final content. Simultaneously, my engagement in
coordinating with reporters and camera crews provided a hands-on understanding
of the logistical challenges and the art of resource management in the fast-paced
world of news production.
Hands-on Technical Experience: Behind the Scenes of Broadcast

Week three immersed me in the technical intricacies of news production.

Collaborating with directors, camera operators, and sound engineers, I gained
practical insights into the setup and operation of production equipment. From
configuring cameras to understanding lighting nuances and audio requirements,
this hands-on experience was invaluable. The culmination of this week in
shadowing the technical teams during live broadcasts offered a real-time
understanding of the challenges and decision-making processes required to ensure
a seamless and high-quality production.

Post-Production and Quality Control: Polishing the Final Product

The final week of my internship delved into the critical stages of post-production
and quality control. Working closely with experienced editors, I learned the
nuanced art of transforming raw footage into polished news segments. This phase
involved mastering video editing techniques, incorporating graphics, and ensuring
a cohesive flow in the final product. Simultaneously, my participation in quality
control measures highlighted the meticulous attention required to maintain the
channel's standards for accuracy and technical excellence. This week crystallized
my understanding of the importance of precision in the final stages of news
production.

A Holistic View of News Production: Beyond the Technicalities

Beyond the technical aspects, this internship has provided me with a holistic view
of news production as a dynamic and collaborative process. It's not just about
cameras, scripts, and editing; it's about telling stories that matter, and doing so with
integrity and accuracy. The experience has underscored the vital role of effective
communication, adaptability, and attention to detail in the successful execution of
news programs.
Mentorship and Collaboration: Learning from Industry Experts

Throughout this journey, the mentorship I received from seasoned professionals in

the production department played a pivotal role in shaping my learning curve.
Their guidance, insights, and willingness to share their expertise enriched my
experience, providing me with a deeper understanding of the industry's nuances
and best practices.

Personal and Professional Growth: Bridging Theory with Practice

As I reflect on this internship, I am struck by the substantial growth in both my

personal and professional capacities. The theoretical knowledge gained in
academic settings found practical application, and I was challenged to adapt and
innovate in real-time scenarios. This immersion has not only fortified my
understanding of news production but has also equipped me with transferable
skills in communication, teamwork, and problem-solving that extend beyond the
realm of media.

Looking Ahead: Applying Knowledge and Nurturing Curiosity

This internship has served as a launchpad for my future endeavors in the field of
news production. Armed with the practical insights gained, I am eager to apply this
knowledge in real-world scenarios, contributing to the evolving landscape of media
and storytelling. The curiosity nurtured during this internship has not waned;
instead, it has evolved into a driving force propelling me toward continuous
learning and improvement.
Gratitude and Acknowledgments: A Journey Shared

In conclusion, I express my sincere gratitude to the entire [News Channel Name]

team for welcoming me into their fold and providing an enriching environment for
learning. The shared experiences, challenges, and triumphs have not only shaped
my understanding of news production but have also fostered a sense of belonging
within the media community.

As I take the lessons learned during this internship forward, I do so with a

profound sense of appreciation for the industry's complexities and a deep-seated
commitment to contributing meaningfully to the world of news production. The
journey has been transformative, and I embark on the next chapter with
enthusiasm, curiosity, and a readiness to face the dynamic challenges that lie
ahead. News production, with its blend of creativity, technology, and societal
impact, has left an indelible mark on my professional journey, and I am excited to
continue this trajectory of growth and exploration.
LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION: