Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following characteristics of life suggests that a cell is the smallest functional
unit in multicellular organisms? A,A

a) organisms are organized

b) organisms are homeostatic
c) organisms grow and develop
d) organisms respond to stimuli

2. Which of the following sequences places the levels of biological organization from
simplest to most complex? D,D

a) atom → cell → organ → tissue

b) cell - organ - organ system - tissue
c) tissue → molecule→ organ → organ system
d) molecule - tissue → organ- organ system

3. Use the diagram above to answer the next question.

Which of the following descriptions is a function of this molecule?

a) provides structural support in cell walls

b) provides immediate energy for animals
c) provides structural support in cell membranes
d) provides long-term energy storage for animals

4. Which of the following elements are found in all organic molecules? B,B

a) carbon and nitrogen

b) carbon and hydrogen
c) sodium and chlorine
d) phosphorus and nitrogen

5. Use the diagram above to answer the nest question.

If the bottom chain of carbon was replaced with a phosphate group, this would result in

a) Steroid
b) glycogen
c) Phospholipid.
d) deoxyribonucleic acid.
6. Which of the following statements explains why a neutral fat is insoluble in water? B,B

a) A neutral fat will dissociate into ions when placed in water.

b) A neutral fat is a non-polar molecule, while water is polar molecule.
c) A neutral fat is a polar molecule, while water is non-polar molecule.
d) Both neutral fat will break down water in hydrogen and oxygen ions.

7. Secretory vesicles are produced at the: A,A

a) Golgi body.
b) Mitochondrion.
c) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
d) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

8. Which of the following organelles produces transport vesicles: D

I Golgi Body

II Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

III Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

a) I and Il oniy
b) I and IlI oniy
c) II and IlI oniy
d) I,II,III

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9. Use the diagram above to answer the next question: Which cell structure produces carbon
dioxide?

10: use diagram, Which of the following types of molecules are synthesised at structure O?

a) ATP
b) neutral fats
c) nucleotides
d) polypeptide chains
11. 11. Use the diagram above to answer the next question.
Where is rRNA produced?
a) Structure 1
b) Structure 10
c) Structure 11
d) Structure 12

12. Use the diagram above to answer the next question.

Which of the following sequences lists the correct order of cell structures that a protein
hormone passes through before exocytosis
a) 2, 1,9,4
b) 2,11.9.4
c) 6,1,2,9
d) 6. 8.5.4

13. Use the diagram above to answer the next question.

What type of molecules are synthesized at structure 2
a) Lipids
b) Proteins
c) Steroids
d) Nucleic acids
Mitochondria****

14. Use diagram above, what is the chemical reaction that occurs in this organelle? D<D

a) X
b) X
c) X
d) C6H12O6 + o2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

Chloroplast****

15. Use diagram above, the function of this organelle is to? DD

a) Detoxify alcohol
b) Convert glucose into ATP
c) Provide Structural Support for plant cells
d) Convert light energy into chemical energy
Rough er***
16. Use diagram above, where do vesicles produced at this structure move to next? CC

a) Nucleus
b) Centrioles
c) Golgi body
d) Cell membrane

17. Whats the digram above? BB

a) Ribosme
b) Golgi body
c) Rough ER
d) Smooth ER

18. One function of the ribosome is to produce: BB

a) ATP
b) Enzymes
c) Estrogen
d) Cholesterol
19. Where is the genetic material of an organism stored? AA
a) In the nucleus
b) In the ribosome
c) In the centroles
d) In the ER

20.use digram above, the molecule shown above is produced:

a) Golgi body
b) Ribosome
c) Chloroplast
d) Smooth ER

21. Use digram above, what structure have this molecule as part of its composition?
a) Cell wall
b) Ribosome
c) Chloroplast
d) Cell membrane

22. What is the function of the cell wall? BB

a) To store water
b) To provide structural support
c) To transport glucose around the cytoplasm
d) To regulate what molecules enter and leaves the cell
23. Which of the following substances are found in lysosomes? DD
a) Catalase
b) glycoprotein
c) hydrogen peroxide
d) hydrolytic enzymes

24.Which of the following organelles store water. sugars, and salts? AA

a) Vacuoles
b) Chloroplast
c) Ribosome
d) centrioles

25. The semi-fluid medium that organelles float in is called CC

a) the nucleus.
b) Microtubules.
c) the cytoplasm.
d) microfilaments.
26. Use diagram above, what is the function of structure B?
a) To store water
b) To store chlorophylI
c) To capture light energy
d) To produce starch for cell wall

27. Use diagram above, what is the function of structure AC?

a) To produce atp
b) To produce DNA
c) To digest lipids
d) To package and sort proteins

28. Molecules produced at the ribosomnes are polymers of CC

a) Glucose
b) Nucleotides
c) Amino acids
d) Saturated fatty acids

29.which of the following molecules regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane? DD

a) Water molecules
b) A protein with carbohydrate chain
c) A carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid
d) A steroid made up of 4 fused carbon rings
30. Use diagram, which of the following statement describes teh molecule shown above
a) It has polar head and polar tails
b) It has non polar head and polar tails
c) It has a hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
d) It has a hydrophile hear and hydrophobic tail

31.which of the following molecules allows the hydrogen ions to move across the inner
mitochondrial membrane? BB
a) A carrier protein
b) A channel protein
c) A receptor protein
d) A cell recognition protein

32. As a cell gets larger, BB

a) its surlace area-to-volume ratio increases
b) its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases.
c) its surface area increases, while its volume decreases.
d) its surface area decreases, while its volume increases.

33. Which of the following describes what happens when a cell with the dimensions 2 um x 2
um x 2 um increases in size to 4 um x 4 um x 4 um? DD
a) Both its surface area and volume will double.
b) Its surface area will double, while its volume will increase by fourfold.
c) Its volume will double, while its surface area will increase by fourfold.
d) Its surface area will only increase by fourfold, while its volume will increase by
eightfold.
34. What do facilitate and active transport have in common? BB
a) They both need ATP
b) They both repair carrier protein
c) They both involve vessible functi.
d) They both go against the concentration gradient

35. Use diagram above, a leaf was placed in an unknown solution. Upon examining under a
light microscope, a leaf cell appears as shown above. Which of the following statements
explain why the leaf cell appeared this way?

a) Water flowed into the leaf cell because it was placed in a hypotonic solution
b) Water flowed into the leaf cell because it was placed in a hypertonic solution
c) Water flowed out of the leaf cell because it was placed in an isotonic solution
d) Water flowed out of the leaf cell because it was placed ina hypertonic solution

36. Use diagram above, the process shown is:

a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Active transport
d) Facilitated transport
37. Use diagram above, the cellular process shown is:
a) Exocytosis
b) Endocytosis
c) Phagocytosis
d) Facilitated transport

38. Which of the following is required when hydrogen ions pass through the cell membrane
against the concentration gradient? AA
a) ATP
b) A vesicle
c) A vacoule
d) A receptor protein

39. Carbon dioxide moves across cell membrane by: BB

a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Active transport
d) Passive transport

40. Some animal cells are placed in a solution with a high salt concentration.
Which of the following indicates the type of solution that the cells are place in and the event
that will result because of is? DD
a) hypotonic solution - cell will swell
b) hypertonic solution - cell will swell
c) hypotonic solution - cell will shrivel
d) hypertonic solution - cell will shrivel
41. Use diagram: A U-tube has a membrane that is only permeable to water separating side
X and Side Y. Side X is filled with a 40% glucose solution and side Y is filled with a 10%
glucose solution.Which of the following statements describes what happens over time? BB

a) there will be a net movement of water from side X to side Y

b) b. there will be a net movement of water from side Y to side X
c) there will be a net movement of glucose from side X to side Y
d) d. there will be a net movement of glucose from side Y to side X

42. Which of the following processes moves substances against the concentration gradient?
CC
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Active transport
d) Facilitated transport

43.Which of the following factors affect the diffusion rate across a cell membrane? DD

I tempreture

II Size of the molecules

III Charge of the molecules

a) I and II only
b) I and III only
c) II, and III only
d) I,II and III
 1. Describe two functions of this molecule

2. Describe how this molecule is structurally similar and different from a natural fat

3. What do proteins and nucleic acids have in common

Proteins and nucleic acids are both polymers made from smaller units—proteins
from amino acids and nucleic acids from nucleotides. They are essential for genetic
information, with nucleic acids storing it and proteins being synthesized based on
that information

4. Which type of organelle would be found in large amounts in metabolically active cells
like sperm and heart muscle cells?
Mitochondria would be found in large amounts in metabolically active cells like sperm and
heart muscle cells because they produce the energy (ATP) required for these cells' high
energy demands. Sperm cells need energy for movement, while heart muscle cells need
energy to maintain constant contractions.

5. Compare and contrast passive transport to active transport

Passive Transport:

● No energy required.
● Substances move from high to low concentration (down the concentration
gradient).
● Examples: Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion.

Active Transport:

● Energy (ATP) required.

 ● Substances move from low to high concentration (against the concentration
gradient).
● Examples: Sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis.

6. Compare and contrast phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Phagocytosis:

● Ingestion of large particles (e.g., bacteria, dead cells).

● The cell extends its membrane to engulf the particle.
● Common in immune cells (e.g., macrophages).

Pinocytosis:

● Ingestion of liquids or small solutes.

● The cell forms small vesicles to take in the fluid.
● Common in most cells for nutrient absorption.

7. Describe how the golgi body, lysosome, vacoule and cell membrane work together

The Golgi body processes and packages proteins and lipids, which are then sent to
lysosomes for breakdown, vacuoles for storage, or the cell membrane for release.