5.

PART
PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
PROGRAMMING METHOD :
There are Two Methods to
Describe the Path of
1) Absolute Programming Method (USE Gg0). Motion in CNC Machine:
2) Incremental
Programming Method (USE G91).
In Absolute Programming Method. One End Point on the
Work Picce is takcn as a Rcference or Zero Point &Ail other
Dimension are Represented with Respect to that Point.
In incremental Programming Method, the Next Point Dimension in Each Block is Refereed with Respect to the Finai
Pointon the Previous Block.

CODE PARAMETERS :
N The Block Number - This Code is Used to Seguence &Identifv a Block of Data in a Part Program. Selectable
Number areo TO g9999.
G
Preparatory Command. Gcodes are used to initiate Control Command, Positioning or Contouring Modes of Operation
&Machining Cycle.
T: Tool No. Code.
X : Command for X-axis (In Absolute System).
Z: Command for Z-axis (In Absolute System).
I: Sub Parameter Distance in X Direction.
K: Sub Parameter Distance in Z Direction.
M: Misc. Code.
F: Feed Rate for Axis Movement The Feed Rate is Programmed in mm/min or inch/min. For Threading Cycle F
determines the Pitch ofThreading.
S Function is Used for Only Spindle Speed
Selection.B: Starting Block Number of Subroutine.
C: EndBlock Number of Subroutine.

Sinwave Engineerg Prt. Itd. CNC Lathe Trainer Manual.

6. PART PROGRAMMING CODES (G-Codes & M-COdes)
lbdusting Codes that are Available with this Machige are Accordng to the Latest ISO0 Standards and Adopted by the
hdustral CNC Controller Manufacturers Wariduide EollosingCMETS Commands are Included in thisControner
G-Codes
Goo RAPID TOOL
MOVEMEN
(XE,Z)
eS Used to Move the Toul from Current Position o Progranmed Position Xf, Zf in RAPID Movement. Rapid Feed
Rate is Constant _o mm/min.
Got LINEAR INTERPOLATION
(XEZE )
1nis Code is used to Move the Tool from Current Position to Programmed Position Xf., Zf &Feed Rate F. Tool will Travel
Shortest Path Uptu Final Positivn.
Go2 CLOCKWISECIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
(Xf, ZÍ, , K. F)
(Xf, ZE. R,F)
This Code is used for the Tool Movement along a Circular Path in Clockwise Direction. ToolTravels Upto Xf, ZÍ at Feed
Rate F. The Centre Point of Are is Specified by the Direction and Distance Specified by I and K w.r.t. Starting Point(
Current Position). RCode can be used for Less than 90°Ares.
Gog ANTI-CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR NTERPOLATION
(Xf, Zf. L, K, F)
(Xf, Zf. R,F)
This Code is used for the Tool Movement along a Cireular Path in Anti Clockwise Direction Tool Travels Upto Xf, Zf at Feed
Rate F. The Centre Point of Areis Specified by the Direction and Distance Specified by I and K w.r.t. Starting Point (Current
Position ). RCode can be used for Less than g0°Arcs.
Go4 DWELL IN SECONDS
(F)
(S)
This Code Holds the Tool Movement for a Particular Time. The Time is Specified in Seconds by F Parameter. IfS Parameter is
given then Spindle will Stop for given Seconds along with Too! Movement. Use Either For S Parameter.
Go6 PARABOLIC INTERPOLATION
(W,I. F)
This Code is used for the Tool Movement along a Parabolic Path in Clockwise Direction. The Value W Indicates the Length of
Parabola in ZDirection. IIndicates +ve Constant 'a' in Parabola Equation, X2 =4aZ. Accordingly Xwill be Calculated.
Go- ELLIPTICALINTERPOLATION CW

(Xf. Z£, U, W, I. K, F)
This Code is used for the Tool Movement along an Elliptical Path in Clockwise Direction. The Values Iand KIndicates the
Distance of Center from Current Location. The Values Uand Ware Ellipse Diameters along Xand Z Direction.
GoS ELIPTICAL INTERPOLATION CCW
(Xf,Zf. U. W,I, K, F)
This Code is used for the Tool Movement along an Elliptical Path in AntiClockwise Direction. The Values I and K
Indicates thebistance of Center fromCurrent Location. The Values Uand |Ware Plipse D i . a Diretion

Sinewave Engineering Pvt. Ltd. 22 CNC Lathe Trainer Manual.

G22 stROUINE CALL
The Start lock
iogm.
This Códsusedfor Caling alarticular Part of Prograo, whehh mayRepeat Many Tines lhuongh 124
Coatrol Pases to tlie Next HoCk
t S inishing the Eyeeuliog . Subraual ine
eehd by L. After
Statement.
G29 STARTOFTDOLOOP
0.. )
GoINDOFDOOOP
ot Provrm oreiveu Nunber of 'asses Specdied
in IWor. G29 1S
ADOVe Codes are used for Repcaling a Particular Part No of Passes,
End o L00D, After Repcatiny the Loop lor given
Opeenietat the Start of Loop and Gg0 is Reauired at the
Control Continues to the Next BlockafterG3o Block.
G32 THREADCUTTING
(XE, ZE, U,1, P)
Represent Pitch. IfU Value is
where 1Represent the Depth of Cut and P
Thìs Codte is used for Threading Operation, Start and End Diamete
Specifiedthen'Taper Threading is Pertormed, where URepresents Dilference in
G70 INCH PROGRAMMING
will Change to INCHH Units Mode. ProgramInput and Output will
After Execution of G7oCode NMachine Co-ordinate System
be in INCH Mode.
G7 METRICPROGRANMMING (DEFAULT)
Change to METRIC Units Mode. Program Input and Output
After Execution of G71 Code Machine Co-ordinate System wvill
willbe in METRIC Mode.
G7 CNNEDCYCLEFORTURNING

(XE, ZÍ. U.I,F) then

Here I Represent the Depth of Cut. If UValue is Specified
This Code is used for Multiple Cuts of Turning Operation.
Start and End Diameter.
Taper Turning is Performed,where URepresents the Difference in
G81 PECK DRILLING CYCLE

(.Zr. k.)
Represent the Depth of Cut. For Every K Depth, the Tool
This Code is used for Multiple Cuts of Drilling Operation. Here K
willCome Out to Start Point andthen Start Drilling for Next Depth.
G85 BORING CYCLE
(XS. ZI. U,J, F)
Represent the Depth of Cut. If U Value Specified then
This Code is used for Multiple Cuts of Boring Operation. Here I
and End Diameter.
Taper Boring is Performed, where URepresents the Difference in Start
Gyo ABSOLUTEPROGRAMMING MODE (DEFAULT)
w.r.t. the Absolute Zero Point i.e. Xo.0oo.
This Code Sets the ABSOLUTE Programming Mode. In this Mode Tool will Move
Zo.000

Gyi INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING MODE

Relative Distance in
This Code Sets INCREMENTAL (RELATIVE )Programnming Mude. In this Mode Tool will Move the
Positive or Negative Direction Specified lbv Xand Z. This Mode is Applicable for G00, GoL.Go2 and Go; onlv.
G93 PARTING/GROOVINGCYCLE
(Nf, Z. I. )
This Code is used for Multiple Cuts of Parting/Grooving. lere IRepresent the Depth of Cut. For everv I Depth, the Tool will
Come Outto Start Point and then Star Cutting for Next Depth.

Sinewave Engineering Pvt. Ltd. 23 CNCLathe Trainer Manual.

G94 CANNTDOCLEFOREACIN:
(Xf, ZE,t, K.F)
This (ode is used tor Multiple Cuts of Facing Oeration lere K Represent the Deptho! Ct. v
Speihethen Taper Facing is Performed, where WRepresents the Difcrence in Start and Ead 2Co ordiuates.
(S)

Ihs Code is used to Enable Constant Surface Spced The Rale nt which Spindle Rotates will Chang Depending upm
CurrentX Co-ordinate Valuc. SSpecifies Surface Spced in m/min and the Range is t to 40.
Gy- CONSTANT SUREACE SPEED IISABLE
ThisCode Disables the Constant Sturlace Specd Mode if EnabBed Previously by Gg6 Command
M.CODES
Mo10PTIONALSTOP
This Code is used for Optionally Stopping the Further Execution of Part Program.
Mo2 PROGRAM END
This Code is used for Stoppine the Further Execution of Part Procram After Stopping Prouram will Pocot or Rewind
Mo3 SPINDLEMOTORON (FORWARD/CW)
This Code Rotates the Spindle Motor in Forward Direction.
Mo5 SPINDLE MOTOR OF
This Code Stops the Rotating Spindle Motor.
Mo8COOLENTPUMP ON
This Code Starts the Coolant Pump.
Mog COOLENT PUMP OF
This Code Stops the Coolant Pump.
M10CHUCKCILAMP
This Code Closes (Clamps)the Chuck if Available.
MiuCHUCK DECLAMP
This Code Opens (Declan1ps)the Chuck if Available.
M3o PROGRAMM END
This Code is used for Stopping the Further Bxecution of Part Program. After Stopping Program will get Reset or Rewind.
M4iHIGH GEAR MODESPINDLE MOTOR ON (FORWARD/CW)
This Code Rotates the Spindle Motor in Forward Direction with High Gearing for Threading Operation.
M46TO0LINDEX
(M46 T.. 0..))
This Miscellaneous Code is used for Indexing to New Tool. If the Turret is Installed then it will Index, Otherwise Manual
ToolChange Cycle is Executed. "O" Word is Optional and Default OffsetTable Nu. is 1.
M98 SUBROUTINE START
This Code Indicates the Start of Subroutine.
My9SUBROUTLNE END
This Cude Indcates the End of Subroutine.

Sinewave Enyineering Pvt. Ltd. 22 CNC Latthe Trainer Manual.