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2.2 Motion Graphs-1

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23 views17 pages

2.2 Motion Graphs-1

Uploaded by

Juman Lily
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

2 Motion graphs
Objectives:
-To interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs.
-To know how to calculate speed, acceleration, and distance
travelled from such graphs
Distance-time graphs
● A distance-time graph shows how the distance of an object moving in a straight line (from a
starting position) varies over time:

Constant Speed on a Distance-Time


Graph

Distance-time graphs also show the following


information:
- If the object is moving at a constant speed
- How large or small the speed is

A straight line represents constant speed


Distance-time graphs

The slope of the straight line


represents the magnitude of the
speed:
- A very steep slope means the
object is moving at a large speed
- A shallow slope means the object
is moving at a small speed
- A flat, horizontal line means the
object is stationary (not moving)

This graph shows how the slope of a line is used to interpret


the speed of moving objects. Both of these objects are
moving with a constant speed, because the lines are straight.
Distance-time graph
• Changing Speed on a Distance-Time Graph
Objects might be moving at a changing speed, this is represented by a curve
In this case, the slope of the line will be changing
If the slope is increasing, the speed is increasing (accelerating)
If the slope is decreasing, the speed is decreasing (decelerating)
The image below shows two different objects moving with changing speeds
Using Distance-Time Graphs
The speed of a moving object can be calculated from the gradient of the line on a distance-
time graph:
𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 =
 The speed of an object 𝒓𝒖𝒏
can be found by
calculating the
gradient of a distance-
time graph
The rise is the change in y
(distance) values
The run is the change in x
(time) values
Examples
A distance-time graph is drawn below for part of a train journey. The train is travelling at a
constant speed. Calculate the speed of the train.
Example 2
Ose decides to take a stroll to the park. He finds
a bench in a quiet spot and takes a seat, picking
up where he left off reading his book on Black
Holes. After some time reading, Ose realises he
lost track of time and runs home.
A distance-time graph for his trip is drawn
below.
a)How long does Ose spend reading his
book?

b)There are three sections labelled on


the graph, A, B and C. Which section
represents Ose running home?

c)What is the total distance travelled by


Ose?
Speed-time graphs
A speed-time graph shows how the speed of a moving object varies with time
The red line represents an object with increasing speed
The green line represents an object with decreasing speed
Acceleration on a Speed-Time Graph

Speed-time graphs also show the following information:


If the object is moving with a constant acceleration or deceleration
• The magnitude of the acceleration or deceleration
• A straight line represents constant acceleration
• The slope of the line represents the magnitude of acceleration
• A steep slope means large acceleration (or deceleration) - i.e. the object's speed changes
very quickly
• A gentle slope means small acceleration (or deceleration) - i.e. the object's speed changes
very gradually
• A flat line means the acceleration is zero - i.e. the object is moving with a constant speed
Acceleration on a Speed-Time Graph
Using Speed-Time Graphs
Using Speed-Time Graphs
The distance travelled by an object can be found by determining the area beneath the graph

If the area beneath the graph


forms a triangle (the object is
accelerating or decelerating)
then the area can be determined
using the formula:

If the area beneath the graph is


a rectangle (constant velocity)
then the area can be determined
using the formula:
Examples
Examples
Solve the questions p.31 on your
1 notebook
The distance-time graph above is for a motor
cycle travelling along a straight road.
a What is the motor cycle doing between
points D and E on the graph?

b Between which points is it accelerating?

c Between which points is its speed steady?

d What is this steady speed?

e What is the distance travelled between A


and D?

f What is the average speed between A and


D?
The speed-time graph above is for another motor cycle
travelling along the same road.
a What is the motor cycle's maximum speed?
2
b What is the acceleration during the first 10s?

c What is its deceleration during the last 5s?

d What distance is travelled during the first 10s?

e What is the total distance travelled?

f What is the time taken for the whole journey?

g What is the average speed for the whole journey?

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