Sample Paper

4 Solved

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POLITICAL SCIENCE
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions: Same instructions as given in Sample Paper 1.

SECTION - A 12 Marks
1. Arrange the following events in chronological (C) First Summit of (III) Tashkent
order and choose the correct option: NAM Agreement
(I) Formation of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh
(D) US-led military (IV) Shimla
(II) Split in the Communist Party of India
organisation Agreement
(III) Establishment of the Election
Commission of India Options:
(IV) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar adopted Buddhism (a) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
Options: (b) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
(a) (II), (I), (IV), (III)
(c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(b) (I), (II), (III), (IV)
(c) (IV), (III), (II), (I) (d) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) 1
(d) (III), (I), (IV), (II) 1
4. The parties who organised the
2. Identify the leader on the basis of given demonstrations against the POSCO plants in
clues: Odisha were:
(I) Full time RSS worker since 1942.
(I) Bharatiya Janata Party
(II) Founder member of the Bharatiya Jana
Singh. (II) Indian National Congress
(III) Initiated the concept of integral (III) Rashtriya Yuva Sangathan
humanism. (IV) Nabanirman Samiti
Options:
Options:
(a) Acharya Narendra Dev
(b) Dr. BR Ambedkar (a) (I) and (III) (b) (III) and (IV)
(c) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya (c) (I) and (IV) (d) (I) and (II) 1
(d) Balraj Mahok 1
3. Match the List I with the List II. 5. In the following question, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
List I List II Reason (R). Choose the appropriate option
(A) Zulfikar Ali (I) NATO as answer.
Bhutto Assertion (A): 
In the elections of 1971,
(B) Lal Bahadur (II) Belgrade Congress had given the slogan
Shastri of garibi hatao.

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 Reason (R): In order to reduce expenditure, (c) The increased role of multinational
the government froze the companies leads to a reduction in the
salaries of its employees. capacity of governments to make
decisions on their own.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A). (d) Globalisation results in the formation
of democratic governments all over the
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not
world. 1
the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. 10. Identify the organ of the United Nations
based on the given information.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.  1
(I) It aimed to bring development and
6. ........................ was the founder and leader security to decolonised countries.
of the Mizo National Front and became the (II) It was suspended on November 1, 1994.
Chief Minister of the newly created state of (III) The last independent country was Palau.
Mizoram.
Options:
(a) Lalkrishna
(a) Social and Economic Council
(b) Laldenga
(b) General Assembly
(c) Angami Zapu Phizo (c) Trusteeship Council
(d) Kazi Dorji Khangsarpa 1 (d) Secretariat 1
7. Identify and write the incorrect pair: 11. Who among the following helped in the
(a) European Union - Treaty of Maastricht unification of Germany and was also blamed
(1992) for the disintegration of the Soviet Union?
(b) ASEAN - Established in 1967 (a) Mikhail Gorbachev (b) Joseph Stalin
(c) NATO - Established in 1951 (c) Nikita Khrushchev (d) Leonid Brezhnev

(d) European Economic Community -  1

Established in 1957 1 12. Given below are two statements:
Statement I:  India’s policy of Non-Alignment
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of during the Cold War allowed it
economic globalisation? to maintain neutrality between
(a) Isolation of economies the two superpowers.
(b) Reduced international trade Statement II: The Non-Alignment Movement
(c) Greater flow of capital across borders (NAM) lost its significance after
the end of the Cold War.
(d) Decrease in the influence of multinational
In light of the above statements, choose
corporations 1
the correct answer from the options given
9. Which of the following sentences is incorrect below:
concerning the political consequences of (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
globalisation? true
(a) Globalisation results in an erosion of state (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
capacity, i.e., the ability of government to false
do what they do. (c) Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is
(b) In place of the welfare state, it is the market false
that becomes the prime determinant of (d) Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II)
economic and social priorities. is true 1

SECTION - B 12 Marks
13. ‘‘China followed its own path in introducing 14. Highlight the final and most immediate
market economy’’. Explain this statement cause for the disintegration of the USSR.
with two suitable arguments. 2  2

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15. What was the primary focus of the First Five 17. Mention any two challenges faced by India
Year Plan in India? 2 from 1964 to 1966 during Lal Bahadur
Shastri’s Prime Ministership. 2
16. Highlight the significance of Bandung 18. The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolise the end
Conference.  2 of the Cold War. Explain the statement. 2

SECTION - C 20 Marks

19. Analyse why an International Organisation OR

Examine the points of differences between
like the UN is important for the world. 4 India and Nepal. 4
20. What assurance did the Maharaja of Manipur 22. Analyse how did Shock Therapy destroy the
want before signing the Instrument of Social Welfare System of Russia.

Accession? What pressurised the Maharaja OR

to hold elections in June 1948? 4 What was Soviet System? Asses any two
features of the Soviet System. 4
21. How was democracy restored in Nepal over
23. Did the prevalence of a ‘one party dominant
monarchy? Describe the role of the Pro- system’ affect adversely the democratic
democracy movement. nature of Indian politics? Explain. 4

SECTION - D 12 Marks
24. Read the passage given below and answer of the information given below and write
the questions that follow. their correct names in your answer book
The ASEAN security community was based along with the respective serial numbers
on the conviction that outstanding territorial of the information used and the concerned
disputes should not escalate into armed alphabets as per the format that follows.
confrontation. By 2003, ASEAN had several (I) The region that became a separate state
agreements in place by which member in 2014.  1
states promised to uphold peace, neutrality, (II) The state related to the concept of ‘Total
cooperation, non-interference and respect Revolution’.  1
for national differences and sovereign rights. (III) The state which has given the maximum
The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which was number of Prime Ministers to India.  1
established in 1994 is the organisation that (IV) The state to which Sardar Vallabhbhai
carries out coordination of security and foreign Patel belonged to.  1
policy.
(A) When was the ASEAN established? INDIA
(a) 1963 (b) 1964
(c) 1966 (d) 1967 1
(B) Which of the following countries is not a
member of the ASEAN? (D)
(A)
(a) Thailand (b) Indonesia (B)a
(c) Malaysia (d) India  1
(C) What were the primary objectives of (C)
ASEAN, particularly regarding economic
growth, social progress, and cultural
development? 2
25. In the given outline political map of India,
four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C)
and (D). Identify these states on the basis

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 (B) Why was the State Reorganisation
Sr. number for Alphabet Name of
Commission established?
the information concerned the states
(a) To reduce the number of states
used
(b) To organise states based on
(I)
administrative ease
(II)
(c) To reorganise states based on
(III) linguistic and cultural identities
(IV) (d) To establish stronger central control
 1
26. Study the given cartoon and answer the
(C) What was the main contribution of
questions that follow.
Potti Sriramulu in the context of state
reorganisation?
(a) Led the movement for linguistic
states
(b) Advocated for the unification of
states
(c) Fought for regional development
(d) Initiated industrial growth in Andhra
Choose the most appropriate option. Pradesh 1
(A) What does the leaders' demand in the (D) On what basis, states were divided
cartoon represent? earlier?
(a) Regional autonomy (a) Economic reforms
(b) Linguistic reorganisation of states (b) British authorities
(c) Power struggle between leaders (c) Princely states
(d) Industrial development 1 (d) Cultural reforms 1

SECTION - E 24 Marks

27. As decided by the member states in 2005, 29. Evaluate the circumstances responsible for
highlight any six steps to make the United the declaration of a state of emergency in
Nations more relevant in the changing India in 1975.
context. OR
OR
Describe any three lessons that were learnt
On what basis does India claim a berth in
from the emergency imposed in 1975. 6
the Security Council of the United Nations as
permanent member? Explain. 6 30. Analyse the factors that led to the
disintegration of the Soviet Union and the
28. Critically analyse the points of differences
subsequent global consequences of this
between India and Bangladesh.
event.
OR OR
Despite the mixed record of democratic The Assam movement was a combination of
experiences, the people of all countries cultural pride and economic backwardness.
of South Asia share the aspirations for Support the statement with six arguments.
democracy. Examine. 6  6

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 ANSWERS
SAMPLE PAPER - 4

SECTION - A
1. (d) (III), (I), (IV), (II)
Related Theory
Explanation: The Election Commission of India  The phrase ‘Garibi Hatao Desh Bachao’, launched by
was established in 1950; Bharatiya Jana Sangh DD Dhar, was also a component of the Fifth FiveYear
was formed in 1951; Dr. BR Ambedkar adopted Plan of India.
Buddhism in 1956 and the Communist Party
6. (b) Laldenga
of India split in 1964.
Explanation: Laldenga was a Mizo separatist
2. (c) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and politician from the northeast Indian state
Explanation: Deen Dayal Upadhyaya was the of Mizoram. He founded the Mizo National
founder member of Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He Front, a social movement that evolved into a
was a full time worker of RSS since 1942. He political party. He was the first Chief Minister
also initiated the concept of integral humanism. of Mizoram as a federal state, serving from
Related Theory 1986 until 1988.
 In the 1940s, Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya founded
7. (c) NATO - Established in 1951
the monthly publication Rashtra Dharma, which
translates as “National Faith”, to preach the beliefs of
Explanation: The North Atlantic Treaty
Hindutva rebirth.
Organisation (NATO) was actually established
in 1949, not in 1951. NATO was formed as a
3. (c) (A)–(IV), (B)–(III), (C)–(II), (D) –(I) military alliance of Western countries during
Explanation: Shimla Agreement was signed the early stages of the Cold War to provide
by the, then, President of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali collective security against the Soviet Union.
Bhutto in 1972; the Tashkent Declaration, also The incorrect date of 1951 makes this pair
called the Tashkent Agreement, an accord incorrect.
signed on January 10, 1966, by India's Prime
8. (c) Greater flow of capital across borders
Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri; the first Summit
of NAM was held in Belgrade; and NATO is the Explanation: Economic globalisation is
US led military organisation. characterised by the increasing interdependence
of world economies, primarily driven by the
4. (b) (III) and (IV) greater flow of capital, goods, and services across
Explanation: Rashtriya Yuva Sangathan borders. This process allows for investments and
and Nabanirman Samiti organised the financial resources to move more freely between
demonstrations against the POSCO plants in countries, fostering economic growth, innovation,
Odisha. and global integration while reducing trade
Related Theory barriers.
 POSCO is the state plant in Odisha. The Odisha
9. (d) Globalisation results in the formation of
government signed a Memorandum of Understanding
democratic governments all over the world.
(MoU) with a Korean company to improve the plant.
However, this resulted in the displacement of many
Explanation: Globalisation results in an erosion
workers at the plant. of state capacity, i.e., by reducing the ability of
government to do what they want to do; in
5. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the place of the welfare state, it is the market that
correct explanation of (A). becomes the prime determinant of economic
Explanation: Shrimati Indira Gandhi coined the and social priorities, and the increased role of
phrase “Garibi Hatao”. The complete phrase MNCs leads to a reduction in the capacity of
was ‘Garibi Hatao Desh Bachao’. governments to take decisions on their own.

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10. (c) Trusteeship Council 11. (a) Mikhail Gorbachev
Explanation: The Trusteeship Council, one of the Explanation: Mikhail Gorbachev was a Soviet
United Nations' primary agencies, was formed and Russian politician who served as the Soviet
to oversee the administration of trust territories Union's eighth and last leader from 1985 until
as they transitioned from colonies to sovereign the country's breakup in 1991. Gorbachev
nations. When Palau, the last of the original 11 initially supported Marxism-Leninism but
trust territories, attained independence in 1994, shifted to social democracy by the early 1990s.
the Council ceased operations. 12. (c) Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false
Explanation: Statement (I) is true because
Related Theory
 The Trusteeship Council is made up of the five India’s Non-Alignment policy during the Cold
permanent members of the Security Council, i.e., War allowed it to maintain neutrality and
China, France, the Russian Federation, the United avoid aligning with either the U.S. or Soviet
Kingdom and the United States. Union blocs. However, Statement (II) is false
Caution because the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM)
 The students must know the aims, date of still holds significance in today's multipolar
establishment/suspension and various other world. It continues to advocate for the interests
information of different organs of UN to answer of developing nations, even though its role has
questions like these. evolved post-Cold War.

SECTION - B
13. China followed its own path in introducing 16. The Bandung Conference was held in the
market economy as: Indonesian city of Bandung. It was founded in
1955. Its primary goal is to consider Afro-Asian
(1) The Chinese avoided shock therapy by
unity. It promotes peace and cooperation
gradually opening their economy.
between African and Asian nations. During
(2) Agriculture privatisation began in 1982, the Cold War, the Bandung Conference and
and industry privatisation followed in its final resolution set the groundwork for the
1998. non-aligned movement. Leaders of emerging
countries banded together to avoid having
(3) Trade barriers were removed only in
to choose sides in the Cold War conflict. The
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) where
movement's initial motivation was to promote
foreign investors could set up business
peace.
enterprises.
17. The problems/challenges faced by India from
(4) In China, the state has played and
1964 to 1966 under the Prime Ministership of
continues to play an important role in
Lal Bahadur Shastri were:
establishing a market economy. (Any two)

(1) Economic crisis caused by the Indo-China
14. The final and most immediate cause of War in 1962 and the Indo-Pak War in 1965.
the USSR’s disintegration was the rise of
nationalism and desire for sovereignty inside (2) Failed monsoons, drought, and a severe
various republics such as Russia and the Baltic food shortage posed a tremendous
Republics (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), obstacle.
Ukraine, Georgia, and others. 18. The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9,
1989, symbolised the end of the Cold War
15. The First Five Year Plan in India aimed to
by marking the unification of East and West
revitalise the agricultural sector, which was
Germany and the collapse of the communist
severely impacted by the partition. The plan bloc. The wall had been a powerful symbol
prioritised investments in dams, irrigation of the division between the capitalist West
projects, and land reforms to boost agricultural and the communist East, and its dismantling
production, ensure food security, and address represented the triumph of democratic ideals
rural poverty, laying the foundation for future and the beginning of a new, unipolar world
economic stability. order.

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 SECTION - C
19. International organisations such as the United OR
Nations are not the answer to all problems, yet Despite their unique ties, India and Nepal have
they are vital because: experienced commercial disagreements in the
past. The Indian government has frequently

(1) They assist in concerns of war and
expressed its concern with Nepal's cordial
peace. Aid in the peaceful resolution of
connection with China, as well as with the
international disputes.
Nepal government's inaction against anti-
(2) The countries show a willingness to work Indian groups. Given the rise of Naxalite cells
together to improve living circumstances in numerous Indian states ranging from Bihar
for everybody. As a result, it assists in the north to Andhra Pradesh in the south,
member nations in reaching an agreeable Indian security authorities consider the Maoist
settlement to their remaining issues. movement in Nepal as a major security danger.
Many Nepalese authorities and citizens believe
(3) Promote and protect human rights globally.
that the Indian government meddles in its
(4) The United Nations manages relief efforts domestic affairs, has ambitions on its river
in situations where national authorities are waters and hydropower, and inhibits Nepal, a
overburdened. landlocked country, from gaining easier access
to the sea through Indian Territory.
20. Just a few days before gaining independence,
the Maharaja of Manipur, Bodhachandra 22. (1) The 'Shock Therapy' model of transition
Singh, signed the Instrument of Accession from an authoritarian socialism to a
with the Indian government, promising to democratic capitalist economy in Russia,
protect Manipur's internal autonomy. Under Central Asia, and East Europe was
public pressure, the Maharaja of Manipur held influenced by the World Bank and the IMF.
elections in June 1948, and the state became a It also meant the dissolution of existing
constitutional monarchy. As a result, Manipur commercial ties among Soviet bloc
was the first state in India to hold a universal countries.
adult franchise election. (2) It destroyed economies and devastated
the people of the entire region.
21. For many years, Nepal was a constitutional
(3) The Russian ‘Ruble’ dropped drastically in
monarchy in the contemporary age.
value. Because of the high rate of inflation,
Throughout this period, political groups and
people lost all of their money.
ordinary citizens sought to build democracy,
but the king maintained complete authority (4) The government cut subsidies, forcing a
substantial number of people into poverty.
with the support of the army and limited
the spread of democracy. The king adopted (5) The middle classes were pushed to the
a new democratic constitution in 1990 as a margins of society and the development of
result of the pro-democracy movement, but democratic institutions was not accorded
the parliament was abolished again in 2007 the same attention and priority as the
as a result of a triangle dispute between needs of economic revolution.
monarchists, democrats, and Maoists. A great (6) Russia began to recover in 2000, ten years
pro-democracy protest took occurred across after their independence. The export of
the country, resulting in the first major triumph natural resources such as oil, natural gas,
that forced the king to re-establish the House of and minerals was the catalyst for the
Representatives. However, Nepal's democratic resurgence.
transition is almost complete. It has undergone OR
a unique moment in its history as it formed a The Soviet System was implemented in Russia
constituent assembly to draft its constitution. following the 1917 Socialist Revolution. It was
In 2008, Nepal become a democratic republic founded on the principles of equitable society
after abolishing the monarchy and in 2015, it and state-controlled economic planning. It
adopted the new constitution. prioritised the state and the party's institution.

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 Some of the features of the Soviet System are: aspect of Indian politics since the Congress
(1) The Soviet state guaranteed an average party's dominance in India did not compromise
quality of life for all citizens, and the democracy.
government financed necessities such as
(1) Congress's pivotal involvement in the
health care, daycare, and other welfare freedom movement provided it an
programmes. advantage over others.
(2) It had a comprehensive communications

(2) To strengthen democracy, the Congress
network, massive energy resources
accommodated diverse interests, religion,
such as oil, iron and steel, machinery
views, and aspirations.
manufacturing, and an efficient
transportation industry that connected its
(3) Despite the absence of free and fair
most remote places. elections, Congress has repeatedly won
(3) It had a domestic consumer industry that elections in the same manner.
produced everything, however its quality
(4) The Congress party was divided into
lagged behind that of western capitalist factions based on ideological differences
countries. that never taught together or left Congress.
(4) There was no unemployment, and the
(5) Thus, based on the aforementioned
Soviet state owned and controlled the criteria, it is possible to conclude that
dominating element. (Any two) Congress advanced democratic values
23. The pre-dominance of a one-party system while maintaining the country's unity and
had no negative impact on the democratic integrity.

SECTION - D
24. (A) (d) 1967 states based on linguistic lines. This was a
Explanation: The Association of Southeast significant demand post-independence, as
Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was founded regions wanted states to be formed where
on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok, Thailand, people shared the same language, leading
with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration to the formation of states like Andhra
(Bangkok Declaration). Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra.
(B) (d) India
(B) (c) To reorganise states based on linguistic
Explanation: On August 8, 1967,
and cultural identities
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand formed ASEAN. It Explanation: The State Reorganisation
is headquartered in Jakarta. Commission was established in 1953
(C) According to the ASEAN Declaration, the to address the demands for linguistic
Association’s goals and objectives were reorganisation of states. It was tasked with
to accelerate regional economic growth, studying the feasibility of reorganising
social progress, and cultural development; India's states along linguistic and cultural
and to promote regional peace and lines to ensure administrative efficiency
stability through ongoing respect for and respect for regional identities.
justice and the rule of law in regional
relationships and adherence to the (C) (a) Led the movement for linguistic states
principles of the United Nations Charter. Explanation: Potti Sriramulu’s fast unto
death for a separate Andhra state based
25. Sr. number Alphabet Name of the
on linguistic identity played a pivotal role
for the concerned states
information in the formation of Andhra Pradesh. His
used sacrifice was a turning point that convinced
the government to create states based on
(I) (C) Telangana linguistic considerations.
(II) (A) Bihar (D) (b) British authorities
(III) (D) Uttar Pradesh Explanation: Earlier, before the
independence, India was divided
(IV) (B) Gujarat
according to the British authorities. After
26. (A) (b) Linguistic reorganisation of states the independence, government didn't
Explanation: The leaders in the cartoon want to reorganise the country, feeling it
are demanding the reorganisation of unnecessary, but faced protests.

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 SECTION - E
27. The United Nations (UN) celebrated its 60th government is dissatisfied with Bangladesh's
anniversary in September 2005, and leaders refusal to accept illegal immigration into
agreed to make it more relevant in the changing India, its support for anti-Indian Islamic
circumstances by taking the following steps: fundamentalist groups, its refusal to allow
Indian troops to move through its territory to

(1) Establishment of a Peace-building
north eastern India, and its refusal to export
Commission. natural gas to India or allow Myanmar to do so

(2) Acceptance of the international community's through its territory. Bangladesh governments
obligation in the event that national have complained that India acts like a regional
governments fail to safeguard their own bully when it comes to sharing river flows,
citizens from atrocities. supporting insurrection in the Chittagong Hill
Tracts, attempting to extract natural gas, and

(3) Establishment of a Human Rights Council
being unfair in trade. For a long time, the two
(which has been in operation since June 19, countries were unable to settle their boundary
2006). issue as well.

(4) Commitments to meet the Millennium OR
Development Goals (MDGs).
South Asians increasingly prefer democracy.

(5) Terrorism in all of its forms and expressions According to the findings of a survey, all five
is condemned. countries in the South Asian region support

(6) Establishment of a Democracy Fund. democracy. People of various religions, regular
folks, rich and poor alike, all support the

(7) A decision to dissolve the Trusteeship
concept of democracy. For example,
Council. (Any six)
(1) Nepal has transitioned from monarchy to
OR democracy.
The basis on which India claims a berth in the (2) Since their independence from the British,
Security Council of the United Nations (UN) as Sri Lanka and India have effectively run
a permanent member are: democratic systems.
(1) India is also the world’s largest democracy. (3) Bhutan went from monarchy to democracy.
(2) India is the second most populous country (4) Maldives transitioned from a sultanate to
a republic with a presidential form and a
in the world comprising almost one-fifth of
multi-party system.
the world population.
As a result, despite a patchy record of
(3) India has participated in virtually all of the
democratic experience, the people of all South
initiatives of the UN. Asian countries share democratic aspirations.
(4) India’s role in the UN’s peace-keeping
29. India's situation was deteriorating due to the
efforts is a long and substantial one.
following reasons cited by the government
(5) India’s economic emergence on the world for declaring an emergency:
stage is another factor. (1) Opposition parties refused to let the ruling
(6) India has also made regular financial party govern the country democratically.
contributions to the UN and never faltered (2) Fragmentation, protests, and collective
on its payments. action were harmful to democracy.
India is aware that permanent membership
(3) Constant extra-parliamentary politics
of the Security Council also has symbolic aimed at the administration was harmful
importance. It signifies a country’s growing to democracy.
importance in world affairs. This greater status (4) Internal unrest causes instability and
is an advantage to a country in the conduct of diverts the administration's attention
its foreign policy. away from its everyday responsibility of
assuring progress.
28. India and Bangladesh have had disagreements (5) Because the government devotes all of its
on serveral issues, including the sharing of resources to maintaining peace and order,
Ganga and Brahmaputra river flows. The Indian development is neglected.

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 (6) Indira Gandhi stated that subversive
(4) 
Gorbachev’s reforms of Glasnost
groups were attempting to impede the (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring)
government's progressive objectives and aimed to revitalise the system but instead
depose her through extra-constitutional exposed the weaknesses and inefficiencies
measures. within it, leading to increased demands
OR for autonomy in the Soviet republics.

The 1975 emergency exposed both the

(5) 
The rise of nationalist movements,
shortcomings and the strengths of India's particularly in the Baltic states and Eastern
democracy. Europe, further weakened the cohesion of
the USSR. The failed coup by Communist
(1) One lesson of the emergency is that
hardliners in 1991 accelerated the process,
eliminating democracy in India is incredibly
leading to the declaration of independence
tough.
by several republics.
(2) Second, it revealed some problems in the

(6) 
Globally, the Soviet Union's collapse
constitution's emergency provisions, which
marked the end of the Cold War, shifting
have subsequently been resolved. Now, an
the world from a bipolar to a unipolar
'internal' emergency can only be declared
system dominated by the United States.
on the grounds of 'armed rebellion,' and
This led to significant geopolitical changes,
the Council of Ministers must provide the
including the expansion of NATO and
President written advise to declare an
the European Union into former Soviet
emergency.
territories.
(3) Third, it made everyone realise how
OR
important civil freedoms are. Following
The Assam Movement was a combination of
the emergency, the courts, too, have taken
cultural and economic backwardness because:
an active role in preserving individuals'
(1) It is the best example of a movement
civil liberties. This is in response to the
against 'outsiders', lasting from 1979 to
judiciary's incapacity to properly protect
1985.
civil freedoms during an emergency.
(2) It was against illegal migration, the
30. (1) The disintegration of the Soviet Union in dominance of Bengalis and other
1991 was the result of a complex interplay foreigners, and a flawed voter registration
of economic, political, and social factors. list that included the names of thousands
(2) 
Economically, the Soviet Union faced of immigrants.
prolonged stagnation, with a centralised (3) It was a battle to keep Assam's cultural
economy unable to compete with fusion intact.
the technological advancements and (4) Despite the presence of natural riches like
productivity of the West. The enormous as oil, tea, and coal, Assam had severe
expenditure on the arms race and the poverty and unemployment.
maintenance of satellite states further
(5) It was considered that these were
strained the economy. being drained from the state with no

(3) 
Politically, the Communist Party’s corresponding benefit to the citizens.
authoritarian control and the lack of (6) It used a variety of creative ways to
political freedoms led to widespread public activate all segments of Assamese society,
dissatisfaction. garnering support from across the state.

Sample Paper 4 83

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