Interview Q&A

Key Interview Questions.

1. Self-Introduction.
2. Previous experience as HSE - Duties and responsibilities in the previous
organization as HSE based on CV. Major critical activities dealt with.
3. HSE Management system
4. HSE Plan / Procedure / Standards
5. Hazardous Zone Classification and requirements
 Based on Flammability (Zone-0, 1, 2)
 Based on Toxicity / H2S Zone classification (Red/Amber/Yellow)
6. Vehicle / Internal Combustion engine entry requirements to Zone – 2.
7. EEBA – Specifications (Duration / Pressure etc.)
8. Scenario based question to identify how the candidate will handle the practical
issues on the site. E.g. Management does not support on corrective action of any
unsafe practice.
9. Incident notification, reporting & investigation procedure.
10. Varies types of incident investigations.
11. Requirements of a medical nurse in ADNOC projects.
12. Risk assessment - How risk assessments are performed, risk assessment steps.
13. FRA / JSA
14. LIMS – Lifting Integrity Management System (Types of lifting / LAP – Lifting
appointed person, LOP – Lifting Operation Plan / Lifting Plan).
15. Scaffolding work hazard inside process area.
16. What will you do if H2S leak / Fire emergency at site.
17. Hot Work
18. Confined Space
19. Lifting
20. Hydrotest
21. Welfare Management
22. Isolation – Types of Isolation
23. Inherent risk / Residual Risk / Dynamic Risk Assessment, ADNOC Risk matrix.
24. ADNOC assurance program elements.
25. Leading indicators and lagging indicators.
26. Sub elements of Leadership and workers participation.
27. How do you handle pressure from management.
28. Emergency response procedures.
 Explained.

1. Onshore and Offshore differences

Location and Environment
 Onshore: Located on land, easier to access, less challenging conditions.
 Offshore: Located in oceans (Remote), face extreme conditions
Infrastructure and Design:
 Onshore: Larger, spread-out facilities like refineries and storage tanks, easier
maintenance.
 Offshore: Compact platforms, subsea pipelines, require rugged design for
marine conditions.
Accessibility:
 Onshore: Easily accessible by roads, vehicles, and emergency services.
 Offshore: Accessible only by helicopter or boat, challenging logistics and
emergency response.
Cost and Logistics:
 Onshore: Cheaper to build and maintain due to simpler logistics.
 Offshore: More expensive due to complex engineering and difficult
transportation.
Weather Conditions:
 Onshore: Generally, more predictable but can be affected by floods, storms, or
earthquakes.
 Offshore: Severe weather like hurricanes and high waves can disrupt
operations.
Workforce Conditions:
 Onshore: Normal shifts with easier commuting.
 Offshore: Long shifts 12 Hours.
2. Oil and Gas Industry Major Hazards
 Fire and Explosions
 Blowouts
 Hydrocarbon Leaks and Spills
 Toxic Gas Exposure
 Confined Space Hazards
 Equipment Failures
 Marine and Weather Hazards (Offshore)
 Transportation Hazards
 Ergonomic and Physical Hazards
 Environmental Impact
 Noise and Vibration Hazards
3. Zone Classification – Based on Toxic atmosphere and Flammable atmosphere.
Toxic Atmosphere / H2S Zone Classification
 RED ZONE
 A Red Zone is considered to exist if there is high risk of H2S release which could
be rapidly lethal. It is considered the limit at which personnel carrying an EEBA
will have no time to don the mask before being overcome. Red Zone is in
principle part of the Amber Zone where the toxic risk lies in High-Risk region as
per ADNOC Risk Matrix. Should use SCBA before entering.
 AMBER ZONE
An Amber Zone is considered to exist outside the Red Zone where there is a
tolerable risk of H2S release which could be rapidly lethal. In this zone, personnel
carrying an EEBA or keeping it at hand’s reach are considered to have time to
don the mask before being overcome.
 YELLOW ZONE
A Yellow Zone is considered to exist outside Amber Zone if there is a possibility
of H2S release which could be lethal if present for prolonged period. In this zone,
personnel are considered to have time to reach strategic locations of EEBA to don
the mask before being overcome.
 GREEN ZONE
4. What is H2S?
 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is a poisonous and corrosive gas that can
destroy life even in very low concentrations.
 Hydrogen sulphide gas is referred to in industry by a variety of names:
Hydrogen Sulphide, Stink Damp, Sulphurated Hydrogen, Sour Gas,
Rotten-Egg Gas, Hydrosulphuric Acid, and Sulphur Hydride.

5. What are the physical characteristics of H2S?

The main physical characteristics of hydrogen sulphide are as listed:

 highly toxic, poisonous gas,
 colorless,
 soluble in water
 characteristic and distinctive odour of rotten eggs from 0.1 ppm up to 100 ppm
(0.01%), causes loss of sense of smell at relatively low concentrations,
 explosive range by volume in the air: 4.3% - 46%,
 auto-ignition temperature of 260 0C (500 0F),
 vapour density 1.2 times heavier than air,
 burns with a blue flame producing sulphur dioxide - another toxic gas,
 highly corrosive to certain metals.
6. What are the risks associated with the exposure amounts of H2S?

The risks depend on the amount of exposure to H2S:

 0.13 ppm : Little smell;
 5 ppm : Easily detected, moderate odour
 10 ppm : Beginning of eye irritation (tolerance level)
 100 ppm (0.01%): Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell after 2 -
5minutes;
  200 - 300 ppm (0.02 - 0.03%): Marked eye inflammation and respiratory tract
irritation after one hour exposure;
 500 - 700 ppm (0.05 - 0.07%): Loss of consciousness and possibly death in 30
minutes to one hour;
 700 - 1000 ppm (0.07 - 0.1%): Rapid unconsciousness, stopping of pulse or
respiration, and death;
 1000 - 2000 ppm (0.1 - 0.2%): Immediate unconsciousness, with early cessation
of respiration and probably death in a few minutes. Death may still occur even if
the individual is removed to fresh air at once.
7. Give a few emergency evacuation procedures associated with H2S leakage.

The emergency procedures associated with H2S:

 A wailing sound should be started and should continue for 2 mins
 Evacuation process should be activated
 ERT should be informed
 Everyone should be evacuated to the assembly point in the cross wind direction
after locating the wind direction with the help of wind cloth.
 In case of severe H2S leak, third party Rescue teams should be notified
 Medical teams should be notified about the seriously affected people and organize
a MEDEVAC.

8. What is excavation?
It is a man-made cut, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth
removal.

9. What are the hazards associated with excavation?

The hazards are:

 Collapsing of excavation wall/ cave-in.
 Underground utilities
 Falling of removed spoil.
 Falling of tools or equipment.
 Surface or ground water
 Nearby structures and their conditions
 Falling of vehicles
 Improper access and egress
 Overhead lines
10. Give some precautions to be taken before , during and after excavation.
Before
 Underground utilities should be recognized before excavation process by using
any one of the different methods. (Cable detectors, Plans or drawings of the
underground cables, markers or milestones or by trial pit method)
 Task risk analysis should be done
 Permit to work should be taken
 Method of statements should be approved by the client
 ERT should be provided

During
  Excavation wall collapse should be avoided by battering the sides using shoring,
benching or sloping methods.
 Excavated spoil, plant or materials should not be stored close to the sides of
excavations as loose material can fall in. The extra loading can make the sides of
the excavation more likely to collapse.
 Provide safe access in and out of the excavation
 Avoid falling of tools into the excavation

After

 Prevent people from falling into excavations by substantial barriers around the
edges. This must be done if the depth exceeds 2 m but is recommended for
excavations of lesser depths.
 Precautions should be taken against flooding by installing efficient means of
pumping out the excavations ensuring that the outflow from the pump does not
cause flooding problems elsewhere.
 Prevent vehicles from falling into excavations. Barricades or blocks can be
provided for this purpose and should be painted to be easily visible. If vehicles
have to tip materials into excavations then they should be prevented from over-
running into the excavation by using stop blocks.

11. What is Fire Triangle?

The fire triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite or cause fire.

12. What are the elements of the fire triangle?

The elements of the fire triangle are:

 Heat
 Fuel
 An oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).

13. What is the basic way of extinguishing a fire?

The basic way of way of extinguishing fire is by removing any one of the elements
from the fire triangle.

14. What is lifting plan?

A written plan should be developed by a person with significant and specific

competencies (adequate training, knowledge, skills and expertise) suitable for the
level of the task.

15. What are the contents of a lifting plan?

The contents of lifting plan are:

 Formal Risk Assesment

 Permit to work(WMS)
  Third party fitness certificate of a crane
 Registration certificate of a crane
 Operators valid license
 Third party certificate of the rigger
 Load chart of the crane
 The location where lifting is to take place
 The Safe working load of the crane.
 The weight of the load to be lifted
 The Wind speed of the area in which lifting is to take place.
 The underground and overhead utilities present in the area.
 Nearby structures in the area.

16. Hierarchy of hazard control.

 Elimination of the hazard

 Reduce or substitute the hazard
 Isolation of people from hazard or hazard from people
 Control exposure using engineering procedures
 Personnel Protective Equipment
 Disciplinary Actions (Trainings, supervisions, enforcement)

17. What is task risk analysis?

Task Risk assessment is the process where you:

 Identify hazards.
 Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard.
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.

In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify

those things, situations, processes, etc that may cause harm, particularly to people. After
identification is made, you evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, and then decides
what measures should be in place to effectively prevent or control the harm from
happening.
18. What is the importance of task risk assessment?
Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of a good
occupational health and safety management plan. They help to:

 Identify the hazards.

 Identify the people who might be harmed and how.
 Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.
 Record the findings and implement them
 Review your risk assessment and update if necessary.

During a task risk analysis the potential risk of a certain job is high even with the present
control measure. After recommending and providing new control measures the risk for
that job is till high.
19. The potential risk for a job in TRA was found as high. What should be done in order
to reduce the risk?

The TRA for the job will be approved only after the risk is reduced to low. In order to
reduce the risk
 The materials used for the job can be changed i.e. provide high quality materials;
 Provide information and instructions on the jobs done in the site;
 Provide training and supervision for the working staff
 More competent worker can be used;
 Appropriate PPE of high quality can be provided to the working person;
 The site should be provided with barricades and other safety methods to create a
safe place of work;

20. Draw and show the parts of TRA.

21. What is Work at height?

Work where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury. High risk work at
height works (eg. scaffolding) requires Permit to work, TRA and work method of
statement (WMS).

22. What are the hazards of work at height?

Hazards:
 Vertical Distance
 Roofs
 Deterioration of materials
 Unprotected edges
 Unstable/poorly maintained access equipment
  Weather
 Falling materials

23. What are the precautions regarding wok at height?

Precautions:
 Guard rails
 Toe boards
 Work platforms
 Suspended access equipment
 Full body harness and other PPE

24. Define Permit to Work

PTW system is a formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe system
of work, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after
particularly high-risk work. This is to ensure the correct safety precautions are in place
before, during and after the work and all the people who need to know about the work
do actually know about it.

25. Name some of the works that require PTW?

All high risk works require PTW. Some of them are:

 Hot Work
 Work on high voltage electrical systems
 Confined space entry
 Work on operational pipelines
 Excavating near buried services
 Maintenance work on large, complex machinery
 Work at height
 Radiography

26. Name the parts of the PTW

Parts of PTW
 Issue
 Receipt
 Clearance/return to service
 Cancellation
 Extension (If required)

27. What do you mean by hot work?

Works where mostly naked flames are used (eg. Propane, butane etc.) or where a
significant ignition source will be created (eg. Welding or grinding operations). This is
a work that requires PTW

28. What are the risks associated with the hot work?
 The risks associated are:
 Burns
 Cuts
 Fire
 Explosion
 Injuries and fatalities to people and property

29. What are the precautions taken in case of hot work?

Precautions:
 Flammable materials should be removed from the area
 Items that cannot be removed are covered with fire blankets.
 Floor is swept clean
 Wooden floor is damped down
 A suitable fire extinguisher is at hand
 A fire watcher is present in the area

30. What is scaffolding?

Scaffolding is defined as a temporary structure which provides access, or from which

persons work, or which is used to support materials, plant or equipment.

31. Name the parts of a scaffold

The parts of a scaffold are

 Base plate
 Sole board
 Standards
 Ledgers
 Transoms
 Braces
 Couplers
o Right angle coupler
o Putlog or single coupler
o Swivel coupler
o Ladder retaining coupler
 Working platform
 Toe board
 Guard rails
 Mid rail
 Ladder

32. What are the hazards present in case of scaffolding?

Hazards present in case of scaffolds

 Falls from elevation
 Struck by Electrocution
  Scaffold collapse
 Bad planking
 Falling of materials
 Falling of tools
 Loose soil
 Excavations near the scaffold
 Incompetent scaffolder

33. Provide the precautions to be taken in case of scaffolding.

The precautions are:

 Protection from falls
o Guard rails
 Top rails
 Mid rails
 Toe boards
o Personal Fall arrest systems
 Anchorage
 Lifeline
 Body Harness

34. Describe briefly the scafftag system.

The Status Scafftag (GREEN, YELLOW and RED) contains the following data:
 Date of erection, with name of competent scaffolder/initials of the Forman
Scaffolder
 Maximum loading in kN/m2 or in kg/m2, (see the table below for different types
of scaffold and typical loads);
 Date of periodic inspection, with name/initials of Qualified Inspector.

35. Name the parts of MSDS

A) CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

B) COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
C) HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
D) FIRST AID MEASURES
E) FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
F) ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
G) HANDLING AND STORAGE
H) EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION
I) PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
J) STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
K) TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
L) ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
M) DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
N) TRANSPORT INFORMATION
O) REGULATORY INFORMATION
 P) OTHER INFORMATION

36. What is a HSE Policy?

A health and safety policy is a written statement by an employer stating the company's
commitment for the protection of the health and safety of employees and to the public.
It is an endorsed commitment by management to its employees regarding their health
and safety.

37. What are the elements of an HSE management system?

The 8 elements of HSE- MS

 Leadership, Commitments and Accountability

 Policy and strategic objectives
 Organization sources and competence
 Risk evaluation and management
 Planning standards and procedures
 Implementation and monitoring
 Audit
 Management Review

38. What do you mean by confined space?

A confined space is an enclosed or partially enclosed area that is big enough for a
worker to enter. It is not designed for someone to work in regularly, but workers may
need to enter the confined space for tasks such as inspection, cleaning, maintenance,
and repair. A small opening or a layout with obstructions can make entry and exit
difficult and can complicate rescue procedures.

39. What are the hazards related to confined space?

The hazards are:

 Presence of hazardous and toxic gases

 Poor illumination
 Poor access and egress
 Presence of unknown utilities which can cause fatalities(e.g. electric lines)
 Poor visibility
 Extreme temperatures
 Slip, trip and fall hazards
 Loose and unstable materials
  Moving parts of equipment and machinery
 Noise

40. What are the precautions to be considered in case confined space work?

The precautions to be considered:

 Task risk analysis

 Gas test certificates
 Confined space entry authorized papers
 Permit to Work
 Trained, approved and competent workers;
 Special equipment and procedures, including personal protective equipment
and alarm systems.
 Do not use DC for illumination purposes. Use battery sources
 Communication procedures and equipment to maintain contact during entry.
 Safe watcher/standby person should be provided to avoid entry of unauthorized
persons

41. What are precautions that should be taken during concrete pouring?

The precautions are:

 High temperatures accelerate the hardening of concrete and more water is

generally required to maintain workable consistencies
 If the water content of concrete is increased without increasing the cement
content, the strength and other properties of concrete are adversely affected.
 Curing concrete requires that it be kept damp so that hydration can be
completed, therefore, it cannot be allowed to dry too rapidly
 Keeping equipment such as mixers, chutes, wheelbarrows, etc. in the shade or
covered with wet burlap will reduce the effect of the sun's heat.
 Forms, reinforcing steel, and subgrade should be sprinkled with cool water just
before the concrete is placed.
 Wetting down the area cools the surrounding air and increases the relative
humidity. This not only reduces the temperature but also minimizes the
evaporation of water from the concrete
 Cooling the water and aggregates is probably the most practical method of
controlling concrete temperatures in hot weather
 Cool water should be used when cement mixing, and if water must be stored, it
should be stored where it is not in the direct rays of the sun
 All working personnel should wear all PPE (e.g. hard hats, rubber gloves, full
cover goggles for eyes)
 The workers should be trained in manual handling postures and the lifting
capacities according to their physique.

42. How can we identify the scaffolding according to its duty (light duty, medium duty,
and heavy duty)?
 We can identify the scaffolds by:
 Checking the size of the planks used for working platform
 Checking the size of the standards used to make the scaffold
 By measuring the bay length

43. How do you implement the HSE plan?

The HSE plan can be implemented using the methods:

 Plan-
o It involves designing, developing and implementing suitable and
proportionate management arrangements, risk control systems and
workplace precautions
o operating and maintaining the system while also seeking improvement
where needed
o linking it to how you manage other aspects of the organization
 Do-
o Assess the risks, identify what could cause harm in the workplace, who
it could harm and how, and what you will do to manage the risk
o Decide what the priorities are and identify the biggest risks, involve
workers and communicate, so that everyone is clear on what is needed
and can discuss issues - develop positive attitudes and behaviors
o Provide adequate resources, including competent advice where needed
o Decide on the preventive and protective measures needed and put them
in place.
o Provide the right tools and equipment to do the job and keep them
maintained.
o Train and instruct, to ensure everyone is competent to carry out their
work. Supervise to make sure that arrangements are followed.

 Check-
o Make sure that your plans have been implemented - ‘paperwork’ on its
own is not a good performance measure
o Assess how well the risks are being controlled and if you are achieving
your aims. In some circumstances formal audits may be useful
o Investigate the causes of accidents, incidents or near misses

 Act-
o Learn from accidents and incidents, ill-health data, errors and relevant
experience, including from other organizations
o Revisit plans, policy documents and risk assessments to see if they need
updating
o Include audit and inspection reports.
 44. What are the duties of an HSE officer?

The duties of an HSE officer are:

 Implementation and monitoring safety aspects on both client and company safety
procedures
 Providing advice to the project team on HSE issues
 Undertaking a weekly inspection and prepare a quantitative report to project
management.
 Maintain and implement the site HSE plan, firefighting plan, emergency
evacuation plan
 Assisting main contractor in undertaking risk assessment and identifying safe
system of work.
 Monitoring Tool box talks/ safety talks on regular basis and ensure that they are
being conducted in professional and capable manner.
 Delivering worker induction and ensuring that all workers receive and induction
prior to start to work.
 Investigating for all accident/near miss/spills/fires/ to find the root cause and
recommend corrective action
 Reporting senior management on any serious safety breaches that place workers
in threatening situation
 Developing procedures for high risk activities and briefing management on their
responsibilities under those procedures
 Follow-up on work permit system and inspections, planning safety arrangement
for erection works.
 Replies to all inspection notices and reports to project manager.
 Provide weekly and monthly reports to project manager
 Auditing all procedures regularly and reporting all non-compliance to project
manager
 Accompanying client HSE inspectors for field inspections on HSE issues
 Ensure all the lifting equipment, tools and tackles are inspected and checked
 Ensuring wearing of PPE’s by all workers and staffs
 Assisting in controlling the areas where critical task are being undertaken
 Periodic inspection/auditing of safety equipment

45. Define PPE

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or
other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body
from injury/infection.
46. Which are the different types of PPE?
The different types of PPE are:
 Eye and Face Protection.
 Safety Glasses.
 Goggles.
 Face Shields.
 Eye Protection for Intense Light Sources.
 Hand Protection.
  Body Protection.
 Occupation Foot Protection.

47. Why is PPE important?

The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to

hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to
reduce these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present.
PPE has the serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at source and may
result in employees being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails.

48. Which is the most important PPE? Give reason

All PPE’s are equally important.

Any item of PPE imposes a barrier between the wearer/user and the working
environment. This can create additional strains on the wearer, impair their ability to
carry out their work and create significant levels of discomfort. Any of these can
discourage wearers from using PPE correctly, therefore placing them at risk of injury,
ill-health or, under extreme circumstances, death. Good ergonomic design can help to
minimize these barriers and can therefore help to ensure safe and healthy working
conditions through the correct use of PPE.

49. What are the daily, weekly and monthly agendas of an HSE officer?

Daily

 Tool box talk monitoring

 Welfare facilities (drinking water, rest areas)
 Checking use of PPE by staff
 Daily inspections
 PTW for high risk works

Weekly

 Internal Inspections
 Internal Inspection reports
 Statistical Reports
 Internal Trainings
 Committee meetings
 Incident reports
 Accident reports
 Near Miss reports
 Waste manifest
 Monthly

 Monthly Inspection Reports

 Monthly Internal Audits
 Internal Trainings
 External trainings
 Monthly Statistical Reports
 Incident reports
 Accident Reports
 Near miss reports
 Waste management Records
 Health checkup for employees

50. Which are the different types of Harnesses used?

 Body belts (single or double D-ring) are designed to restrain a person in a

hazardous work position to prevent fall or to arrest a fall completely within 3
foot of movement
 Chest harnesses are used when there are only limited fall hazards (no vertical
free fall hazard), or for retrieving persons such as removal of persons from a
tank or a bin.
 Full body harnesses are designed to arrest the most severe free falls.
 Suspension belts are independent work supports used to suspend a worker, such
as boatswain's chairs or raising or lowering harnesses

51. What is Lock out/ tag out?

Lockout is the isolation of energy from the system (a machine, equipment, or process)
which physically locks the system in a safe mode. The energy-isolating device can be a
manually operated disconnect switch, a circuit breaker, a line valve, or a block (Note:
push buttons, selection switches and other circuit control switches are not considered
energy-isolating devices). In most cases, these devices will have loops or tabs which can
be locked to a stationary item in a safe position (de-energized position). The locking
device (or lockout device) can be any device that has the ability to secure the energy-
isolating device in a safe position.
Tag out is a labeling process that is always used when lockout is required. The process
of tagging out a system involves attaching or using an indicator (usually a standardized
label) that includes the following information:

 Why the lockout/tag out is required (repair, maintenance, etc.).

 Time of application of the lock/tag.
 The name of the authorized person who attached the tag and lock to the system.
52. What do you mean by meggering?

The insulation resistance (IR) test (also commonly known as a Megger) is a spot
insulation test which uses an applied DC voltage to measure insulation resistance in
either kΩ, MΩ or GΩ.

53. What is the distance between the rungs of a ladder? What is the distance between 2
rails of a ladder?

The distance between the rungs of a ladder is from 0.25m to 0.3m. The distance
between the rails of the ladder is 0.3m.

54. What is the maximum height of a straight ladder, extension ladder, step ladder and
platform ladder?

 The maximum height of a straight ladder is 20 feet (6 m).

 The maximum height of extension ladder should not be longer than 36 feet (11m).
 Stepladders and platform ladders will not be longer than 12 feet (3.5 meters) as
determined by the front rail.

55. What do you mean by lifting?

A lifting operation is an operation concerned with the lifting and lowering of a load. A
load is the item or items being lifted which could include a person or people. A lifting
operation may be performed manually or using lifting equipment. Manual lifting,
holding, putting down, carrying or moving is often referred to as ‘manual handling of
loads’.
Lifting operations in construction occur during transportation of material from the
storage place to the place where it is being processed, and during the processing of
materials. A load includes any material or people that are lifted or lowered by lifting
equipment.

56. What are the hazards of lifting? Give some causes for the hazards.
The hazards: associated with the use of lifting equipment in construction are:

 Hazards related to the loads, e.g. crushing due to impact of moving objects or loads
falling from vehicles because they are not slinged properly or the wrong type of
slings were used
 Hazards from moving vehicles or collapsing structures [Safety | Workplace transport
| In house transport and handling], i.e. cranes falling over because of improper
fixation or strong wind, unsafe loads, loads exceeding the safe weight limits,
trapping/crushing risk in the use of MEWPs while working at height, falling from
height , limbs or bodies caught in machinery
 falling from lifting platforms or being crushed when the platform moves
 musculoskeletal hazards related to force exertions, poor working postures and/or
repetitive work
 hazards related to poor environment that may interfere with communication between
workers or concentration needed for the task (noise) or cause sweaty, slippery objects
(heat, poor ventilation)
 Contact with overhead electrical cables.

Causes

 poor mechanical design

 poor workplace design
 malfunction of the (manual, mechanical, electronic) signaling system
 not using the proper equipment for the purpose or misuse
 loads insecurely attached, poor maintenance (breaks or emits noxious gases) or
untidy workplace,
 Human error when operating machines or erecting scaffolding.