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13 views3 pages

Tools of Six Sigma - Docx-1

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moo.a.qassem
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Tools of Six Sigma


Pareto chart

Value Stream Mapping

Control charts

FMEA

Kaizen

Regression analysis

Whys analysis

5S

DMAIC

Kaizen (continuous improvement) Kaizen is another fundamental concept in Lean Six Sigma
that involves the continuous effort to improve processes, products ...

Kaizen (Continuous Improvement) The Kaizen technique is a powerful strategy that powers a
continuous engine for business improvement. It is the practice ...

Kaizen emphasizes a bottom-up approach, encouraging employees at every level of an


organization to actively participate in identifying

5S is one of the most fundamental Lean Six Sigma tools that focuses on organizing the
workplace for efficiency and effectiveness.

5S System. The 5S system is a Lean Six Sigma tool that organizes and streames a workspace.
The 5S stands for Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize.

DMAIC

Control charts. A control chart is a Lean Six Sigma tool used to monitor process variation over
time. It helps identify any trends, shifts, or patterns .

Control Charts. The control chart is an important Six Sigma tool for risk analysis. To ensure the
quality of services and products.
Control Charts. A control chart helps analyze the differences in a process before and after
changes are made.

Basic Tools
Experts consider Ishikawa one of the most important figures in the history of continuous
process improvement and Six Sigma. He played a key role in transforming the Japanese
manufacturing industry and creating a quality control approach that not only focuses on
improvement from top to bottom in an organization, but also from the beginning to the end of
the product life cycle.

In post-World War II Japan, industry went through a quality control revolution that provided
the genesis of what companies still practice today. Ishikawa, who graduated from college
with an engineering degree in applied chemistry, became an expert in organizational theory.
He is perhaps best known for this creation of the cause and effect diagram, also known as
the fishbone diagram.

Another early invention for Ishikawa are quality circles. These involve workers who do
similar jobs and meet regularly to discuss work-related challenges and produce solutions. The
fishbone diagram became an important tool for quality circles and also one of the seven basic
tools.

The seven basic tools first emphasized by Ishikawa all focus on helping teams identify,
analyze and solve work-related problems.

The Ishikawa Tools


The Ishikawa Tools, or seven basic tools, are as follows. Each remains an important tool for
teams who want a systematic approach to making processes more efficient and effective.
They also put the focus on quality, reducing errors, and meeting the needs of customers.

Cause and Effect Diagram


The cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram) allows teams to list the causes, sub causes
and sub cases of sub causes that lead to errors or waste in a process (the Five Whys are often
used with a cause and effect diagram).

Check Sheet
A check sheet provides a method to collect and itemize process-related issues for future
consideration. It’s essentially a list of all the potential problems causing operational errors.
It’s typically in the form of a table with a list of issues on the left-hand column and boxes to
the right that can be checked to document when and how often the problem occurs.

Control Chart
A control chart tracks how a process changes over time. By comparing current process data
with past data, teams can determine if process variation is consistent (which signifies it is
under control) or unpredictable (which signifies it is out of control). The latter means teams
must identify the special causes leading to the process variation.
Histogram
The histogram is a frequently used graph that shows frequency distributions for a specific
data set. For example, a restaurant or retail outlet might want a histogram of the number of
people who enter the establishment at different times of the day in order to determine proper
staffing levels.

Pareto Chart
Named after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, the Pareto Chart works on the 80-20 theory
(80 percent of problems occur because of failure or mistakes in 20 percent of the factors
involved in the process). But which factors belong in the 20 percent? The Pareto Chart helps
teams identify the most significant factors in a process that require the most attention.

Scatter Diagram
A scatter diagram uses what is known as scatter plots. These involve placing plot points on an
X and Y axis for two different sets of data, providing a visual that quickly can show the
relation between two sets of data. A simple example is a chart of the hurricanes within a
given year (one data set) and the months of the year when they occur (a second data set). It’s
easy to quickly see a relationship between the summer months and hurricanes.

Stratification
The process of stratification involves taking a data set and breaking it down into categories
that provide more insight. For example, a pizza delivery business might have data showing
that they were late on deliveries most frequently on certain dates of the month. However, by
breaking down the data into categories of days of the week, they may find that the bulk of the
late deliveries happened on Saturday afternoon when they had only one driver working. They
learn Saturday afternoons are busier than they thought, and add a second driver to avoid
frequent late deliveries.

Once people learn how to apply them correctly, these seven basic tools provide
simple-but-powerful ways to analyze and make use of data. As Ishikawa intended, they give
people more control over a process, allowing them to continually make improvements.

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