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Full Wave Rectifier 1

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65 views12 pages

Full Wave Rectifier 1

Uploaded by

shamdeepu18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IM

To construct a Full Wave Bridge rectifier and show


that the (AC) alternating current is rectified into a
direct current (DC).
The aim is to -

1. Understand Rectification.
2. Explain center tapped full wave rectification.
3. Explain Bridge Full Wave Rectification.
CONTENTS

I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Materials required
IV. Circuit diagram
V. Procedure
VI. Working
VII. Observation And Result
VIII. Conclusion
IX. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in The
onlyone direction. process 15
known as rectification. Rectification produces a type of DC
that encompasses active voltages and currents, which are then
into of constant this
voltage DC, although
adjusted a type
varies depending on the current's end-use. The current is
allowed to flow uninterrupted in one direction, and no current
is allowed to flow in the opposite direction.

Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including


vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium
oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled
rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches.

Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-phase. Most


low power rectifiers for domestic equipment are single-phase
but three-phase rectification is very important for industrial
applications and for the transmission of energy as DC.
THEORY
In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half
of the AC is the half is
wave passed, while other blocked.
Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the
output, it is very inefficient if used for power transfer.
A is the
full-wave rectifier exactly same as the half-wave, but
allows unidirectional current through the load during the entire
Sinusoidal cycle (as opposed to only half the cycle in the half-
wave). A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input
waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at
its output. Let us see our half wave rectifier example and
deduce the circuit. So, we have seen that this rectifier circuit
consists of two sources which have a phase difference along
with two diodes. When V1 is positive, V2 is negative. Hence
the top diode will be a short and the bottom diode will be an
open. On the other hand, when Vsl is negative, Vs2 is positive.
Hence the bottom diode will be on and the top diode will be an
open circuit.
A full-wave rectifier can be constructed using Center-Tapped
transformer - which give us two shifted sinusoids so that

exactly one of the waveforms is positive at one time and two


diodes. As compared to the half wave rectifier we use twwo
diodes instead of one, one of the two diodes remains in
conduction in both of the half cycles. At any point in time,
only one of the diodes is forward biased. This allows for
continuous conduction through load.
MATERIALS REQUIRED -

Connecting Wires

A plug

Single Lead Wire- 2m


Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3cm length
Circuit Board
A Transformer (12V
A Resistor
P-N Junction Diodes (4nos)
A LED
Insulation Tape, Blades, Soldering Wax, Soldering
Lead, Soldering Iron & Sand Paper.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier

Vsm

Oyol
Load
Vsm
PROCEDURE
Take the transformer and attach it to one end of the
circuit board. Attach the plug with the wire of
desired length and connect it to the transformer AC
In. now, take four diodes and connect the 4 diodes
into a loop. Connect the anode of diode DI to the
anode of D2.

Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of D3.comnect


the cathode of D3 to anode of D4 and connect the
anode of D4 to cathode of D1. The output of
transformers should be connected to A and C. Now,
take two capacitor and connect its -ve terminal to-
ve and tve terminal to tve. And connect both the
capacitors to B and D. Connect a resistor and a LEDD
to the capacitor. Attach wire from the capacitors and
connect it to the output device.
WORKIN6

When the AC is supplied to the transtformer, it step down


the 240V main supply to 12V. It has a capability of
delivering 700mA. The 12 volts AC appearing across the
secondary is the RMS value. The four diodes labelled D
to Da are arranged in "series pairs" with only two diodes
conducting current during each half cycle. The four
diodes labelled Di to Ds are arranged in "series pairs"
with only two diodes conducting current during each half
cycle. During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes
DI and D2 conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4 are
reverse biased and the current flows through the load as
shown below.
The Positive Half-cycle

220 V

AC

o
12Tnansdotmer
During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3
and D4 conduct in series, but diodes DI and D2 switch

OFF as they are now reverse biased. The current


as before.
flowing through the load is the same direction
The Negative Half-cycle

220 V
D Poiodle Resisto
AC in

pacilo
12v Tranjorumes
25 v

In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the above


it is clear that
process are repeated. In both the half cycles
current flows through the resistor in only one direction.
Even though the voltage across load is unidirectional it
will still contains a few AC components. This is filtered
and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of
the AC current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output
voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all AC components
from supply and resistance is adjusted for the required
and one
output. As this is a simple circuit, two capacitors
resistor are being used. The output Direct Current and
voltage light up the LED and other source connected with
it.
OBSERVATION AND RESULT
- - - ****

On connecting a voltmeter to the output of bridge


circuit 12V current is coming.

INPUT VoLTAGE

oUTPUT voLTAGE

V
RE
CONCLUSION
Rectifiers are found in all power supplies that
operate from an ac voltage source. Also the rectifier
is used as a power supply unit. The rectifier converts
the ac input voltage to a pulsating dc voltage. The
filter eliminates the fluctuations in the rectified
voltage and produces a relatively smooth de voltage.
The regulator is a circuit that maintains a constant de
voltage for variations in the input line voltage or in
the load.

Working ofA Rectifier-

VN VouT
VAC
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-**

Physics lab manual


Wikipedia
www.google.com
www.olabs.edu.in

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