LISTENING SECTION

Questions 1-6: Complete the notes.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each

answer.

School Excursion

Day: Wednesday (Example)

Destination: 1 the Animal Park
Weather: 2……………. cold and cloudy
Arrival time: 3……………. 10.15 am
Activities Planned
See: 4……………. birds of prey
Eat: Catered lunch
Attend: 5……………. reptile display
Return time: 6……………. 6.30

Questions 7-10: Complete the table. Write ONE WORD ONLY for

each answer.

Nationality %

7……………. 26

8……………. 25
 9……………. 16

Indonesian 15

10……………. 8

Saudi 7

Other 3

Questions 11 – 15: Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

11 The company deals mostly with:

A Big cities.
B Nature holidays.
C Nepal.

12 The overseas consultants deal mostly with:

primarily: chu yeu

A Asia.
B North America.
C Europe.

13 For deserts and gorges, customers should come in the:

A Morning.
B Afternoon. “you need to talk to them in the aft.
C Night.

14 Trips to regional locations are good because:

A The buses are comfortable.

B There is storage for suitcases.
C They can be seen quickly.
15 SleekLine buses are particularly known for their:

A Service.
B Size.
C Comfort.

Questions 16-20: Identify the rooms in the office plan.

Write the correct letter, A-G, next to the questions.

16 Local Tours
17 Interstate Tours
18 International Tours
19 Asian Region
20 General Office
Questions 21 – 24

Complete the timetable.

Write the correct letter, A-H, for each answer.

Morning Afternoon

Monday Opening Lecture 21…………….

Tuesday 22……………. Study Skills

Wednesday x 23…………….

Thursday x x

Friday x 24…………….

A BBQ
B Careers lecture
C Computer lab visit
D Dance
E Library tour
F Student Union induction
G University tour
H Legal rights lecture
Questions 31-34 Complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN

TWO WORDS for each answer.

Behavior in parks is controlled by 31…………….

Insect numbers are reduced by having 32…………….
A wilderness park does not have any 33…………….
Observing trees and lying in the grass are examples of 34…………….

Questions 35-40: Complete the notes.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

PARKS

1000 years ago sufficient wilderness

large forests: people could

35…………….

desire to preserve nature began with

36…………….

Princes Park land originally worth £ 37…………….

designed by Joseph Paxton

in the middle was a 38…………….

Neighborhood now regarded as a 39…………….

Parks
satisfy a natural desire
 can be famous, e.g. in 40…………….

The Ecological Importance of Bees

A Sometime in the early Cretaceous period of the Earth's history, hunting

wasps of a certain type became bees by adopting a vegetarian diet: they
began to rely more and more on the pollen of plants as a source of protein for

themselves and their offspring, as an alternative to insects. they

accidentally transported pollen on their bodies to other plants of the same
species, bringing about pollination. The stage was thus set for a succession of
ever-closer mutual adaptations of bees and flowering plants. In particular,
flowers began to reward bees for their unwitting role in their reproduction by
providing richer sources of pollen and another source of nutrition, nectar.
B Today about 15 percent of our diet consists of crops which are pollinated by
bees. The meat and other animal products we consume are ultimately derived
from bee- pollinated forage crops, and account for another 15 per cent. It
follows that around one third of our food is directly or indirectly dependent on
the pollinating services of bees. On a global basis, the annual value of
agricultural crops dependent on the pollination services of bees is estimated at
£1,000 million (US$1,590 million). Much of this pollination is due to honey
bees, and in monetary terms it exceeds the value of the annual honey crop by
a factor of fifty.
C But the apparently harmonious relationship between bees and plants
conceals a conflict of interests. Although flowers need bees and vice versa, it
pays each partner to minimise its costs and maximise its profits. This may
sound like an extreme case of attributing human qualities to non-human
species, but using the marketplace and the principles of double-entry book
keeping as metaphors may give US some insights into what is really going on
between bees and flowering plants. In the real world, both flower and bee
operate in a competitive marketplace. A community of retailers, the flowers,
seek to attract more or less discriminating consumers, the bees. Each flower
has to juggle the costs and benefits of investing in advertising, by colour and
scent, and providing rewards, nectar and pollen, clearly a species which
depends on cross-pollination is on a knife-edge: it must provide sufficient
nectar to attract the interest of a bee, but not enough to satisfy all of its needs
in one visit. A satiated bee would return to its nest rather than visit another
flower. The bee, on the other hand, is out to get the maximum amount of
pollen and nectar. It must assess the quality and quantity of rewards which are
on offer and juggle its energy costs so that it makes a calorific profit on each
foraging trip. The apparent harmony between plants and bees is therefore not
all that it seems. Instead, it is an equilibrium based on compromises between
the competing interests of the protagonists.
D This sounds remarkably like the ideas of the 18th-century economist Adam
Smith. In his book, The Wealth of Nations, Smith postulated that in human
society the competitive interactions of different ‘economic units' eventually
resulted in a balanced, or ‘harmonious’ society. One might predict, therefore,
that economists would find the relationships between bees and plants of some
interest. This is the case in Israel, where economists are collaborating with
botanists and entomologists in a long-term study of the pollination biology of
the native flora, in an attempt to understand the dynamics of the relationship
between communities of bees and plants.
E This sort of study is of more than passing academic interest. It is important
that authorities understand the dynamic relationships between plants and their
pollinators. This is especially true when, say, devising conservation policies. A
good example comes from the forests of tropical South America. Here, as in
all rainforests, there is a high diversity of tree species. There may be more
than 120 per acre, but in a given acre there may only be one or two individuals
of any one species: These trees are pollinated by large, fast-flying bees.
There is evidence that certain types of bees learn the distribution of these
scattered trees and forage regularly along the same routes. This is called
‘trap-lining’ and the bees forage for up to 23 km from their nests. The bees are
therefore acting as long distance pollinators.

F An issue of current concern in tropical forest conservation is that of trying to

estimate the minimum sustainable size of islands' of forest reserve in areas
where large-scale felling is taking place. There is much discussion on seed
dispersal distances. But this is only one half of the equation, so far as the
reproduction of trees is concerned. There is another question that must be
addressed in order to calculate whether proposed forest reserves are close
enough to the nearest large tract of forest: ‘what is the flight range of these
long-distance foragers?' We need to know much more about bees and their
relationships with plants before this question can be answered.
G Bees, then, are vital to our survival. Furthermore, much of the visual impact
of human environments derives from vegetation, and most vegetation is
dependent on bees for pollination. Thus, as pollinators of crops and natural
vegetation, bees occupy key positions in the web of relationships which
sustain the living architecture of our planet.

Question 1
Choose the correct letter , A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 13 on
your answer sheet. Which is the best title for Reading Passage ?

A The Ecological Importance of Bees

B The Evolutionary History of Bees

C The Social Behaviour of Bees

D The Geographical Distribution of Bees

Questions 2-6
Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A, B, D, E and F from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings

i Parallels between bee and human activities

ii An evolutionary turning point

iii A lack of total co-operation

iv The preservation of individual plant species

v The commercial value of bee

vi The structure of flowering plants

vii The pursuit of self-interest

viii The need for further research

1 Paragraph A
2 Paragraph B

Example

Paragraph C vii

3 Paragraph D

4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph F