INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT

SENIOR SECTION
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
CLASS XII
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
CONTENT BASED EXPERIMENTS

Experiment Number: 11 Date: -----------

ANALYSIS OF FOOD
Aim: To identify the given samples as Protein and Carbohydrate.

OBSERVATION FOR SAMPLE A & B

EXPERIMENT INFERENCE
A B
Treat the given sample solutions with
Purple colouration No characteristic observation Sample A is protein
few drops of Biuret solution .
Acidify dilute solution of samples with
Yellow precipitate. Sample A is protein
con. HNO3 acid No characteristic observation
Treat dilute solution of samples with White precipitate turns red on
Sample A is protein
few drops of Millon’s reagent heating. No characteristic observation
Mix 1ml of the given samples with 2ml
of Fehling’s solution (1 ml each of A & No characteristic observation A reddish brown precipitate is Sample B is carbohydrate
B) and heat on a water bath. formed.
Mix 1ml of the given samples with 1ml
of Tollen’s reagent* and heat on a No characteristic observation A silver mirror is formed on the inner Sample B is carbohydrate
water bath. walls of the test tube

* Preparation of Tollen’s Reagent: Wash a test tube with a little NaOH solution and take about 1 ml of Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution. A black precipitate
formed is just dissolves in minimum quantity of NH4OH solution (Add drop wise carefully).

Result: The given sample A is Protein and sample B is --------------

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 INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT
SENIOR SECTION
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
CLASS XII
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
CONTENT BASED EXPERIMENTS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Experiment Number: 12 Date: ----------------

ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given sample of organic compound.

Experiment Observation Inference

TESTS FOR ALDEHYDES (-CHO group) ( Use acetaldehyde)
1. Mix 1ml of the given sample with 2ml of Fehling’s solution (A + B) and
A reddish brown precipitate is formed. Presence of –CHO group.
heat on a water bath.
2. Mix 1ml of the given sample with 1ml of Tollen’s reagent and heat on a A silver mirror is formed on the inner walls of the Presence of –CHO group
water bath. test tube. is confirmed.

TESTS FOR CARBOXYLIC ACID (-COOH) GROUP (Use acetic acid)

1. Brisk effervescence of a colourless odourless gas, Presence of carboxylic
Add a little of a saturated solution of NaHCO3 to the given sample.
which turns clear limewater milky. acid group.
2. Mix 1ml of the given sample with 1 ml of ethanol and 1 drop of con. H2SO4
acid. Heat the mixture on a boiling water bath for about 5 minutes. Remove Presence of carboxylic
A pleasant fruity smell of ester is evolved.
the test tube from the water bath, pour the contents into a beaker containing acid is confirmed.
about 25ml water (tap water) and note the smell.

TESTS FOR AMINO (-NH2) GROUP (Use aniline)

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1. Shake 2 drops of the given organic compound with 2 ml of dil. HCl. The compound dissolves. Presence of –NH2 group.
Take 1 ml each of the given organic sample, con.HCl, NaNO2(aq) and
2. Alkaline -naphthol solution in four different test tubes. Cool them below
50C in an ice bath. Mix them in the following order (Stir with a glass rod Presence of –NH2 group is
A red orange coloured dye (Precipitate) is obtained.
after each addition). First HCl + NaNO2 followed by Aniline and finally - confirmed.
naphthol and stir for 5 minutes without removing the reaction test tube
from ice bath.

TESTS FOR PHENOLIC ( – OH ) GROUP (Use Phenol)

1. Treat the samples with neutral Ferric chloride solution (Add 10 ml of water) Violet colouration Presence of Phenol
2. Phthalic Test: - Take 2-3 flakes of phthalic anhydride and 1ml of the
sample in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops of con. H2SO4 and heat on boiling
Pink colouration develops Presence of Phenol
water bath for about 2-3 minutes and pour the contents into dil.NaOH
solution taken a beaker.

Result
The given organic compound contains the functional group --------------- ( )
***************

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