TEST 11

SECTION ONE: GRAMMAR

A. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to fill in each of the gaps in
each sentence.

1. ________ a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family.
A. Wherever the early prospector lived B. The early prospector lived
C. Not only did the early prospector live D. The early prospector living

2. Helium is ________ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air
pressure.
A. more than difficult B. the most difficult of C. more difficult
of D. most difficult

3. Every year Canadian ________ about 75 percent of their exports to the United
States.
A. businesses that sell B. selling businesses C. businesses sell
D. that sell to businesses

4. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ________ a traveling company.

A. to form the first B. the first to form
C. who formed the first D. forming the first

5. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, ________ expands, causing the rocks
to break apart.
A. it B. but C. then D. and

6. With x-ray microscopes, scientists can see through live insects ________ even
through solid pieces of metal.
A. however B. nevertheless C. or D. yet

7. As a resident of New Mexico, Dennis Chavez ________ to the House of

Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in1938.
A. when elected B. elected C. who was electedD. was elected

8. ________ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to
restore the land’s productivity.
A. For concentrations of salt B. Salt concentrations that
C. If salt concentrations D. With
concentrations of salt

9. ________ social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the
expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
A. No B. Nothing C. Not D. None

10. ________ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished

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 metal.
A. In early B. As early C. Early D. Was as early

11. The quantum theory states ________, such as light, is given off and absorbed in
tiny definite units called quanta or photons.
A. energy that B. that it is energy C. it is energy D. that energy

12. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable ________ spring into full
flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
A. they B. to their C. its D. them to

13. Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil
________.
A. surface below the deep B. deep below the surface
C. the deep below surface D. the deep surface below

14. Algebra generalizes certain basic laws ________ the addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of all numbers.
A. govern B. that govern C. have governed D. which they
govern

15. Even at low levels, ________.

A. the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead
B. lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system
C. lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system
D. the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system

16. In the textile industry, the term “gunny” refers to ________ burlap that is not of
the best quality.
A. not expensive a B. expensive, not C. not an expensive D. an inexpensive

17. The skyscraper, ________, is an architectural form that originated in the United
States.
A. is a tall commercial structure B. a tall commercial structure
C. a tall commercial structure which D. of which a tall commercial structure

18. ________ were stones piled at intervals.

A. The earliest road markers B. The earliest road markers, which
C. Road markers were the earliest D. Until the earliest road markers

19. Some procedures used for laboratory analysis of archaeological specimens are
________ procedures conducted in crime laboratories.
A. resemble B. similar to C. same as D. alike

20. The windmill, which has been used for hundreds of years to pump water and

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 grind grains, ________ redesigned to produce electricity.
A. it is now being B. it now can C. is now being D. now being

21. In 1938, when Benny Goodman’s orchestra presented a concert at the

prestigious Carnegie Hall, ________ was clear that jazz had at last been fully
accepted.
A. there B. which C. and D. it

22. ________ a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents are
islands in the strictest sense of the word.
A. The form of the oceans B. Since the oceans form
C. To form the oceans D. That the oceans
form

23. The spiral threads of a spider’s web have a sticky substance on them ________
insects.
A. traps B. trap its C. which traps D. which it traps

24. ________ in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the
United States.
A. Founded B. Founding C. To found D. Having founded

25. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood

upright resembled chimpanzees ________, with sloping foreheads and protruding
brows.
A. facially B. their faces C. having facial D. they had faces

26. The kettledrum produces different tones depending on whether ________ with
sticks that have felt or sponge heads.
A. to strike B. when struck C. It is struck D. striking it

27. ________ in the latter part of the fifteenth century as a substitute for richly
embroidered tapestries.
A. Wallpaper that originated B. The origination of wallpaper
C. Originated the wallpaper D. Wallpaper originated

28. ________ was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
A. Not until 1866 B. Until 1866, just C. Until 1866 D. In 1866, not until

29. Many of the Zuni people in the southwestern United States earn their
livelihoods and achieve ________ as professional artists.
A. considered them popular B. considerably popular
C. considering their popularity D. considerable popularity

30. The flatter a hair appears under a microscope, ________ wavier it is.
A. although B. which C. and D. the

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B. Choose the underlined part (A, B, C, or D) that needs to be changed in
order to make each sentence grammatically correct.

1. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and
to cook at her famous Boston school.

2. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.

3. A few naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known
mainly from laboratory-made samples.

4. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher
humans can.

5. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a

source of warmth such as direct sunlight.

6. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived Helen Keller
of both her sight and hearing.

7. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a

nonliving environment, the latter composed of air, rocks, soiled, and water.

8. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills,

information, and attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.

9. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television,

and film productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.

10. A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the
gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall.

11. Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body
such as a limb.

12. The poetry of e.e. Cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend
grammatical rules as they strive to expression their insights.

13. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting

significant financial events.

14. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.

15. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if

participants push themselves greatly hard.

16. The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for
single-celled animals.

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17. Alaska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions and
the difficult of highway maintenance is a troublesome problem.

18. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships,
icebergs, or cliffs in foggy weather.

19. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric
system is not generally utilized in the United States.

20. Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated
for its smooth and beautiful tone.

21. Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, tantalizing secret
of the planet are concealed.

22. The pioneer John Chapman received the nickname “Johnny Appleseed”
because he planted apple seedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio,
Indiana, and Elinois.

23. A radio telescope is an instrument that collects and measured faint radio
waves given off by objects in space.

24. The private satellite industry sprang up in the mid-1960’s to relay not only
television broadcasts but too phone calls and computer data.

25. Yosemite National Park it has many spectacular natural attractions, including
Yosemite Falls, one of the world’s highest waterfalls.

26. During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing
mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins, beans, and tobacco.

27. Before the retina of the eye can be examined, the pupil must to be artificially
dilated.

28. The most widely writer praised of the 1960’s in the United States was probably
Joyce Carol Oates, who published many novels and short stories.

29. Unlike animals such as cows or horses, human beings are neither able to digest
cellulose, the fibrous carbohydrate found in grass.

30. At the age of 94, composer, conductor, arranger, and acting Eva Jessye led her
choral group in the first production of the opera Porgy and Bess, written in
1935.

31. In 1987 the states of ice cream in the United States amounted to fifteen quarts
per year for every persons in the country.

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32. The type of precipitation is affected by electrical conditions, air temperature
and the percentage of humid in the air.

33. Almost destroy by fire in 1814, the White House was rebuilt and enlarged over
the next three years.

34. A flight recorder shows how aircraft systems behave by giving information such
as a plane’s high, direction, and rate of descent.

35. It is not unusual for ballet dancers wear out more than one pair of toe shoes
during an evening’s performance.

36. A fable is usually a short tale featuring animals or inanimate objects that can
talk and think alike humans.

37. The “ashcan” school in American art being a rebellion against traditional
subjects and favored the painting of back-street scenes.

38. When a magnet is free suspended it becomes a compass.

39. Susan Sontag’s aversion to the traditional critical practice of extracting morals
meaning from art is reflected in her novels.

40. Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics, Chen
Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the United
States, Tsung-dao Lee.

41. Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held there by electromagnetic
force.

42. Its tremendous output of dairy products have earned the state of Wisconsin the
title of America’s Dairyland.

43. The early use of a complete steel frame for towering buildings appeared in the
first skyscraper, built on Chicago in 1883.

44. Some cities have a fire regulations that requires people to put smoke detectors
in their houses.

45. Since flounders have markings that blend with their surroundings, it can lie
camouflaged on the bottom of the ocean.

46. The determination of the path of Mars’s orbit in1609 became the unifying link
among the two formerly separate realms of physics and astronomy.

SECTION TWO: VOCABULARY

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A. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) that best fits in each gap.

Greenhouse gases are being released into the atmosphere 30 times faster than the
time when the Earth experienced a (1) ________ episode of global warming. A study
comparing the rate at which carbon dioxide and methane are being (2) ________ now,
compared to 55 million years ago when global warming also occurred, has found dramatic
differences in the speed of release. James Zachos, professor of earth sciences at the
University of California, Santa Cruz, said the speed of the present buildup of greenhouse
gases is far greater than during the global warming after the (3) ________ of the dinosaurs.
"The emissions that caused this past episode of global warming probably lasted 10,000
years," Professor Zachos told the American Association for the Advancement of Science at
a meeting in St. Louis. "By burning fossil fuels, we are likely to emit the same amount over
the next three centuries." He warned that studies of global warming events in the
geological past (4) ________ the Earth's climate passes a (5) ________ beyond which climate
change accelerates with the help of positive feedbacks—vicious circles of warming.
Professor Zachos is a leading (6) ________ on the episode of global warming known as the
palaeocene-eocene thermal maximum, when average global temperatures increased by
up to 5°C due to a massive release of carbon dioxide and methane.
His research into the deep ocean (7) ________ suggests at this time that about 4.5
billion tons of carbon entered the atmosphere over 10,000 years. 'This will be the same
amount of carbon released into the atmosphere from cars and industrial emissions over
the next 300 years if present (8) ________ continue", he said. Although carbon can be
released suddenly and naturally into the atmosphere from volcanic activity, it takes many
thousands of years for it to be removed permanently by natural processes. The ocean is
capable of removing carbon, and quickly, but this natural (9) ________ can be easily (10)
________ which is probably what happened 55 million years ago. "It will take tens of
thousands of years before atmospheric carbon dioxide comes down to preindustrial
levels." the professor said. "Even after humans stop burning fossil fuels, the effects will be
long-lasting."

1. A. prearranged B. premier C. previous D. fundamental

2. A. emitted B. exhaled C. incorporated D. digested
3. A. dementia B. demolition C. detachment D. demise
4. A. comment B. mark C. compliment D. indicate
5. A. barricade B. verge C. threshold D. perimeter
6. A. autocrat B. authority C. administrator D. proprietor
7. A. dusts B. sediments C. dirt D. powder
8. A. trends B. gadgets C. fads D. crazes
9. A. capacity B. competence C. intelligence D. bulk
10. A. overcharged B. overstated C. overshadowed
D. overwhelmed

11. ________ is a real health hazard.

A. Stupidity B. Sturdiness C. Animosity D. Obesity

12. The old lad was becoming increasingly affected by ________.

A. senility B. masculinity C. virility D. chivalry

13. His ________ excuses invariably exasperated the manager.

A. feeble B. frail C. robust D. wealthy

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14. I don’t ________ to be a genius, but I am not stupid, either.
A. permit B. agree C. compare D. claim

15. A. Smoking can be ________ to your health.

A. delightful B. harmless C. detrimental D. indifferent

16. People ________ their spending power when prices rise.

A. increase B. curtail C. prolong D. think

17. He became an outlaw by ________ the law.

A. defying B. observing C. sticking to D. abiding by

18. ________ is a punishable offense.

A. Hunting B. Poaching C. Jogging D. Boxing

19. Marian was a beautiful, ________ young lady.

A. corpulent B. gaunt C. slender D. bony

20. Don’t trust him; he’s cruel, ________, and unscrupulous.

A. loving B. slack C. treacherous D. trustworthy

SECTION THREE: READING

Passage I: You are going to read an article about problems that some
students have. Choose the most suitable heading from the list
A-H for each part (1-6) of the article. There is ONE extra heading
which you do not need to use. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

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Passage II: You are going to read an article about the Irish
language. For questions 7-14, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D)
which you think fits best according to the text.

THE IRISH LANGUAGE TODAY

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 Until about the seventeenth century, Irish was the normal everyday language of
Ireland. At that time, though, the English who had colonized the country began to
impose their own language and the Irish people gradually accepted this, mostly for
economic reasons. All official business was conducted in English and the British
economy dominated the country. This practical motivation to use English grew
even stronger when people began to leave Ireland in vast numbers in the
nineteenth century. Families thought that it would be difficult to move to an
English-speaking country such as America, Australia or England if they knew
nothing but Irish.
Nowadays it is estimated that little more than one per cent of the population of
the country use Irish as their daily first language. Even in the areas of the country
which are supposed to be Irish-speaking, the use of the language is decreasing.
These areas, known officially as the ‘Gaeltacht’, are mainly in the remote far west
of the country and have a total population of 83.0C0, of whom nearly all can speak
Irish, although only about 30,000 use it as their normal language of
communication.
All children in Ireland have to learn Irish. Until 1973 pupils had to gain a pass in
Irish if they were to be awarded their school leaving certificate. This rule was very
unpopular and was dropped. Pupils still have to take Irish for these examinations
but it no longer seems to matter very much if they fail.
Most children in primary schools seem to enjoy their Irish lessons but in
secondary schools the situation is often different. As examination pressure mounts,
pupils often find Irish to be boring and irrelevant, as compared with French or
German, which can at least be useful for getting a job.
The most surprising development of recent years has been the rapid rise in the
number of state schools in towns that do all their main teaching in Irish. This is not
a scheme imposed by the state but one that has grown up in response to the
demands of parents. Some parents send their children to these schools for
patriotic reasons, believing them to be a defense against the country being
swamped with American and English culture. Many other parents choose these
schools simply because they see them as being better than the English-language
schools. The/ tend to be newer and to have smaller classes and better motivated
teachers. One criticism made of these schools is that they could be distracting
pupils from learning ‘more useful’ modern languages. In fact, in modern
languages, as in most subjects, these schools have results which are better than
the national average.
Only time will tell whether the new rise in Irish in the towns will compensate for
its decline in the Irish-speaking areas of the rural west.

7. What do you learn in this passage about Ireland at the beginning of the
seventeenth century?
A. Many people left for America, Australia, and England.
B. English had always been the language used in business.
C. The British began to invade the country.
D. People spoke Irish as their everyday language.

8. People who left Ireland thought ________.

A. they needed nothing more than Irish

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 B. they would find life easy in an English-speaking country
C. they ought to know some English
D. they should pretend not to be Irish

9. In the ‘Gaeltacht’, ________.

A. 83,000 people use Irish as their normal language of communication
B. almost everybody uses Irish as their first language
C. 30,000 people do not understand Irish
D. there is a fall in the number of people using Irish as their first language

10. Since 1973, pupils in Irish schools ________.

A. have not needed to pass Irish in order to gain their school leaving certificate
B. have had to drop Irish
C. have needed to pass Irish in order to gain their school leaving certificate
D. have not had to study Irish

11. Why are French and German often more popular than Irish
in secondary schools?
A. They ensure that pupils can find a job.
B. They are not boring.
C. They can help pupils find work.
D. They ease examination pressure

12. The government introduced schools where teaching was

done in Irish because ________.
A. they have better results B. parents want them
C. pupils in towns do not learn Irish D. the teachers are more committed

13. Some people have criticized these Irish language schools

because ________.
A. they prevent pupils from learning modern languages
B. they have classes which are too small
C. their results are only a little better than average
D. they do not teach any useful subjects

14. Which of the following would make a suitable title for this
passage?
A. Irish—End in Sight
B. Irish—Signs of Hope in the Towns
C. Irish—A Dead Language
D. Irish—Increasingly Important in the Villages

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