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Blast Furnace Raw Material, Structure & Design

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134 views27 pages

Blast Furnace Raw Material, Structure & Design

Uploaded by

Gourav Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RAW MATERIAL of Blast Furnace

ON LINE Class Room


Bindeshwar Prasad
27/04/2020
Raw Materials

➢ Iron Ore(+8mm-40mm
Iron Bearing ➢ Sinter(+5mm- -40mm)
➢ Pellet(+6mm- -16mm)
Material
Raw Materials
Fuel & Reducing ➢ Coal(-200 mesh)
for Iron ➢ Coke(+34mm- 80mm)
making agent

➢ Limestone
➢ Dolomite
Flux ➢ Pyroxenite
➢ Quartzite
Type of Furnace Based on Design

Lintel design is also known as column supported


furnace. It is a large structural steel ring
Supporting the furnace stack.
Type of Furnace Based on Design

➢ It is free standing furnace.


Means not supported by
Column.

➢ Higher Capacity Furnace

➢ Higher Intensity Cooling

➢ Upgradation of working volume


resulting in an increased output
Physical parts of a blast
furnace
Physical parts of a blast furnace

STACK

It is the zone in which the burden is completely solid. The charge gets
heated up to 200 degree at the stack line level to nearly 1100 to 1200
degree by the time it descends to the bottom of the stack.

In order to ensure free fall of the charge material, as it expands


progressively with the progressive rise in temperature, the cross
section of the furnace is uniformly increased to belly level from stock
line in the ratio of 0.61 to 0.70. It means that ratio of throat to belly
should be 0.61 to 0.70.
Physical parts of a blast furnace

BOSH

The next lower zone is called the bosh in which the melting
of the burden, except that of the coke takes place.

The furnace walls in this region are either parallel or taper


down. parallel zone is known as belly and taper portion is
known as bosh. Tapering down is to adjust the resultant
decrease in the apparent volume of the charge.

The ratio of belly to hearth remains in between 1.15 to 1.2


Physical parts of a blast furnace

COMBUSTION ZONE

By the time the charge descends into the area near the tuyere, except
the central column of the coke, the entire charge is molten.

The oxygen blast burns coke to CO in the tuyeres zone.


C+O2=CO2
CO2+C=2CO

There is a runway or raceway in front of each tuyere, which


is first horizontal and then smoothly changes direction to
vertical while expanding over the entire cross section.
Physical parts of a blast furnace

HEARTH

The entire charge is molten and tends to stratify into


slag and metal layer in the hearth. Slag and metal are
tapped together from the same tap hole and
separated in
cast house.
HEIGHT of blast furnace

Working Height is the height from Stock line to Tuyere


Centre line.

Working Height of the furnace


Useful Height is the height from Stock
line to Tap Hole Centre line.

Useful Height of the furnace


Volume of blast furnace

Useful Volume of the furnace is the volume from


Stock Line to Tap Hole Centre line.

Useful Volume of Blast furnace


Volume of blast furnace

Working Volume of the furnace is the volume from Stock Line to


Tuyere Centre line Hole.

Working Volume of Blast furnace


Zones in a blast furnace
Zones in a blast furnace

GRANULAR ZONE

Right at the top of the furnace is the granular zone


that contains the coke and the iron bearing
materials charged along with the small quantities
of limestone and other fluxes.

The iron bearing oxides get reduced to wustite


and metallic iron towards the lower end of the
granular zone.
Zones in a blast furnace

COHESIVE ZONE

As the burden descends further, and its


temperature rises on account of contact with the
ascending hot gas, softening and melting of the
iron bearing solids takes place in the so called
cohesive zone.
Zones in a blast furnace

ACTIVE COKE ZONE

It is a loose mass coke zone from where it


directly feeds the coke to the tuyere,
where the coke burns. This loose mass
coke zone is called active coke zone.
Zones in a blast furnace

TUYERE ZONE

The combustion zone is in the form of pear


shaped area called raceway in which the hot
gases rotates at high speed carrying a small
amount of burning coke in
suspension.

Raceway is a vital part of the blast furnace since


it is the heat source in a gigantic reactor and at
the same time a source of reducing gas.
Zones in a blast furnace

HEARTH ZONE

Slag and metal of desired composition


accumulate in the hearth, from where they are
periodically tapped.

Here Slag and metal is differentiated because of


difference in its density.
REFRACTORIES & COOLING SYSTEM
IN BLAST FURNACE
Refractory. lining of blast furnace
A modern blast furnace (BF) is refractory lined to protect the furnace shell from the high temperatures and abrasive
materials inside the furnace. The refractory lining is cooled to further enhance the protection against the dispatch of
excess heat that can destroy the refractory lining. BF has a complex refractory system to provide a long, safe life that
is necessary for the blast furnace availability and for permitting nearly continuous furnace operation and casting.

Stack
The stack bricks are particularly exposed to high abrasion and
erosion by charge material from top as well as high velocity fume
and dust particles going out due to high blast pressure in a CO
(carbon mono oxide) environment. Hence, the application condition
demands refractory materials which must have high strength, low
permeability, high abrasion resistance and resistance to CO
disintegration. Super duty clay refractory brick or dense alumina
brick having Al2O3 around 39 % – 42 % can impart these
characteristics required for stack application.
Tuyeres are made of copper and half portion inserted inside the
furnace. Hot air is blown through these tuyeres.

Plate cooling is used to cool the refractory otherwise refractories


will get damage after the attack of Carbon monoxide and alkali.
COPPER COOLING PLATES
Zones in a blast furnace

DEADMAN ZONE

Below the active coke zone, the dead man coke


zone is formed. This is a densely packed bed of
coke which does not take part in combustion.

But its carbon is consumed by metalloid reaction


and carburization of iron which means carbon
dissolves into the metal. By carburization and
metalloid reaction carbon of coke is consumed
and ash is removed in the
form of slag.

It supports the whole burden.


THANKS

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