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56 views22 pagesMobScanner - Scan 07-Mar-23-05-30
ht
Uploaded by
chandrasekhar reddyCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 22
tou & vam
oF,
3, The flow rates of hot and cold water streai i
tes on Shh rete T tempers ee el
se ‘and 20°C respectively. The exit foeperatene of hot water is 45°C. If the individual heat transfer
rocicients on both sides ae 650 W/n??C, calculate the area of the heat exchanger.
Solution. Given : 1m, = 0.2 kg/s; m, = 0.5 kg/s; t,, = 75° C; ty, = 45°C; 1, = 20°C; h, = h, =
650 Wim®C.
‘The area of heat exchanger, A :
‘The heat exchanger is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 10.14.
The heat transfer rate, Q = tin, X Cop * (tm — bh)
= 0.2 x 4.187 x (75 — 45) = 25.122 kis
Heat lost by hot water = Heat gained by cold water
Tiny X Cph % (tua — tha) = Me X Cpe % (tea ~ fer)
0.2 x 4.187 x (75 — 45) = 0.5 x 4.187 x (t,. — 20)
& ta =3RC
Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is given by
_ 91-6
™ “in @,/8,)
_ Miyy = ter) = typ = fer)
tn (ty — te Myr ~ 2)
__ (15-20) ~ (45 ~ 32)
~ In ((75 — 20)45 - 32)]
1B
(55/13)
sofEgn. (10.9)]
or, ‘m
= 29.12°C nee :
———— Ay
\d. water —>
1.2200 —> Cold water
pees ae
yodee Te Cae
wie :
56°C > Cad wale | eG
ae eye
(a) Flow arrangement
ee
Area/Length —>
(b) Temperature distribution
Fig. 10.14, Parallel flow heat exchanger.
Overall heat transfer coefficient U is calculated from the relation,
122 x 1000 3
= 2.66 m’
or, U®, 325x29.12 (Ans)
J Example 10.4, The following data relate to a parallel flow heat exchanger in which cir i
heated by hot exhaust gases.
Heat transferred per hour 2 AS5450 KE
Inside heat iransfer coefficient -.120 Wim?C
Outside heat transfer coefficient 19S Wim? :
Inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot fluid 450°C and 250°C, respective)
{Inlet and outlet temperatures of the cold fluid 60°C and 120°C, respe'
Inside and outside diameters of the tube --50 mm and 60 mm,
ie
Calculate the length of the tube required forthe necessary heat transfer to occur. Nesle!
tube resistance. a
24500:
Solution. Given: Q = 155450 kW/h; h.
= 120 Wim2°C; 4, = 195 Whm??Ci ty,
fia = 250°C; t= 60°C: 1,3 = 120°C; 4 = ¢
0 mm = 0.05m; d,= 60 mm = 0.06 in. dest tubes Et
spanmic mean eemperature difference (LMTD) is given by
ve Bere! Gy fet) ~ (typ ~f.3)
O82) In ly ~ ta tya ta)
= £450 = 60) - (250-120) 390-130
* In (450 — 60/050 [bon = ees =
In [(450 - 60/250 ~ 120] ~ in (29071 B02 6.66°C
1» overall heat transfer coefficient, U is given by
5 U = 66.09 Win?C
ual heat transfer rate is given by
Q=UAG, = Ux (nd, L) x0,
Is
L= Q = 155450 1000/3600) _ 14 6 m4 des
Xd, XO, 60.09 X 1 x 0.06 x 236.66
Example 10.5. A hot fluid at 200°C enters a heat exchanger at a mass flow rate of 10" ke’. Its
fic heat is 2000 J/kg K. It is to be cooled by another fluid entering at 25°C with a mass flow rate
2Wkg/h and specific heat 400 J/kg K. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside area of
250 Wm? K. Find the exit temperauure of the hot fluid when the fluids are in parallel flow.
Mr is 2:
(GATE, 1998)
_ _ 10000
Solution. Given : Sa = 200°C; my, "3600 = 2.78 kg/s; Con = 2000 J/kg K; Tq = 25°C;
a “3 694 ke/s; Cue = 400 Ike K; U = 250 Wim? K.
Exit temperature of the hot fluid, 1,, :
Heat lost by the hot fluid, — Q = riyCpy, (ty ~ ta)
= 2.78 x 2000 x (200 — 4,)) = 5560 (200 f,) (i
iat 2oorc
~~ Hot uid
|
i
t4=25
Fig. 10.15.
.694 x 400 (7,2 - 25)
= 2776 (ty ~ 25)
Heat gained by the cold fluid, Ga
Equating (i) and (ii), we have
5560 (200 — 1,3) = 277.6 (9-25) =O
_ $360 (299 — 42) + 25 = 4025 - 201,
or, ta = 277.6
Also, heat transferred is given by, “hi
Q = VAG,
8, - %
Op oon ay
where, «= in (6/83)
ers 8, = tyr te = 200 25 = 175°C; and 8, = t,.~ 1.5
_15= asta)
Bn = 173
no
tha tea
alues in the above equation, we get
175 = (tha = fea)
= oo a
Q = 250x 20 [ ie .
Inf ———— )
Substituting the vi
a = hea
tues of fy from (ii) in (ty), we get
175 = {tq — (4025 — 20t,>)}
= DIS rel baas Ree Tn2eh,
Q = 250 x 20 7
Substituting the val
yg — (4025 — 2082)
175 - (hyo << + 20t,2) = 5000 175 — 2 yy ~ 4025)
= 5000
In
In
aoa jit 175
(ij 4025 + 20,2) 21 typ — 4025 Ai)
Equating (i) and (), we get
175 — (21% — 4025)
5560 (200 — f,) = 5000 475 2h tao ie
fy ea eee
2a - 4025
Using hit and trial method, the value of f,, may be found out.
Example 10.6. Jn a certain double pipe heat exchanger hot water flows at
and gets cooled from 95°C to 65°C. At the same time 50000 ke/h of cooling wate
heat exchanger. The flow conditions are such that overall heat transfer coefficient sie
at 2270 Win? K. Determine the heat transfer area required and the effectiveness, assurnins be
streams are in parallel flow. Assume for the both the streams c, = 4.2 Kikg K. 3ATE, |
a rate of S000 keh
rat 30°C enters
remains consti!
50000
Solution. Given: nig = SE = 13.89 kels ty = 95°C: to = Gant
50000 13.89 kp/s; 4, = 30°C; U = 2270 Wan’ Ks
oh
Q = Heat lost by hot wa
= 6, = 4.2 ki/kg or 4200 J/kg K.
= Heat gained by cold water
My Cop ® (yy ~ ty) = mr, Cpe % Ulea = bot)
of, 13.89 x 4200 x (95 - 65) = 13.89 x 4200 x (t., ~ 30)
fg = 60°C LT ee SER
Length ——>
Fig. 10.16, Parallel-flow heat-exchanger.
Log mean temperature difference,
iurp, @,, = ©. =%)
In (0,/8>)
_ (ty = ta) = Mtg = tea)
_ (95 — 30) ~ (65 - 60)
w( )
Also,
or, 13,89 x 4200 x (95-65) = 2270 x A x 23.4
Heat transfer area, A = 32.95 m?(Ans.)
Aso, Qucruat = Pty Eph (tna — fx2) ANE Orne = Me Cpe Mtn = fer
Effectiveness of the heat exchanger,
Queruat _ THE vr (ty) = th) _ 95 - 65
© Ona Mate Ou fads 9S=30
ak Bint Saw nidrashle mawallel Adushantwechiwnae
= 0.461 (Ans.) + Example 10.8. In a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger, water is heated from 25°»
65°C by an oil with a specific heat of 1.45 ki/kg K and mass flow rate of 0.9 kg/s. The oils ced
‘from 230°C to 160°C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 420 W/m**C, calculate the fllvg:
(i) The rate of heat transfer,
(ii) The mass flow rate of water, and
(iii) The surface area of the hat exchanger.
Solution, Given: ty = 25°C: 1. = 65°C, yy = 1.45 Kiikg K; mi, = 0.9 kels;
fy, = 230°C; fy) = 160°C, U = 420 WimC. he rate of heat transfer, @ ;
6 Pe
Q=m, Xey (ty ~ tia)
2 = 09% (1.45) x (239-160) =9138kJ/s (Ams)
4 ‘The mass flow rate of water, m,:
Heat lost by oll (Hot fluid) = Heat pained by water (cold fluid)
My K Cop * Athy ~ tha) = th, On K (tee = ty)
91.35 = ™. x 4.187 (65 - 25)
: 91.35
Mite pen
noe BTR Taj
fa=6SC qo a
wet + — BC (t,)
=> 160°C (1)
oe = 25°04)
(4) Flow arrangement
(b) Temperature distribution
Fig. 10.17. Counter-flow heat exchnager.
(wi) ‘The surface area of heat exchanger, A :
Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is given by
= %-%
™ “In (8/8,)
ou = fa) = Ur = 8) _ C30~ 65) = 060 = 25)
“in (Gn — fea Mtqp — ta) In ((230 = 659/160 — 25)
165 ~ 135
2 ——~ = 149.5°C
& Ona (065/135)}
Also, Q =UA®,,
ee oe 91.3510" _ 4 46 mm? (Ans.)
Ue, 420x1495 mace moi ~x
Example 10.9. An oil cooler for a lubrication system has 10 cool 1000 kg/h of oy
k/kg°C) from 80°C to 40°C by using a cooling water flow of 1000 kg/h at 30°C. Give Your (ey "20
4 parullel flow or counter-flow heat exchanger, with reasons. Calculate the surface arog <1 fy
exchanger, if the overall heat transfer coefficient is 24 Whn?*C. the heus
Take ¢,, of warer = 4.18 kifkg’C.
Solution. Given : ry = 10 kgs c,y = 2:09 KUMKB°C: Cy. = 4.18 kIkg°C; 1, = 1000
6 3600 Fels;
ty, = 80°C, 1.4 = 30°C: ty = 40°C; U= 24 Wwimn??C. 00
Surface area of heat exchanger, A} é :
Let subscripts h and ¢ stand for hot and cold fluids respectively.
Rate of heat transfer is given by
= Fig Gy Uy Mia) = he» Spe ea ~ fs)
1000 1000
1000 4 — 40) = —— x 4.18 (t,2 - 30)
or, 7 * 209 80 - 40) = 505 2
or, fg = 50°C
Since t,, > t,., counier-flow arrangement must be used.
Again, oe
In (0,/83)
ell =f) Ge = fed.) 60 = 50) = 0 = 3
In [(q) - 22 — 01 In [(80 — 50)7(40 -
oe
| yp = 40°C
To 1 2 20°C
TS Ar begts eo Tse ae
Fig. 10,18.
= 0200 _igxc i
In 30/10) |
Also, Q=UA0, |
1000
360
(2.09 x 10°) (80 ~ 40) = 24 x Ax 18,2
or, A ~ 1000 x (2.09 x10") x (80 - 40) 5
3600 x 241 7 $36 m? (Ans.) 7 ple 1011. counter flow double pipe heat exchanger using sierheated
water at the rate of 10500 kg/h. The eae heared
" The inlet and exit temperatures of water are 30°C and 80°C respectively. esate
roaercoeficien from steam 10 waters 814 Wm?°C, calculate the heat transfer area. What would
Pip increase in aren ifthe fluid flows were parallel?
Solution. Given = tity (= me) = at = 2.917 kpfs; ty) = 180°C; thy = 130°C: #,, = 30°C:
1,280"; U= 814 Wim?C,
© (i) When the flow is counter :
8, =
in (8,/8)
Inthis 0, = 0 = 8, =100C
1, 180°C
Hour Nui
6,=100°C-4 (team)
y= 80°C ka
4 Pig
“4 Grater) 6,=100'
The heat transfer = neve
= UAB, or, IX Gye X (leg~ bey) = UAB,
or, 2.917 x 4.187 x 10° x (80 - 30) = 814 x A x 100
2.917 x 4.187 x 10° (80 — 30)
oe 814 x 100 = 7S m? ;
i is parallel Ana,
(ii), When the flow is pal WO) Wma Gaas
"Tn 8) ign ~ Ets “a
ic = 030-80) 159 _
— 30)/(130 ~ 80)) ~ In (30759, 51%
Again, Q=UA8,
or, 2.917 x (4.187 x 10°) x (80 - 30) = 814A x91
24-75
uctsais fares S VS = 0.0987 or 9.87%
Example 10.12. 4 counter-flow heat exchanger, through which Passes 12.5
: Fs of air ty py
cooled from 540°C 10 146°C, contains 4200 tubes, each having a diameter of 30 mma. The inter
‘outlet temperatures of cooling water are 25°C and 75°C respectively. If the water Se
: 5 : ; 7 side resistance 1
Flow is negligible, calculate the tube length required for this duty.
For turbulent flow inside tubes: Nu = 0.023 Re®® py94
Properties of the air at the average temperature are as follows :
P = 1.009 kg/m’; c, = 1.0082 ki/kg°C: w=
and k = 3.003 x 10-2 W/m°C,
Solution. Given : my, = 12.5 kp/s, ¢,
d=30 mm=0.03 m.
‘Tube length, L:
Reynolds number, Ro = 2V 4
H
Mass flow m = NA Vp. therefore, gfe oh,
(Ans,)
2.075 x 10~> kg/ms (Ns/m?) 7
in = 540°C tha = 146°C: 12, = 25°C; 1 = 75°C; N= 40m,
m
Vee
p NA
md 12.5 x 0.03
Re= = a = 6087.4
4200 x 7% (0.03)? x 2.075 x 107
Prandtl number, Py = “ = 2075 x10 x 1.0082 x10? _ 0.6966
3.003 x 10?
Nusselt number, Ny = td
0.023 Re?® ppo4
= 0.023 x (6087.4)"* (0,6966)94 = 21.2
k 3 2
hat 3003x107 21.2 =21.22 Wim?°C
0.03
Since the water side resistance to flow is negligible
Ape
3 oF U = 21.22 Wim?°C : temperature difference (LMTD) is given by
oe ea 8, - 8
1 eee ee
™ In (6/02)
2 Mas fa Ng 5 fas) £540 = 15) = 146 = BY
In [yy ~ t.2qr = t)] In ((540 - 75)/(146 - 25)
2 A65 = 121): = 3,
“in 465712 SS
ae, the Fe of heat transfer,
athe
Q & tit, X Cy, ¥ (ty ~ ty) = VAD, = Ux (Nd L) x0,
tiny, X Cph ha = tn) _ 12.5 x (1.0082 x 103) x (540 146)
oF e = (Ans.)
b=" UXNnd x8, 2122 x 200xnx00ax2555 T™
sample 10.13, Steam enters a counter-flow heat exchanger, dry saturated at 10 bar and leaves
C. The mass flow of steam is 800 ke/min. The gas enters the heat exchanger at 650°C and
a fow rate is 1350 ke/min. If the tubes are 30 mm diameter and 3 m long, determine the number
Mobes required. Neglect the resistance offered by metallic tubes. Use the following data :
For steam t,,, = 180°C (at 10 bar); yp = 2.71 kifkg?C; h, = 600 Wihm?C
For gas: Cg = 1 kI/kg°C; h, = 250 Win??C,
. _ 800
Solution. Given : rit, = ri, =~ = 13.33 kgls; my = ri, = 1990 = 22.5 kis: t,, = 650°C:
60. e Me BO. ad
1, hg) = 180°C: fy = 350°C; d= 30 mm = 0.03 m; L = 3 m.
"Number of tubes required, N:
Heat lost by gases = Heat gained by steam
ot,
(PUL)
ay, X oh (yy ty) = te Cyc % (eg — ty)
22.5 x 1 x (650 ~ t,3) = 13.33 x 2.71 x (350 — 180)
17 650°C => — > Gas
12= 350°C 4— 4— Steam <— <— 1, (180°C)
y=5rc => > Gs SS SS ATO
| (a) Flow arrangement
ty, = 650°C |
1. = 350°C
S
&
e
tha = 377°C)
Plz
i
1,, © 180°C)
\
|
Area —>
(b) Temperature distribution
Fig. 10.21. Counter-flow heat exchanger. asd,=d, ~-(given)
hg Xe _ 250% 600 _ 1965 Wim?°C
te U= h, +h, 250+
Total heat transfer rate is a oe rts fi)
dDe 0.03 x 3 = 0.2827 N m’
A=Nx(ndL)=NXOX
where,
Q = 225 x (1x 10°) x (650 ~ 377) = 6142.5 x 109 W
8 = 8, _ (ty = bea) = (yp — fer)
In (8/8) In [(tyy — fea Myo — te)
(650 — 350) - (377 - 180) 300 - 197
In ((650 - 300)(377 - 180)} In (300/197)
Substituting the valves in eqn. (i), we get
6142.5 x 105 = 176.5 x 0,2827 N x 244.9
244.9°C
3
& ne Oey ane (Ans.)
: 176.5 x 0.2827 x 244,9
Example 10.14. In a shell and tube counter flow heat exchanger water Slows through a copper
tube 20 mm ID, (internal diameter) and 23 mm O.D. (outer diameter), while oil flows through the
eth it at 30°C, while oil enters at 75°C and comes out at 60°C.
film coefficients are 4500 and 1250 Wimec respectively, The thermal
@) The heat transfer rate.
Solution. Given :
4, = 20mm =0.02 m; d,
hy = 78°C: 4, =
=23 mm = 0,023 m; 1s
= 4500 W/m?2°¢; h, = 1250
0004; R,, = 0.001; L= 24
0°C; 1, = 30°C;
Wim?C;
m
"Face of inner pipe is given by,
% 1
+ E In Guin) + Ry + ie +» (Eqn. (10.28)
is ing factor)
| ou . [osx (R, stands for fouling
450
(@.0279) | 0.0004 + (0.02372) [eae] +0.001+
[2.555 +464 0.04527 +104 8] = 0.00259 (0, 02/2) J 1250
I
u
0.0
= 3968 Winton
(2) The heat transfer rate, g ; Win?¢ (Ans.)
Area, Acs nity oO
LMTD is given bY,
8 Ee
A 2)
(2) = 27.9%
rate is given bys
‘The heat transfer rate is SP ae Je wane,
19350 = U,x x 002 * 30 x 27.9
350 eo
18354 = 348.9 Wim?°C (Ans)
Ui = 70.02 x 30 27.9
rocty of water flowing trough a tube of 22 mm diameter is »
tube heats the water from 15°C to gore" ¥en
uiside surface of the tube |
le film resistance, calculate the olla. x
mes
Bxample 10.18. The ve!
ind steam side
condensing at 150°C on the
Tength of the tube. Neglecting the tube a I
(i) The heat transfer coefficient, and (ii) The length of the tube.
Take the following properties of water at mean temperature :
p = 990 kg/m’; c, = 4 2D kalkg?C, k= 0.5418 Wim? | = 700 x 10° ke/ms,
ne, f
Solution. Given : d= 22 mm = 0.022 m; V= 2 mls, thy = hq = 150°C; t= 15°C.
(i) The heat transfer coefficient, A =
Nu= i = 0.023 (Re) (Pr)
_{Bgn. ( 7-165)]
Steam
pVd _ 990% 2% 0.022
Re=PUO e
H 700x10
= 62228
pr He, _ 20010 x (42x10)
k 0.5418 f= hig = 150°C
= 5.426 ~~ Hot fluid (steam)
ix 0.022 t
05418 i — Gao
= 0.023 x (62228)"8 x (5.426) &