Name ___________________ Date______________

Punnett Square Worksheet

You will be filling in the Punnett squares from the scenarios given in Mendel’s original work.
You will also tell the percent of the phenotypes (what they look like) of the offspring after doing
the square. Remember the Punnett Square steps.

STEP 1: Determine what kind of problem you are trying to solve.

STEP 2: Determine letters you will use to specify traits.
STEP 3: Determine parent’s genotypes.
STEP 4: Make your Punnett square and make gametes.
STEP 5: Complete cross and determine possible offspring.
STEP 6: Determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Monohybrid Cross Example - Yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds in pea plants. One parent
plant is homozygous green (yy), and the other parent plant is homozygous yellow (YY). Fill in the
Punnett square and tell how many offspring will be yellow and how many will be green. (You don’t
have to use color – this was to help you see the differences). Remember that each square
represents 25%.

y y
Y Yy Yy
Y Yy Yy
Offspring phenotype:

Yellow 100%
Green 0%
1. Green pod color is dominant over yellow pod color in pea plants. One parent plant is
homozygous green (GG), and the other parent plant is heterozygous green (Gg). Fill in the
Punnett square and tell how many offspring will be yellow and how many will be green. (5
points)

G g

G GG Gg

G GG Gg

Offspring phenotype:
Green _____________
50%
Yellow _____________
50%

2. Round seeds are dominant over wrinkled seeds in pea plants. One parent plant is homozygous
wrinkled (rr), and the other parent plant is heterozygous round (Rr). Fill in the Punnett square
and tell how many offspring will be round and how many will be wrinkled. (5 points)

R r

r Rr rr

r Rr rr

Offspring phenotype:
Round _____________
50%
Wrinkled ___________
50%
3. Tall pea plants are dominant over short pea plants. Both parent plants are heterozygous tall (Tt)
and (Tt). Fill in the Punnett square and tell how many offspring will be tall and how many will be
short. (5 points)

T t

T TT Tt

t Tt tt

Offspring phenotype:
Tall _____________
50%
Short _____________
50%

4. Gray seed coat color is dominant over white seed coat color. One parent plant is homozygous
gray (GG), and the other parent plant is homozygous gray (GG). Fill in the Punnett square and
tell how many offspring will be gray and how many will be white. (5 points)

G G

G GG GG

G GG GG

Offspring phenotype:
Gray _____________
50%
White _____________
50%
5. Tall pea plants are dominant over short pea plants. Both parent plants are homozygous short
(tt) and (tt). Fill in the Punnett square and tell how many offspring will be tall and how many
will be short. (5 points)

t t

t tt tt

t tt tt

Offspring phenotype:
Tall _____________
50%
Short _____________
50%
Dihybrid Cross Example - A tall green pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is
crossed with a short yellow pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. Fill in the
Punnett square and tell how many offspring will be yellow and green and how many will be short
and tall. (10 points)
Parent 1 Genotype: TTGG
Parent 2 Genotype: ttgg
FOIL to determine gametes: T T G G t t g g Parent 1 gametes: TG, TG, TG, TG
Parent 2 gametes: tg, tg, tg, tg

TG TG TG TG
X
tg TtGg TtGg TtGg TtGg

tg TtGg TtGg TtGg TtGg

tg TtGg TtGg TtGg TtGg

tg TtGg TtGg TtGg TtGg

Offspring phenotype ratios: Tall/Green _16/16__: Tall/Yellow _0/16__: Short/Green _0/16__:

Short/Yellow _0/16__
6. A pea plant is heterozygous for both seed shape and seed color. S is the allele for the dominant,
spherical shape characteristic; s is the allele for the recessive, dented shape characteristic. Y is
the allele for the dominant, yellow color characteristic; y is the allele for the recessive, green
color characteristic. Fill in the Punnett square and tell how many offspring will be in the various
genotypes and phenotypes. (35 points)

SY
SY SY SY
X

sy SsYy SsYy SsYy SsYy

sy SsYy SsYy SsYy SsYy

sy SsYy SsYy SsYy SsYy

sy SsYy SsYy SsYy SsYy

Parent 1 genotype: SSYY

Parent 2 genotype: ssyy
FOIL to determine gametes: SSYYssyy
Parent 1 gametes: SY,SY,SY,SY
Parent 2 gametes: sy,sy,sy,sy
Offspring phenotype ratios:
Seed/yellow: 16/16
Incomplete Dominance
7. In mice, coat color is incompletely dominant. Yellow (Y) and white (W) colored mice are
homozygous, while cream (YW) colored mice are heterozygous. If two cream-colored mice
mate, what percentage of each phenotype is probable of their offspring? Fill in the Punnett
Square. (10 points)

Y W

Y YY YW

W YW WW

Offspring phenotype:
Yellow: _____
25%
White: _____
50%
Cream: _____
25%

Co-dominance

8. In shorthorn cattle, when a red bull (RR) is crossed with a white cow (WW), all the offspring are
roan (RW)—a spotted, red, and white or milky red color. What offspring are expected from
mating a roan bull and a roan cow? Fill in the Punnett Square. (10 points)

R r

W RW rW

W RW rW

Offspring phenotype:
Red: _____
100%
White: _____
0%
Roan: _____
0%
Multiple Alleles
9. In humans, there are four types of blood; type A, type B, type AB, and type O. The alleles A and
B are codominant to each other, and the O allele is recessive to both A and B alleles. So a person
with the genotype AA or AO will have A type of blood. If you are type O and marry a person with
blood type AB, what are the possible blood phenotypes of your children? (10 points)
Fill in the Punnett Square.

A B

A AA AB

O AO BO

Offspring phenotype:
A: _____
3 B: _____
2 AB:_____
1 O:_____
2

Conclusion
10. What is the function of a Punnett Square? Use 2 to 3 sentences to answer the question and use
your best grammar. (10 points)

A Punnett Square serves as a visual tool in genetics to predict the possible

genotypes and phenotypes of offspring resulting from a specific cross
between two parents, by illustrating all potential combinations of alleles from
each parent, allowing scientists to calculate the probability of inheriting
particular traits based on their genetic makeup.