Point 1.

CIRCLE In two concentric circles, the chord of the larger circle,

which touches the smaller circle, is bisected at the point Point 2.
of contact.
A circle is a collection of all points in a plane which are AP = BP
Tangent to a Circle at a constant distance (radius) from a fixed point Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with
C2 centre O from an external point T then LPTQ = 2 LOPQ.
(centre). C1
It is a line that intersects the circle at only one point.
There is only one tangent at a point of the circle. The O P
A
tangent to a circle is a special case of the secant, when
the two end points of its corresponding chord coincide. P
P B T O
P P
A
A Q
B
Q
Q Q
Point 3.

Number of tangents from a The tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle
are parallel.
point on a circle AB || CD

Circle
(i) No tangent (when a point lying inside the circle) C Q D

P O

A P B

(ii) One tangent (when point lying on the circle)

P Theorems Point 4.

(i). The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle,
to the radius through the point of contact. then
Remarks: AB + CD = AD + BC
(iii) Two tangent (when point lying outside the circle) 1. By theorem above, we can also conclude that at any C
point on a circle there can be one and only one tangent. R
2. The line containing the radius through the point of D
contact is also sometimes called the normal to the
T1 circle at the point. Q

O S
T2 A
P P B
Y X
P Q
(ii) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external
point to circle are equal.
R Point 5.

P O An angle between the two tangents drawn from an

external point to a circle is supplementary to the angle
Point 6. subtended by the line-segment joining the points of
Q
O
contact at the centre. LAOB+ LAPB = 180
OQ = OR (Radii of the same circle) A parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
OP = OP (Common) AP = AS [Tangents from an external point are equal] A
OQP =~ ORP (RHS) BP=BQ, CR=CQ, DR = DS
=> AB = BC = CD = DA,
PQ = PR (CPCT) O
Remarks: Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.
1. The theorem can also be proved by using the
D R C
Pythagoras Theorem as follow: P B
PQ2 = OP2 - OQ2 = OP2 - OR2 = PR2
(As OQ = OR ) S O Q
Which gives PQ = PR
2. Note also that angle OPQ = angle OPR Therefore, OP is
the angle bisector of angle QPR ,i.e, the centre lies on the
bisector of the angle between the two tangents. A P B