Health education settings

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 Objectives

At the end of the lesson students should be able to:-

⁃ Describe types of health education settings
⁃ Explain the rationale for school health education
⁃ Explain three major school health education components

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 Definitions
• Health Education Settings: Places where individuals receive health
information, skills, and support.
• Importance of Diverse Settings: Reaching different populations and
addressing specific needs.
• Thus, health education and promotion takes place, amongst other
locations, in:
⁃ Health care
⁃ Schools
⁃ Communities
⁃ Work sites
⁃ Prisons
⁃ Refugee camps
 • The most commonly used settings of health
Health education can be broadly categorized as:
• Health Care settings,
Education • School settings,
• Community settings
Settings • Prison health education

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 Patient education: its a type of Health
Education given at health care settings.

Objective
Healthcare
settings Health provider-patient interaction
should express
• support,
• provide information and feedback,
• correct distortions and provide hope in modern
era.

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 Chronic diseases are increasing

The contribution of health-related problems and the

environmental factors has been recognized

The role of patient in self care is required

Rationale for
pt education The need for involvement in disease prevention/control

Home based care is advocated against institution-based

care

Patient education and participation in doctor-patient

interaction is well recognized

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 Theories of patient education

The theories are based on health practitioner-patient relationship and

sometimes called as patient-provider interaction.

Importance of Theories: Provide a theoretical foundation for

understanding how people learn and change their behavior, guiding the
development of effective patient education programs.

Health belief model

The most common theories are:- Self-efficacy model
Adult learning theory

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 The relationship needs the following
qualities:

Clarity, openness, and effectiveness of

communication
Theories of
patient Good interpersonal relationship
education con.
Mutual understanding

Awareness of external social factors

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 Cognition and information

Provision of information about diagnosis, treatment, etiology and outcome.

Provision of written information

Use of shorter words and sentences

Presentation of important information

Categorization, memorization and cheek-ups

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 Interpersonal intersection

Convey concern, warmth, sincerely, respect, genuineness

Use exploratory and open-ended questions

Listen, clarify, paraphrase and cheek

Beware of your personal reactions.

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 Conflict resolution and negotiation

provide information, accept ,respect

Elicit patient’s view about problem, treatment and outcome

Prioritize and negotiate requests

Develop a mutually acceptable plan

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 Social influences

Inference patients’ attitude, motivation and behavior

use techniques to enhance persuasiveness, cognition and information processing

Emphasize patients well being as a mutual goal

Give positive feedback and accept feed back

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 Compliance

• Compliance is willingness to follow doctors’ recommendations or orders, and

hence non-compliance refers to failure or refusal to do so.

• Non- compliance can occur into different forms:

⁃ error of omission (on clients who are not currently seeking or receiving
medical care for their illness or condition- the undiagnosed), and
⁃ error of commission (on clients who have symptoms or risk factors that
could warrant examination and health counseling – the unscreened).

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 Methods of improving compliance

• Understanding the "Why" Behind Non-Compliance

⁃ Patient-Related
⁃ Healthcare System-Related
• Boosting Patient Engagement
⁃ Active Participation
⁃ Empowerment
• Improving Communication
• Building Trust and Rapport
• Utilizing Technology
⁃ Medication Reminders
⁃ Telehealth
• Addressing Social Determinants of Health

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 The School Setting

• School health education is a type of

health education program which is
undertaken in school settings starting
from kindergarten (3-5 years old
children) up to secondary school
students (14-18 years old youths).

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 Rationale of school health education

• School children are groups of young people with similar background and
environment.
• There is potential for occurrence of epidemics and spread of communicable
diseases.
• School communities have special health problems
• It also an opportunity to the health care delivery system to include this large
community in health matters.
• They can also serve as a bridge between families, community of teachers and
the health system.

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 Scope of school health education

• Schools are unique settings for health education and promotion activities, and
are effective to improve the health of pupils, staff, families and members of the
community.

• It can produce significant outcome because schools contain many young people.

• Through these young people, families and communities could be traced and
communicated with.

• It has been shown in many places that even three years of education for girls
improve their children survival by 50%- influence of schooling on the health of
the community.
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 Instructional methods in schools

• The selection of instructional methods in schools, like any other settings,

solely depends on:
⁃ The learning outcome intended
⁃ The nature of the audiences, and
⁃ The already available resource and skill

• Therefore, assessment should be done first and the methods to be used will be
decided based on the findings of the assessment.

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 Diagnosis of problems in schools

• It involves 4 (four) steps, and these include

⁃ 1st – Determining (interpreting) the state of health of the school students,
⁃ 2nd – Determining (interpreting) the pattern of health care (service)
delivery in schools,
⁃ 3rd- Investigating the relationship between the health status of school
students and the health care delivery, and
⁃ 4th – summarizing the evidences and establishing determinants of the
problems identified.

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 School Health education in Ethiopia

• Commonly given but not organized and sustainable.

• Lack of SMART plan and objective formulation

• Program not targeted and focused on specific audiences.

• Lack of need assessment in the program.

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 The Community Setting

• This setting includes

⁃ home,
⁃ public gatherings,
⁃ social organizations,
⁃ campuses,
⁃ work sites, etc.

• The type of Health Education that is given at community settings is called

Community Health Education.

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 Prison health education

• It’s about educating and encouraging prisoners to better understand their own
health.
• Health education is important for everyone.
• Those involved in the justice system and staff at correctional and detention
facilities have a higher need for information about risk and the importance of
prevention and treatment for some diseases, conditions, and injuries.

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 Why Focus on Health in Prison?

• High rates of chronic diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, diabetes, mental

health issues) among incarcerated populations.
• Increased risk of substance abuse and addiction.
• Limited access to healthcare and health information before and during
incarceration.
• Link between health and recidivism – improved health can contribute to successful
reintegration.

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 Key Health Challenges in Prison

• Infectious Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis – transmission routes,

prevention strategies.
• Mental Health: Depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychosis – prevalence, impact,
treatment options.
• Substance Abuse: Addiction, withdrawal, relapse prevention – strategies for
addressing addiction.
• Chronic Diseases: Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease – management,
prevention.
•

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 Effective Health Education Strategies

• Educational Workshops: Interactive sessions on specific health topics.

• Peer Education: Involving inmates in health promotion activities.

• Health Literacy Programs: Improving understanding of health information.

• Individualized Counseling: Addressing specific health needs and concerns.

• Integration with Healthcare Services: Linking education with access to care.

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