MCQ’S FOR CHAPTERS 5,6, 7 & 8

MCQ’S FOR CHAPTERS 5,6, 7 & 8

1. 1. Who discovered the electron?
2. a) Ernest Rutherford b) J.J. Thomson c) Niels Bohr d) James Chadwick
3. 2. In Rutherford’s model of the atom, the nucleus is:
4. a) Positively charged and dense b) Negatively charged and large
5. c) Neutral and diffuse d) Positively charged and diffuse
6. 3. The maximum number of electrons in the second shell (L-shell) is: a) 2 b) 8 c) 18 d)
32
7. 4. Mendeleev’s periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of
their:
8. a) atomic mass b) Atomic number c) Density d) Melting point
9. 5. The modern periodic law is based on:
10. a) atomic number b) Atomic mass c) Number of neutrons d) Valency
11. 6. In a given group of the periodic table, as you move down, the atomic size:
12. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) First decreases, then increases
Answer: a) Increases
13. 7. The charge of an electron is:
14. a) +1 b) -1 c) 0 d) +2
15. Answer: b) -1
16. 8. Who discovered the neutron?
17. a) J.J. Thomson b) James Chadwick c) Ernest Rutherford d) Niels Bohr Answer: b) James
Chadwick
18. 9. Cathode rays are composed of:
19. a) Protons b) Electrons c) Neutrons d) Positrons Answer: b) Electrons
20. 10. The proton was discovered using:
21. a) Cathode ray tube b) Anode ray tube c) X-rays d) Gamma rays Answer: b) Anode
ray tube
22. 11. The mass of a proton is approximately:
23. a) 1/2000 of an electron b) Equal to an electron
24. c) 1840 times that of an electron d) 1/2 the mass of an electron Answer: c) 1840 times that of an
electron
25. 12. In Thomson’s model, the atom is represented as:
26. a. A dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons
27. b. A large sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded
28. c. Electrons revolving in fixed orbits around the nucleus
29. d. A neutral particle with equal numbers of protons and neutrons Answer: b) A large sphere of
positive charge with electrons embedded
30. 13. Rutherford’s experiment led to the discovery of:
31. a) Proton b) Electron c) Neutron d) Nucleus Answer: d) Nucleus
32. 14. According to Rutherford’s model, the atom is mostly:
33. a) Solidb) Empty space c) Positively charged d) Neutral Answer: b) Empty space
34. 15. Bohr’s model introduced the concept of:
35. a) Stationary orbits b) Diffuse electron clouds
36. c) Random electron movement d) Subshells Answer: a) Stationary orbits
37. 16. The first shell (K-shell) can hold a maximum of:
38. a) 2 electrons b) 8 electrons c) 18 electronsd) 32 electrons Answer: a) 2 electrons
39. 17. The electronic configuration of an atom with atomic number 11 is: a) 2, 8, 1 b) 2, 8, 2
c) 2, 6, 3 d) 2, 7, 2
40. Answer: a) 2, 8, 1
41. 18. The outermost shell of neon contains:
42. a) 2 electrons b) 6 electrons c) 8 electrons d) 0 electrons Answer: c) 8 electrons
43. 19. Valency is determined by the number of:
44. a) Protons b) Neutrons
45. c) Electrons in the outermost shell d) Electrons in the innermost shell Answer: c) Electrons in the
outermost shell
46. 20. An element with atomic number 8 has the configuration:
47. a) 2, 6b) 2, 8 c) 8, 2 d) 2, 4
48. Answer: a) 2, 6
49. 21. What is the valency of an element with the configuration 2, 8, 7? a) 1 b) 7 c) 8 d) 2
50. Answer: a) 1
51. 22. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of argon is: a) 6 b) 8 c) 2 d) 18
52. Answer: b) 8
53. 23. The element with atomic number 12 belongs to which group?
54. a) Alkali metals b) Alkaline earth metals c) Halogens d) Noble gases Answer: b)
Alkaline earth metals
55. 24. Which of the following atoms is an isotope of hydrogen?
56. a) Helium b) Tritium c) Lithium d) Deuterium Answer: d) Deuterium
57. 25. Dobereiner’s triads were based on:
58. a) Atomic numbers b) Atomic masses c) Valencies d) Chemical properties Answer:
b) Atomic masses
59. 26. In Dobereiner’s triad, the atomic mass of the middle element is:
60. a) Twice the sum of the other two b) The average of the other two
61. c) Half the atomic mass of the heaviest element d) The square root of the product of the other
two Answer: b) The average of the other two
62. 27. Newlands’ law of octaves is applicable to elements with atomic masses up to:
63. a) Sodium b) Magnesium c) Calcium d) Chlorine Answer: c) Calcium
64. 28. Newlands’ law of octaves was rejected because:
65. a) It was based on atomic number b) It did not include noble gases
66. c) It could not classify elements heavier than calcium d) Both b and c Answer: d) Both b and c
67. 29. Mendeleev’s periodic law states that:
68. a. Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number
69. b. Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic mass
70. c. Properties of elements depend on their electronic configuration
71. d. Properties of elements depend on their valency
72. Answer: b) Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic mass
73. 30. Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table for:
74. a) Isotopes b) Elements with similar properties c) Undiscovered elements d) Inert
gases Answer: c) Undiscovered elements
75. 31. The element Mendeleev predicted as eka-silicon was later identified as:
76. a) Germanium b) Gallium c) Scandium d) Indium Answer: a) Germanium
77. 32. A major defect of Mendeleev’s periodic table was:
78. a) Position of isotopes b) Position of hydrogen
79. c) Anomalous pairs like Argon and Potassium d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above
80. 33. Mendeleev grouped elements in:
81. a) 7 groups and 18 periods b) 8 groups and 6 periods
82. c) 18 groups and 7 periods d) 6 groups and 8 periods Answer: b) 8 groups and 6 periods
83. 34. The modern periodic table is based on:
84. a) Atomic mass b) Atomic number c) Electron configuration d) Isotopic mass Answer:
b) Atomic number
85. 35. The total number of periods in the modern periodic table is: a) 7 b) 8 c) 6 d) 18
86. Answer: a) 7
87. 36. Which group in the modern periodic table contains noble gases?
88. a) Group 1 b) Group 7 c) Group 17 d) Group 18 Answer: d) Group 18
89. 37. Which of the following is a transition element?
90. a) Sodium b) Copper c) Argon d) Chlorine Answer: b) Copper
91. 38. The lanthanoids and actinoids are collectively called:
92. a) Main group elementsb) Transition elements
93. c) Inner transition elements d) Halogens Answer: c) Inner transition elements
94. 39. Across a period in the periodic table, atomic size:
95. a) Increases b) Decreases
96. c) Remains constant d) First increases, then decreases Answer: b) Decreases
97. 40. Down a group in the periodic table, metallic character:
98. a) Increases b) Decreases
99. c) Remains constant d) First decreases, then increases Answer: a) Increases
100. 41. Which group contains the most reactive metals?
101. a) Group 1 b) Group 2 c) Group 16 d) Group 17 Answer: a) Group 1
102. 42. The non-metallic character across a period:
103. a) Increases b) Decreases
104. c) Remains constant d) First increases, then decreases Answer: a) Increases
105. 43. Atomic size increases down a group because:
106. a) The number of protons decreases b) The number of neutrons increases
107. c) New shells are added d) Electrons are removed Answer: c) New shells are added
108. 44. The most electronegative element in the periodic table is:
109. a) Fluorine b) Oxygen c) Chlorine d) Nitrogen Answer: a) Fluorine
110. 45. Which of the following has the smallest atomic radius?
111. a) Lithium b) Beryllium c) Boron d) Fluorine Answer: d) Fluorine
112. 46. The ability of an atom to lose electrons is called:
113. a) Electronegativity b) Ionization energy c) Metallic character d) Electron affinity
Answer: c) Metallic character
114. 47. The inert gases are chemically unreactive because:
115. a) They have incomplete outer shells b) Their outer shells are fully filled
116. c) They are metals d) Their atomic radii are small Answer: b) Their outer shells are fully filled
117. 48. Down the group, the ionization energy:
118. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) First increases, then decreases
Answer: b) Decreases
119. 49. In a period, the element with the highest ionization energy is likely to be:
120. a) An alkali metal b) A noble gas c) A transition metal d) A halogen Answer: b) A noble
gas
121. 50. The metallic character of elements decreases across a period because:
122. a) Atomic number decreases b) Nuclear charge increases
123. c) Atomic size increases d) New shells are added Answer: b) Nuclear charge increases
124. 51. Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are called:
125. a) Halogens b) Noble gasesc) Alkali metals d) Alkaline earth metals Answer: c) Alkali
metals
126. 52. Metalloids have properties of:
127. a) Metals only b) Non-metals only c) Both metals and non-metals d) Gases Answer:
c) Both metals and non-metals
128. 53. Which of the following is a non-metal?
129. a) Sodium b) Magnesium c) Sulfur d) Iron Answer: c) Sulfur
130. 54. Chlorine belongs to which group in the periodic table?
131. a) Group 16 b) Group 17 c) Group 18 d) Group 15 Answer: b) Group 17
132. 55. Which of these elements is a metalloid?
133. a) Boron b) Fluorine c) Calcium d) Carbon Answer: a) Boron
134. 56. A characteristic property of metals is that they:
135. a) Are brittle b) Are good conductors of electricity
136. c) Have low melting points d) Are poor conductors of heat Answer: b) Are good conductors of
electricity
137. 57. Transition elements are located in:
138. a) Groups 1 and 2 b) Groups 3 to 12 c) Groups 13 to 18 d) Group 18 Answer: b)
Groups 3 to 12
139. 58. The lanthanoids and actinoids are placed separately in the periodic table because:
140. a) They are all radioactive b) They are rare gases
141. c) They have similar properties d) Their atomic radii are the smallest Answer: c) They have
similar properties
142. 59. Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same:
143. a) Atomic number b) Number of protons
144. c) Number of valence electrons d) Number of shells Answer: c) Number of valence electrons
145. 60. Which group is known as the halogen group?
146. a) Group 14 b) Group 16 c) Group 17 d) Group 18 Answer: c) Group 17
147. 61. The elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71 are called:
148. a) Actinoids b) Lanthanoids c) Alkali metals d) Alkaline earth metals Answer:
b) Lanthanoids
149. 62. The reactivity of alkali metals:
150. a) Increases down the group b) Decreases down the group
151. c) Remains constant d) Increases and then decreases Answer: a) Increases down the group
152. 63. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of:
153. a) Increasing atomic mass b) Increasing atomic number
154. c) Decreasing atomic mass d) Decreasing atomic number Answer: b) Increasing atomic number
155. 64. In Group 17, as you move down the group, the elements:
156. a) Become more reactive b) Become less reactive
157. c) Have increasing ionization energy d) Have decreasing atomic radii Answer: b) Become less
reactive
158. 65. The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to:
159. a) Add an electron to an atom b) Remove an electron from an atom
160. c) Excite an atom to a higher energy level d) Combine two atoms into a molecule Answer: b)
Remove an electron from an atom
161. 66. Noble gases are found in:
162. a) Group 16 b) Group 18 c) Group 1 d) Group 2 Answer: b) Group 18
163. 67. Which electronic configuration represents a noble gas?
164. a) 2, 8b) 2, 8, 8 c) 2, 8, 18, 8 d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above
165. 68. What is the octet rule?
166. a. Atoms combine to complete 8 protons in their nucleus.
167. b. Atoms combine to complete 8 neutrons in their nucleus.
168. c. Atoms combine to achieve 8 electrons in their outermost shell.
169. d. Atoms combine to achieve 8 molecules in a compound.
170.
171. Answer: c) Atoms combine to achieve 8 electrons in their outermost shell.
172.
173. 69. What is the taste of acids according to early observations?
174. a) Sweet b) Sourc) Bitter d) Salty Answer: b) Sour
175. 70. Which ion is furnished by acids when dissolved in water?
176. a) Hydroxide ions (OH⁻) b) Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
177. c) Sodium ions (Na⁺) d) Ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) Answer: b) Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
178. 71. Why are noble gases generally unreactive?
179. a) They have high atomic mass. b) They have eight electrons in their outermost shell.
180. c) They are composed of single atoms. d) They do not conduct electricity. Answer: b) They
have eight electrons in their outermost shell.
181. 72. What is the type of bond formed by the transfer of electrons?
182. a) Covalent bond b) Ionic bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen bond Answer: b)
Ionic bond
183. 73. What type of ions does sodium form when it reacts with chlorine?
184. a) Negative ions (anions) b) Positive ions (cations)
185. c) Neutral molecules d) None of the above Answer: b) Positive ions (cations)
186. 74. Which force holds the ions together in an ionic bond?
187. a) Gravitational force b) Magnetic force c) Electrostatic force d) Nuclear force Answer:
c) Electrostatic force
188. 75. What is the correct formula of magnesium oxide?
189. a) MgO b) Mg₂O c) MgO₂ d) Mg₂O₃ Answer: a) MgO
190. 76. Ionic compounds generally have:
191. a) High melting and boiling points b) Low melting and boiling points
192. c) No melting point d) Variable melting and boiling points
193. Answer: a) High melting and boiling points
194. 77. Which property explains why ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state but not in
solid state?
195. a) Ions are fixed in place in the solid state. b) Ions are mobile in the molten state.
196. c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b
197. Answer: c) Both a and b
198. 78. What type of bond is formed in a molecule of H₂?
199. a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen bond Answer: b)
Covalent bond
200. 79. What is a substance that furnishes hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water called?
201. a) Acid b) Basec) Salt d) Neutral compound Answer: b) Base
202. 80. Which indicator turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions?
203. a) Phenolphthalein b) Methyl orange c) Litmus d) Bromothymol blue Answer: c)
Litmus
204. 81. What gas is evolved when an acid reacts with a metal?
205. a) Oxygen b) Hydrogen c) Carbon dioxide d) Chlorine Answer: b) Hydrogen
206. 82. What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water?
207. a) Lime water turns milky. b) Lime water turns red.
208. c) Lime water turns blue. d) Lime water remains unchanged. Answer: a) Lime water turns milky.
209. 83. What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
210. a) 0 b) 7 c) 14 d) 10
211. Answer: b) 7
212. 84. Which of the following acids is strong?
213. a) Acetic acid b) Hydrochloric acid c) Lactic acid d) Tartaric acid Answer: b) Hydrochloric
acid
214. 85. What is the importance of pH in the human body?
215. a) It determines blood sugar levels. b) It helps maintain biochemical processes.
216. c) It determines oxygen levels. d) It prevents hair loss. Answer: b) It helps maintain
biochemical processes.
217. 86. What is the product when an acid reacts with a base?
218. a) Salt only b) Salt and water c) Hydrogen gas d) No reaction Answer: b) Salt
and water
219. 87. Bleaching powder is an example of a:
220. a) Base b) Salt c) Acid d) Neutral substance Answer: b) Salt
221. 88. What happens when two chlorine atoms share a pair of electrons?
222. a) An ionic bond is formed. b) A covalent bond is formed.
223. c) A metallic bond is formed. d) No bond is formed. Answer: b) A covalent bond is formed.
224. 89. Which molecule contains a triple bond?
225. a) H₂ b) O₂ c) N₂ d) Cl₂ Answer: c) N₂
226. 90. What type of bond is present in water (H₂O)?
227. a) Ionic bond b) Double covalent bond c) Single covalent bond
228. d) Triple covalent bond
229. Answer: c) Single covalent bond
230. 91. Which of the following is a property of covalent compounds?
231. a) High melting point b) Conduct electricity in solid state
232. c) Soluble in organic solvents d) Strong electrostatic attraction Answer: c) Soluble in organic
solvents
233. 92. Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?
234. a) Sodium chloride b) Ethanol c) Benzene d) Ammonium hydroxide
235. Answer: c) Benzene
236. 93. What is the bond angle in a molecule of methane (CH₄)? a) 180° b) 120°c) 109.5° d)
90° Answer: c) 109.5°
237. 94. In the Lewis dot structure of ammonia (NH₃), how many lone pairs of electrons are present
on the nitrogen atom?
238. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0
239. Answer: a) 1
240. 95. The bonding in methane (CH₄) can be best described as:
241. a) Ionic b) Polar covalent c) Non-polar covalent d) Metallic
242. Answer: c) Non-polar covalent
243. 96. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
244. a) They are composed of neutral molecules. b) They have weak bonds.
245. c) Strong electrostatic forces between ions.d) High kinetic energy of ions. Answer: c) Strong
electrostatic forces between ions.
246. 97. Which of the following represents a double bond?
247. a) O=O b) H–H c) N≡N d) Cl–Cl Answer: a) O=O
248. 98. Which of the following substances can act as a natural indicator?
249. a) Turmeric b) Vinegar c) Bleach d) Baking soda Answer: a) Turmeric
250. 99. What will be the pH of a strong base like sodium hydroxide?
251. a) Below 7 b) 7 c) Above 7 d) Exactly 14 Answer: c) Above 7
252. 100. Which of the following acids is present in vinegar?
253. a) Citric acid b) Acetic acid c) Hydrochloric acid d) Lactic acid Answer: b) Acetic acid
254. 101. When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, which gas is released?
255. a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Nitrogen Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
256. 102. Which indicator turns pink in a basic solution?
257. a) Litmusb) Methyl orange c) Phenolphthalein d) Universal indicator Answer: c)
Phenolphthalein
258. 103. What is the chemical formula of baking soda?
259. a) Na₂CO₃ b) NaClc) NaHCO₃ d) NaOH Answer: c) NaHCO₃
260. 104. Which of the following salts is acidic in nature?
261. a) Sodium chloride b) Ammonium chloride
262. c) Sodium carbonate d) Potassium hydroxide Answer: b) Ammonium chloride
263. 105. What happens when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed in equivalent amounts?
264. a) The solution becomes strongly acidic. b) The solution becomes strongly basic.
265. c) The solution becomes neutral. d) No reaction occurs.
266. Answer: c) The solution becomes neutral.
267. 106. Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in the molten state but not in the solid state?
268. a) Ions are fixed in place in the solid state. b) Ions are mobile in the molten state.
269. c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b
270. Answer: c) Both a and b
271. 107. What type of bond is formed in a molecule of H₂?
272. a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen bond Answer: b)
Covalent bond
273. In a given group of the periodic table, as you move down, the atomic size:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) First decreases, then
increases Answer: a) Increases
274. The charge of an electron is:
a) +1 b) -1 c) 0 d) +2
Answer: b) -1
275. Who discovered the neutron?
a) J.J. Thomson b) James Chadwick c) Ernest Rutherford d) Niels Bohr
Answer: b) James Chadwick
276. Cathode rays are composed of:
a) Protons b) Electrons c) Neutrons d) Positrons
Answer: b) Electrons
277. The proton was discovered using:
a) Cathode ray tube b) Anode ray tube c) X-rays d) Gamma
rays Answer: b) Anode ray tube
278. The mass of a proton is approximately:
 a) 1/2000 of an electron b) Equal to an electron
c) 1840 times that of an electron d) 1/2 the mass of an
electron Answer: c) 1840 times that of an electron
279. In Thomson’s model, the atom is represented as:
a. A dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons
b. A large sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded
c. Electrons revolving in fixed orbits around the nucleus
d. A neutral particle with equal numbers of protons and
neutrons Answer: b) A large sphere of positive charge with electrons
embedded
280. Rutherford’s experiment led to the discovery of:
a) Proton b) Electron c) Neutron d) Nucleus
Answer: d) Nucleus
281. According to Rutherford’s model, the atom is mostly:
a) Solidb) Empty space c) Positively charged d) Neutral
Answer: b) Empty space
282. Bohr’s model introduced the concept of:
a) Stationary orbits b) Diffuse electron clouds
c) Random electron movement d) Subshells
Answer: a) Stationary orbits
283. The first shell (K-shell) can hold a maximum of:
a) 2 electrons b) 8 electrons c) 18 electrons d) 32
electrons Answer: a) 2 electrons
284. The electronic configuration of an atom with atomic number 11
is: a) 2, 8, 1 b) 2, 8, 2 c) 2, 6, 3 d) 2, 7, 2
Answer: a) 2, 8, 1
285. The outermost shell of neon contains:
a) 2 electrons b) 6 electrons c) 8 electrons d) 0
electrons Answer: c) 8 electrons
286. Valency is determined by the number of:
a) Protons b) Neutrons
c) Electrons in the outermost shell d) Electrons in the innermost
shell Answer: c) Electrons in the outermost shell
287. An element with atomic number 8 has the configuration:
 a) 2, 6 b) 2, 8 c) 8, 2 d) 2, 4
Answer: a) 2, 6
288. What is the valency of an element with the configuration 2, 8,
7? a) 1 b) 7 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: a) 1
289. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of argon
is: a) 6 b) 8 c) 2 d) 18
Answer: b) 8
290. The element with atomic number 12 belongs to which group?
a) Alkali metals b) Alkaline earth metals c) Halogens d) Noble gases
Answer: b) Alkaline earth metals
291. Which of the following atoms is an isotope of hydrogen?
a) Helium b) Tritium c) Lithium d) Deuterium
Answer: d) Deuterium
292. Dobereiner’s triads were based on:
a) Atomic numbers b) Atomic masses c) Valencies d) Chemical
properties Answer: b) Atomic masses
293. In Dobereiner’s triad, the atomic mass of the middle element is:
a) Twice the sum of the other two b) The average of the other two
c) Half the atomic mass of the heaviest element d) The square root of the product of the other
two Answer: b) The average of the other two
294. Newlands’ law of octaves is applicable to elements with atomic masses up to:
a) Sodium b) Magnesium c) Calcium d) Chlorine
Answer: c) Calcium
295. Newlands’ law of octaves was rejected because:
a) It was based on atomic number b) It did not include noble gases
c) It could not classify elements heavier than calcium d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
296. Mendeleev’s periodic law states that:
a. Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number
b. Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic mass
c. Properties of elements depend on their electronic configuration
d. Properties of elements depend on their valency
 Answer: b) Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic mass
297. Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table for:
a) Isotopes b) Elements with similar properties c) Undiscovered elements d) Inert gases
Answer: c) Undiscovered elements
298. The element Mendeleev predicted as eka-silicon was later identified as:
a) Germanium b) Gallium c) Scandium d) Indium
Answer: a) Germanium
299. A major defect of Mendeleev’s periodic table was:
a) Position of isotopes b) Position of hydrogen
c) Anomalous pairs like Argon and Potassium d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
300. Mendeleev grouped elements in:
a) 7 groups and 18 periods b) 8 groups and 6 periods
c) 18 groups and 7 periods d) 6 groups and 8
periods Answer: b) 8 groups and 6 periods
301. The modern periodic table is based on:
a) Atomic mass b) Atomic number c) Electron configuration d) Isotopic mass
Answer: b) Atomic number
302. The total number of periods in the modern periodic table
is: a) 7 b) 8 c) 6 d) 18
Answer: a) 7
303. Which group in the modern periodic table contains noble gases?
a) Group 1 b) Group 7 c) Group 17 d) Group 18
Answer: d) Group 18
304. Which of the following is a transition element?
a) Sodium b) Copper c) Argon d) Chlorine
Answer: b) Copper
305. The lanthanoids and actinoids are collectively called:
a) Main group elements b) Transition elements
c) Inner transition elements d) Halogens
Answer: c) Inner transition elements
306. Across a period in the periodic table, atomic size:
a) Increases b) Decreases
 c) Remains constant d) First increases, then
decreases Answer: b) Decreases
307. Down a group in the periodic table, metallic character:
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Remains constant d) First decreases, then
increases Answer: a) Increases
308. Which group contains the most reactive metals?
a) Group 1 b) Group 2 c) Group 16 d) Group 17
Answer: a) Group 1
309. The non-metallic character across a period:
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Remains constant d) First increases, then
decreases Answer: a) Increases
310. Atomic size increases down a group because:
a) The number of protons decreases b) The number of neutrons increases
c) New shells are added d) Electrons are
removed Answer: c) New shells are added
311. The most electronegative element in the periodic table is:
a) Fluorine b) Oxygen c) Chlorine d) Nitrogen
Answer: a) Fluorine
312. Which of the following has the smallest atomic radius?
a) Lithium b) Beryllium c) Boron d) Fluorine
Answer: d) Fluorine
313. The ability of an atom to lose electrons is called:
a) Electronegativity b) Ionization energy c) Metallic character d) Electron
affinity Answer: c) Metallic character
314. The inert gases are chemically unreactive because:
a) They have incomplete outer shells b) Their outer shells are fully filled
c) They are metals d) Their atomic radii are
small Answer: b) Their outer shells are fully filled
315. Down the group, the ionization energy:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) First increases, then
decreases Answer: b) Decreases
316. In a period, the element with the highest ionization energy is likely to be:
a) An alkali metal b) A noble gas c) A transition metal d) A halogen
Answer: b) A noble gas
317. The metallic character of elements decreases across a period because:
a) Atomic number decreases b) Nuclear charge increases
c) Atomic size increases d) New shells are added
Answer: b) Nuclear charge increases
318. Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are called:
a) Halogens b) Noble gases c) Alkali metals d) Alkaline earth
metals Answer: c) Alkali metals
319. Metalloids have properties of:
a) Metals only b) Non-metals only c) Both metals and non-metals d) Gases
Answer: c) Both metals and non-metals
320. Which of the following is a non-metal?
a) Sodium b) Magnesium c) Sulfur d) Iron
Answer: c) Sulfur
321. Chlorine belongs to which group in the periodic table?
a) Group 16 b) Group 17 c) Group 18 d) Group 15
Answer: b) Group 17
322. Which of these elements is a metalloid?
a) Boron b) Fluorine c) Calcium d) Carbon
Answer: a) Boron
323. A characteristic property of metals is that they:
a) Are brittle b) Are good conductors of electricity
c) Have low melting points d) Are poor conductors of
heat Answer: b) Are good conductors of electricity
324. Transition elements are located in:
a) Groups 1 and 2 b) Groups 3 to 12 c) Groups 13 to 18 d) Group
18 Answer: b) Groups 3 to 12
325. The lanthanoids and actinoids are placed separately in the periodic table because:
a) They are all radioactive b) They are rare gases
c) They have similar properties d) Their atomic radii are the
smallest Answer: c) They have similar properties
326. Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same:
a) Atomic number b) Number of protons
c) Number of valence electrons d) Number of shells
Answer: c) Number of valence electrons
327. Which group is known as the halogen group?
a) Group 14 b) Group 16 c) Group 17 d) Group 18
Answer: c) Group 17
328. The elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71 are called:
a) Actinoids b) Lanthanoids c) Alkali metals d) Alkaline earth
metals Answer: b) Lanthanoids
329. The reactivity of alkali metals:
a) Increases down the group b) Decreases down the group
c) Remains constant d) Increases and then
decreases Answer: a) Increases down the group
330. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of:
a) Increasing atomic mass b) Increasing atomic number
c) Decreasing atomic mass d) Decreasing atomic
number Answer: b) Increasing atomic number
331. In Group 17, as you move down the group, the elements:
a) Become more reactive b) Become less reactive
c) Have increasing ionization energy d) Have decreasing atomic
radii Answer: b) Become less reactive
332. The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to:
a) Add an electron to an atom b) Remove an electron from an atom
c) Excite an atom to a higher energy level d) Combine two atoms into a
molecule Answer: b) Remove an electron from an atom
333. Noble gases are found in:
a) Group 16 b) Group 18 c) Group 1 d) Group
2 Answer: b) Group 18
334. Which electronic configuration represents a noble gas?
a) 2, 8 b) 2, 8, 8 c) 2, 8, 18, 8 d) All of the
above Answer: d) All of the above
335. What is the octet rule?
 a. Atoms combine to complete 8 protons in their nucleus.
b. Atoms combine to complete 8 neutrons in their nucleus.
c. Atoms combine to achieve 8 electrons in their outermost shell.
d. Atoms combine to achieve 8 molecules in a compound.

Answer: c) Atoms combine to achieve 8 electrons in their outermost shell.

336. What is the taste of acids according to early observations?

a) Sweet b) Sour c) Bitter d) Salty
Answer: b) Sour
337. Which ion is furnished by acids when dissolved in water?
a) Hydroxide ions (OH⁻) b) Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
c) Sodium ions (Na⁺) d) Ammonium ions
(NH₄⁺) Answer: b) Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
338. Why are noble gases generally unreactive?
a) They have high atomic mass. b) They have eight electrons in their outermost shell.
c) They are composed of single atoms. d) They do not conduct
electricity. Answer: b) They have eight electrons in their outermost shell.
339. What is the type of bond formed by the transfer of electrons?
a) Covalent bond b) Ionic bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen
bond Answer: b) Ionic bond
340. What type of ions does sodium form when it reacts with chlorine?
a) Negative ions (anions) b) Positive ions (cations)
c) Neutral molecules d) None of the
above Answer: b) Positive ions (cations)
341. Which force holds the ions together in an ionic bond?
a) Gravitational force b) Magnetic force c) Electrostatic force d) Nuclear
force Answer: c) Electrostatic force
342. What is the correct formula of magnesium oxide?
a) MgO b) Mg₂O c) MgO₂ d) Mg₂O₃
Answer: a) MgO
343. Ionic compounds generally have:
a) High melting and boiling points b) Low melting and boiling points
c) No melting point d) Variable melting and boiling points
 Answer: a) High melting and boiling points
344. Which property explains why ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state but not in
solid state?
a) Ions are fixed in place in the solid state. b) Ions are mobile in the molten state.
c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b
345. What type of bond is formed in a molecule of H₂?
a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen
bond Answer: b) Covalent bond
346. What is a substance that furnishes hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water called?
a) Acid b) Base c) Salt d) Neutral
compound Answer: b) Base
347. Which indicator turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions?
a) Phenolphthalein b) Methyl orange c) Litmus d) Bromothymol
blue Answer: c) Litmus
348. What gas is evolved when an acid reacts with a metal?
a) Oxygen b) Hydrogen c) Carbon dioxide d) Chlorine
Answer: b) Hydrogen
349. What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water?
a) Lime water turns milky. b) Lime water turns red.
c) Lime water turns blue. d) Lime water remains
unchanged. Answer: a) Lime water turns milky.
350. What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
a) 0 b) 7 c) 14 d) 10
Answer: b) 7
351. Which of the following acids is strong?
a) Acetic acid b) Hydrochloric acid c) Lactic acid d) Tartaric
acid Answer: b) Hydrochloric acid
352. What is the importance of pH in the human body?
a) It determines blood sugar levels. b) It helps maintain biochemical processes.
c) It determines oxygen levels. d) It prevents hair
loss. Answer: b) It helps maintain biochemical processes.
353. What is the product when an acid reacts with a base?
 a) Salt only b) Salt and water c) Hydrogen gas d) No reaction
Answer: b) Salt and water
354. Bleaching powder is an example of a:
a) Base b) Salt c) Acid d) Neutral
substance Answer: b) Salt
355. What happens when two chlorine atoms share a pair of electrons?
a) An ionic bond is formed. b) A covalent bond is formed.
c) A metallic bond is formed. d) No bond is
formed. Answer: b) A covalent bond is formed.
356. Which molecule contains a triple bond?
a) H₂ b) O₂ c) N₂ d) Cl₂
Answer: c) N₂
357. What type of bond is present in water (H₂O)?
a) Ionic bond b) Double covalent bond c) Single covalent bond
d) Triple covalent bond
Answer: c) Single covalent bond
358. Which of the following is a property of covalent compounds?
a) High melting point b) Conduct electricity in solid state
c) Soluble in organic solvents d) Strong electrostatic
attraction Answer: c) Soluble in organic solvents
359. Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?
a) Sodium chloride b) Ethanol c) Benzene d) Ammonium
hydroxide
Answer: c) Benzene
360. What is the bond angle in a molecule of methane
(CH₄)? a) 180° b) 120° c) 109.5° d) 90°
Answer: c) 109.5°
361. In the Lewis dot structure of ammonia (NH₃), how many lone pairs of electrons are present on
the nitrogen atom?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0
Answer: a) 1
362. The bonding in methane (CH₄) can be best described as:
a) Ionic b) Polar covalent c) Non-polar covalent d) Metallic
 Answer: c) Non-polar covalent
363. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
a) They are composed of neutral molecules. b) They have weak bonds.
c) Strong electrostatic forces between ions. d) High kinetic energy of
ions. Answer: c) Strong electrostatic forces between ions.
364. Which of the following represents a double bond?
a) O=O b) H–H c) N≡N d) Cl–Cl
Answer: a) O=O
365. Which of the following substances can act as a natural indicator?
a) Turmeric b) Vinegar c) Bleach d) Baking soda
Answer: a) Turmeric
366. What will be the pH of a strong base like sodium hydroxide?
a) Below 7 b) 7 c) Above 7 d) Exactly
14 Answer: c) Above 7
367. Which of the following acids is present in vinegar?
a) Citric acid b) Acetic acid c) Hydrochloric acid d) Lactic acid
Answer: b) Acetic acid
368. When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, which gas is released?
a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Nitrogen
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
369. Which indicator turns pink in a basic solution?
a) Litmus b) Methyl orange c) Phenolphthalein d) Universal
indicator Answer: c) Phenolphthalein
370. What is the chemical formula of baking soda?
a) Na₂CO₃ b) NaCl c) NaHCO₃ d) NaOH
Answer: c) NaHCO₃
371. Which of the following salts is acidic in nature?
a) Sodium chloride b) Ammonium chloride
c) Sodium carbonate d) Potassium
hydroxide Answer: b) Ammonium chloride
372. What happens when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed in equivalent amounts?
a) The solution becomes strongly acidic. b) The solution becomes strongly basic.
c) The solution becomes neutral. d) No reaction occurs.
 Answer: c) The solution becomes neutral.
373. Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in the molten state but not in the solid state?
a) Ions are fixed in place in the solid state. b) Ions are mobile in the molten state.
c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b
374. What type of bond is formed in a molecule of H₂?
a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen
bond Answer: b) Covalent bond