User Guide: PermaNet+ with Hydrophone.

Installation and Setup.

Warning: This manual contains important safety and operating information.

Please read, understand, and follow the instructions in the manual.

MAN-148-0007-A January 2022.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction, Background and Support of Product........................................................ 4
1.1 Safety Considerations ................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Background ................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 About PermaNET+ ..................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Documentation and Support of Product ................................................................. 5
1.5 Operating Temperature ............................................................................................ 5
1.6 Unpacking ................................................................................................................... 6
2 Overview and preparation for use ................................................................................... 7
2.1 PermaNet+ Logger – Device Overview ..................................................................... 7
2.2 Measurement data types .......................................................................................... 7
2.3 Battery / lifetime ........................................................................................................ 7
2.4 Cellular communications and SIM-card ................................................................... 8
2.5 Communications with a Laptop computer .............................................................. 8
2.6 Logger operation - Repetitive functions................................................................... 8
2.7 System Overview ........................................................................................................ 9
2.8 DataGate ...................................................................................................................10
2.8.1 DataGate – Terminology and Summary .........................................................10
2.9 Logger Measurement Data – Destination and Use ...............................................10
2.10 Ways to set the Logger Configuration ....................................................................11
2.11 IDT – Test of logger within an installation ..............................................................11
2.12 Overview of the deployment process ....................................................................11
2.13 Logger activation process (for First-time use) .......................................................13
3 Communicating with the Logger ....................................................................................13
3.1 Installing IDT (PC version) ........................................................................................13
3.2 Communicating with the PermaNet+ logger .........................................................14
3.2.1 Connecting the comms cable ..........................................................................14
3.2.2 Loading Logger settings into IDT .....................................................................15
3.2.3 Displaying logger device information / logging status ..................................16
4 Configuring the PermaNet+ logger ................................................................................17
4.1 Setup of regular repetitive PermaNet+ program ..................................................17
4.2 Additional data from a 1-time program - Aqualogs ..............................................20
4.3 Additional data from a 1-time program – Sound Recordings ..............................21
5 Installation .......................................................................................................................22

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 5.1 Install logger .............................................................................................................22
5.2 Connection of Hydrophone to a fitting ..................................................................23
5.3 Activate logger and confirm settings ......................................................................26
5.4 Installing the antenna and testing cellular communications ...............................26
6 Antenna Options and Installation Guidelines ...............................................................27
6.1 Antenna Options ......................................................................................................27
6.1.1 Monopole ..........................................................................................................27
6.1.2 T-Bar ..................................................................................................................28
6.1.3 Button ................................................................................................................29
6.1.4 Cone Antenna ...................................................................................................31
6.1.5 Magnetic Dipole Antenna ................................................................................32
6.2 Installation Guidelines .............................................................................................32
6.3 Installation Process Decision Tree ..........................................................................33
7 Viewing your data ............................................................................................................35
8 Interpretation of Leak Data ............................................................................................36
8.1 Level and Spread results .........................................................................................36
8.2 Aqualog / Histogram results - Examples ................................................................38
9 Troubleshooting ..............................................................................................................40
10 Maintenance, Service and Repair ...............................................................................41
10.1 Replaceable parts ....................................................................................................41
10.2 Return of product for Service or Repair .................................................................41

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1 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND SUPPORT OF PRODUCT
Thank you for choosing a HWM device. We trust it will provide you with many years of
service.

1.1 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

Before continuing, carefully read and follow the information in the “Safety Warnings
and Approvals Information” document supplied with the product.
This provides general safety information.

IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNING:

This equipment uses a high strength magnet and should
not be carried by or be placed in the proximity of anyone with a
heart pacemaker.

1.2 BACKGROUND
Pipeline leaks are a constant burden to water industries, which can affect the efficiency
of the individual company’s performance. Leakage loss reduces the amount of water
actually being delivered, thus affecting the financial side of the business. The longer the
leak is left, the larger the economic, and potentially environmental, consequences. It is
therefore more beneficial and safer to detect a leak early and make repairs to the pipes
before significant damage to the business is caused.

At HWM, we pride ourselves in designing the best leak detection equipment at an

affordable price for the benefit of water companies.

1.3 ABOUT PERMANET+

PermaNET+ is a powerful leak detection system that allows the user to deploy a fleet of
data loggers around a water network that are permanently installed to listen for leaking
pipes. The data logger units are called PermaNet+ devices.

The logger’s highly sensitive Hydrophone is a sensor switches on at night, at a time

specified by the user, and takes samples of the noise it hears on the pipes. This is
presented as 2 figures, Level and Spread. The level figure represents the sound level
that occurs most often during the sample period and the spread is how much the
sound varies during this time. A large, consistent Level and small Spread is typical of a
leak whereas a small level and large spread is typical of a background noise.

If the logger believes that there may be a leak, then it takes another set of samples after
a definable period and compares this to the first. If leaking water noises are suspected,
the logger can be set to automatically make a short recording (Typically 10 seconds).

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This allows the user to play back the recording to decide for themselves if the recording
sounds like a water leak.

The PermaNET+ system will also perform noise analysis and present the data as
Histograms that help to visualise the noise into patterns that can be identified as leaks.

The logger sends this data once a day to a central server.

1.4 DOCUMENTATION AND SUPPORT OF PRODUCT

This user-guide covers the following model families:
Model Number(s) Description
PN/*/*/* PermaNet+ (Leak detection logger device) +
HYDROPLUSKIT/* Hydrophone kit.

The user-guide should be read in conjunction with:

MAN-148-0002 Safety Warnings and Approvals Information.
MAN-130-0017 User Guide: IDT (PC version) – Logger User Interface

Retain all documents supplied with the equipment for future reference.

This user-guide provides details of the product operation and instructions on how to
install the product.

You should also read the relevant parts of the IDT (PC version) user-guide for guidance
on how to confirm settings or modify the set-up your equipment.

To view your data a viewing tool is required; refer to any user-guide or training
materials relevant to the tool you will be using (see also sections 7 and 8).

Note: The system periodically has new features and changes released, thus you may
observe slight changes from the diagrams and features shown in this manual.

HWM provides support of the logger devices by means of our customer support
webpages:

https://www.hwmglobal.com/help-and-downloads/

Should you have any questions that are not covered by this manual or the system’s
online help, please contact the HWM Technical Support team on +44 (0) 1633 489479,
or email cservice@hwm-water.com

1.5 OPERATING TEMPERATURE

Refer to the PermaNet+ Datasheet or your sales representative for guidance on the
storage and operating temperature range of the device. Ensure the unit is within the
operating temperature range prior to installation.

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1.6 UNPACKING
As you unpack your new PermaNet+ logger and Hydrophone, please confirm that you
have the following parts:

• PermaNet+ data logger.

• Cable (with in-line amplifier box) for connecting the Hydrophone to the
PermaNet+ logger.
• Hydrophone unit.
• Any couplers / adaptors ordered for adapting the Hydrophone to the water
network connection point.
• Antenna (for direct attachment or cabled attachment).
• (Optional) Antenna extension cable.
• (Optional) Antenna mounting bracket / hook.
• (Optional) Magnet tool.
• Safety Warnings and Approvals Information leaflet.

If there are any omissions, please contact our sales team to rectify or supply the missing
parts.

Hydrophone

Bleed valve
(part of Hydrophone)

Cable with in-line

amplifier box

To Hydrophone
Hydrophone coupler
PermaNet+ logger
/ adapter (example) To Antenna

Please dispose of your waste packaging responsibly

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2 OVERVIEW AND PREPARATION FOR USE

2.1 PERMANET+ LOGGER – DEVICE OVERVIEW

Note: The PermaNet+ loggers have standard settings for operation programmed into
them prior to shipping from the factory, with some variations according to
customer requirements.
The PermaNet+ product family includes models with an interface for the HWM
Hydrophone unit. They are (when the antenna and sensor are attached) of a waterproof
construction, being designed to be permanently installed around a water network,
listening for leaking pipes. The devices accomplish this by means of a specialised
microphone (the Hydrophone) that can detect the sounds that occur within a
pressurised network; In particular, they are listening for sounds emitted from a pipe
leak. A micro-controller, built into the unit, measures the noise level once per day and
performs a statistical analysis to generate data for a “noise histogram”. A leak-state
judgement is made, along with two additional results called “level” and “spread”. The
results are saved in memory, for upload at a later time.

2.2 MEASUREMENT DATA TYPES

The saved data could be in the form of:
• A “noise histogram”.
This provides a detailed indication of how consistent the noise
measurement is and can be used for more advanced analysis.
Histograms can also help to visualise the noise into patterns that can be
identified as leaks.
• A Level / Spread indication.
These two figures are a numeric summary of the noise histogram.
The “Level” figure represents the sound level that occurs most often during
the sample period.
The “Spread” figure is how much the sound level varies during this time.
(A large consistent Level and small Spread is typical of a leak, whereas
a small Level and large Spread is typical of background noise within a pipe).
• A “leak / no leak” status.
This gives a simple indication of whether results indicate a probable leak.
• Sound recording files.

2.3 BATTERY / LIFETIME

The logger is powered by non-rechargeable Lithium batteries. The logger is designed to
minimise the battery use and thus increase the life expectancy of the unit (e.g., the
loggers become active when needed; most of the time they are in standby). The battery
life is also affected by user-programable settings.

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2.4 CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS AND SIM-CARD
The PermaNet+ logger includes an interface to the cellular communications network,
which provides access to the internet. The data stored within the loggers can be sent
automatically over internet using the mobile communications network. The normal
destination of the data is the HWM DataGate server.

Communication is 2-way between the logger and server, by means of a proprietary

protocol using UDP packets sent to the internet using the cellular communications
network.

A SIM card is normally fitted within the logger.

2.5 COMMUNICATIONS WITH A LAPTOP COMPUTER

The logger includes a serial communications interface. This enables the user to
communicate with the logger during installation and make on-site tests.
Communication requires the attachment of a HWM communications cable and also the
HWM “IDT (PC version)” software.

2.6 LOGGER OPERATION - REPETITIVE FUNCTIONS

The PermaNet+ is shipped from the factory in a minimally active state, to extend battery
life whilst in storage (e.g., no measurements are made or logged). This mode is
designed for periods of storage or shipping of the device, with the logger referred to as
being in “shipping mode”, or “sleeping”. Once activated (see section 2.13), the logger no
longer sleeps, but begins its repetitive daily tasks. Whenever possible it saves power by
putting circuits it does not currently need into a “standby” condition.

The logger will become highly active at the time it is required to make any sound
measurements, complete its leak evaluation, and store the results as a set of data
within its memory. The logger will then go into standby until the next programmed
event.

When it is time to upload the data over the mobile network, the logger switches on its
cellular radio circuits and sends its data. Once completed, it puts them back into
standby mode.

The logger occasionally checks the communications link to see if a user wishes to
communicate with it; If so, it opens the link. This link remains open for communication
for approximately 2 minutes, waiting for instructions. If there is no interaction from the
user during this time, the logger puts the communications link back into standby. If the
user begins using the link, the logger completes any tasks the user gives to it and then
keeps the link open for 10 minutes after it was last used.

The logger’s primary task is a leak-sensing program, which runs once daily. The Leak-
state evaluation program takes place between 2-4am (although it can be changed).
Typically, it is made during a time of low water use to reduce the possibility of consumer

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water use being incorrectly judged as a leak. During this time, if the logger determines a
change of leak-state, it carries out a secondary confirmation evaluation.

If the logger determines that a new leak is likely to be present near-by, it can (if so set)
automatically make a sound recording when the new leak is detected. The sound
recording is by default 10 seconds in duration.

Note: Making and transmitting sound recordings can use a lot of data and also drain
the battery significantly if too many are made. In order to preserve battery life
and reduce data costs, the recording system is restricted to 7 recordings a
month. If you have a specific requirement for more than this limit, then please
contact HWM customer service for assistance.

2.7 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The loggers form only a part of a functioning PermaNET system. A typical system will
comprise of:

• A set of PermaNet+ (with Hydrophone) loggers.

These are set to evaluate the sounds within a pipe overnight, when water use is
minimal, to determine if a leak could be present nearby.
• A Laptop PC (with Microsoft Windows).
The laptop PC can (with HWM software installed and a suitable comms cable)
provide a Graphical User Interface for the user, giving access to set up and test
the logger.
• HWM “IDT (PC version)” application software (installed on the PC).
A software tool (Installation and Diagnostic Test) used to check or modify logger
setup and to put the logger into various modes in order to test it within an
installation.
• A server, set up to receive logger messages and data. The server acts as data
warehouse, safety storing the logger data and also providing it to the authorised
viewing platform. This is typically the HWM Datagate server.
• A User-account and password for the HWM DataGate system (for administration
purposes).
• A User-account and password for the chosen data viewing website (for viewing
your data / leak determination results).

Note: The term “DataGate” will be used throughout this manual.

An alternative name may be used by the server in your location.

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2.8 DATAGATE
2.8.1 DataGate – Terminology and Summary
This section introduces the terminology that is used by DataGate and the IDT…

The destination of PermaNet+ logger data is usually the DataGate system, provided by
HWM. DataGate and PermaNETWeb web-pages are the main administration and
viewing portals for logger and site data.

An overview of the scheme is summarised here…

PermaNet+ logger devices produce several forms of measurement data, each of which
can be considered as a data channel. The data represents a measurement made by a
logger deployed on the pipe network. Access to the pipe network is often available
through various chambers that house valves or hydrants, connected to the water pipes.
A chamber can be used as an installation site for a logger. A site may be one of many in
an area of inter-connected pipework (which may be known by various names (e.g., zone,
district, suburb, area); some areas of the water network may include a water meter to
monitor water use, which DataGate can refer to as a District Metered Area (DMA). Sites
in a certain area may therefore be collected together in a group, often referred to as a
DMA. DMAs, in turn may be collected together in a group, referred to as an account (or
Zone). Each of these separate entities may be represented on a database, such as one
used by the DataGate system, which links some of them to a User of the system.

Or, put in reverse order…

• DataGate contains a database.
• A User of Datagate can be linked with an account.
• An account can be a group of multiple DMAs.
• Each DMA can contain multiple sites.
• Each site can have one logger device installed at any given time (or none).
• Each logger device can produce multiple channels of measurement data.
• The data of a channel may consist of multiple samples that are obtained at
different times. It is linked to the site on which the logger is deployed.

2.9 LOGGER MEASUREMENT DATA – DESTINATION AND USE

The PermaNet+ loggers and the DataGate system together form a powerful leak
detection system. The data produced by each logger is uploaded to DataGate. DataGate
links the measurement data of each logger to the correct site.

DataGate web pages are mainly used for administration and setup. PermaNETWeb web
pages are mainly used for displaying sites, along with the measurement data provided
by the logger. The primary use within PermaNETWeb is to present loggers on a map
display, highlighting loggers that show possible pipe leaks.

When available, sound recording files can be used to confirm whether the sound within
a pipe does resemble the sound produced by a leak. Additionally, if several sites in the

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area have loggers that have produced sound recordings at precisely the same time, the
approximate location of the suspect leak can often be found, using a process called
Leak Localisation / Correlation.

Note: Always use a ground microphone to confirm a leak location prior to

commencing repair works.

2.10 WAYS TO SET THE LOGGER CONFIGURATION

The PermaNet+ holds many setting parameters that affect its operation.

Example settings are:

• When to make the Leak detection.
• Whether to automatically make a sound recording of a suspected leak.
• Scheduled measurements (a manually set temporary additional task).
• When to call-in with the data.
• Mobile-network settings (e.g., telephone number, network to use).

The logger settings can be adjusted at various times…

• Initial settings are made within the factory, prior to shipping.

Default settings are used, plus some settings being customer-defined. These will
be suitable for most installations.
• The IDT software gives the user access to adjust some settings. The user has to
be near the logger to make the changes over the aerial communications cable.
• After installation, some additional settings can be modified remotely, via the unit
receiving commands from the DataGate system.

2.11 IDT – TEST OF LOGGER WITHIN AN INSTALLATION

The user of the IDT software can instruct the logger to do various maintenance tasks,
such as communications tests. This is particularly useful when done on-site since
communications are affected by the (often below-ground) location of installation, local
signal strength of the mobile network and the radio leakage properties of the chamber.

e.g., The IDT app can help by making test calls or show signal levels to find the best
position for an antenna.

2.12 OVERVIEW OF THE DEPLOYMENT PROCESS

The deployment process depends on the strategy employed by the water company.
There are two approaches:

• Deploy each logger to a site, with checks of functionality being made during each
installation. This confirms the logger performs OK in its installed position.

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 • Deploy the loggers to sites without any checks being made (i.e., skip some of the
steps listed as optional). A follow-up team is then sent to selected sites to
improve those that have communication problems.

Installation consists of several steps…

• Installation sites must be selected. These should have a description and

reference number to identify them on DataGate.
• Equipment must be available at the installation site to complete the installation.
This will include any adaptors or couplings required to connect between the
Hydrophone and the water network valve.
This will also include an antenna. It is possible that several antenna
configurations may need to be tried in order to get a good result. It is useful to
have a variety of antenna types to try.
• The installer must activate the logger (using a strong magnet) to take it out of
shipping mode.
• The user connects a communications cable between the PC and logger. IDT can
be used to read current settings from the logger into the computer memory.
• Prepare the Hydrophone and couplings for connection to the water valve. Ensure
they are suitably clean and sterile. Ensure the bleed valve is closed.
• Ensure the valve to which the Hydrophone is being attached is suitably clean and
sterile.
• Lubricate the connecting surfaces to ensure they do not become permanently
bonded.
• Fit the Hydrophone to the water valve whilst ensuring any health and safety
requirements or work practices for undertaking work on pressurised water pipes
are followed. Undertake a risk assessment prior to commencing work.
• Connect the Hydrophone to the logger.
• The antenna is connected to the logger. The antenna location within the
chamber is then determined (this may need to be adjusted later; it is a trial-and-
error process).
• (Optional). The user can adjust some of the settings of the logger.
Alternatively, leave the logger settings in their factory-set configuration.
• (Optional). The user can (whilst the chamber lid is off) make a Call Test to
DataGate to verify internet connectivity settings are OK and that data can be
sent.
• The lid of the chamber is closed (unfortunately, this degrades the signal with the
mobile phone network), and the power-level received from the mobile network
(e.g., CSQ level) is checked. If inadequate, adjustments need to be made to the
antenna position, or the type of antenna used, to find the best CSQ level.
• With the lid of the chamber closed (and positions finalised), a further Test Call is
made to confirm the logger can send and receive data.

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 • The PermaNet+ logger goes to into standby until it needs to make leak
determination measurements or send in measurement data. Periodically it
completes these tasks.
• DataGate must be prepared to receive data from the logger; this is an
administration process.

2.13 LOGGER ACTIVATION PROCESS (FOR FIRST-TIME USE)

When shipped from the factory, the unit is deactivated. This mode is designed to
preserve its battery life whilst being shipped or
in long term storage; this is often called
“shipping mode”.

To use the logger, it must first be activated.

The equipment will then start running its
program for daily leak determination.

On the side of the logger there is a label showing

a magnet symbol. A magnetic field sensor is
located under this label.

A strong magnet must be constantly held against

the coloured dot on the base of the unit (near
the magnet label) for 12 seconds to start the
logger.

3 COMMUNICATING WITH THE LOGGER

To communicate with the logger, a PC is required, along with a HWM software utility
called “Installation and Diagnostic Tool”, or more commonly known as IDT (PC version).

Note: There is another version of IDT, the IDT (mobile app version).
The app version of IDT is not compatible with this logger device.

3.1 INSTALLING IDT (PC VERSION)

IDT (PC version) and its user-guide can be downloaded from the HWM Customer
Support website, or from the following webpage:
https://www.hwmglobal.com/idt-support/

(Note: The user has to be registered by HWM and have a password to gain access).

Refer to the IDT User-guide for information on how to install and use the tool.

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3.2 COMMUNICATING WITH THE PERMANET+ LOGGER
3.2.1 Connecting the comms cable
To communicate with the unit a communications cable is required.

This is a “Y-cable” (3 connectors). (HWM cable part-number: CABA9349/P).

• One connector is for temporary connection of the Hydrophone.

• One connector is for the logger (plugs into the “LNS & Comms” interface).
• One connector is for the PC’s USB port.

Once you have installed the IDT, launch it. Then connect the Hydrophone to the
PermaNet+ via the communications Y-cable and then to your PC.

Note: There will be a short delay before the PC recognises the connection of the logger.
This is normal. If your PC has sound enabled, you will hear a sound when the
logger connects.

1) Connect the Hydrophone

to PermaNet+ via the Y-cable.

2) Connect the Y-cable to a

USB port of the PC.

The first time you connect your PermaNet+ to a new USB port, Windows will configure
the driver; Wait until this process is completed before proceeding.

The communications circuit is normally on standby, to preserve the unit’s battery.

Communication remains open for around 600s after it was last used. The link then goes
back into standby. If this happens, unplug the USB cable for a few seconds then
re-connect it.

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3.2.2 Loading Logger settings into IDT

Click ‘Read Device’.

A progress bar will show across the top of the page. When completed, an information
box will appear stating ‘Device Read Success’. Click “OK” to clear the box.

The IDT-PC program has now read a copy of the unit’s program (settings) into the
“current program” memory area.

The settings can be changed within IDT but note that the unit itself is not updated with
any of the program changes unless the user later saves the settings
stored in IDT back into the logger by clicking on the ”Setup Device”
button.

15
Note: Please refer to the IDT (PC version) user-guide.
The above user-guide is written primarily for a multi-purpose data logger,
however many of the IDT functions and settings are common to the PermaNet+
device. Where this is so, they will only be mentioned briefly in this guide.

The PermaNet+ operation is not that of a general-purpose data logger

but has its own specialised leak determination programs. This user-guide will
cover details of the program operation and the relevant additional settings for it.

Note: When IDT starts it checks whether a new version is available; If so, it is
recommended to download it to keep the software up to date with any new
features or bugfixes.
Similarly, when IDT reads the PermaNet+ logger details it may advise that a new
version of software is available for the logger itself. If so, it is recommended to
update it before commencing.
Refer to the IDT user-guide (if required).

3.2.3 Displaying logger device information / logging status

After reading the PermaNet+ device’s

programmed settings, the current
recording status of the Logger panel in
the Setup tab.

Note: Ensure that prior to leaving an

installation site, the unit is in
a state of “Recording”, as shown.

The logger date and time should also be

the local time for wherever the logger is
installed. Confirm this is the case before
proceeding. The offset of local time from
UTC is shown in brackets.

The remaining contents of this panel (ID, serial number, telephone number) are
discussed in the IDT manual.

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4 CONFIGURING THE PERMANET+ LOGGER

4.1 SETUP OF REGULAR REPETITIVE PERMANET+ PROGRAM

To configure the logger, first select the

Setup tab in IDT.

The IDT display is adaptive in behaviour

and shows information and controls which change depending on previous
selections / de-selections.

The Setup tab is divided into various panels of related settings.

One panel has settings for where to send

the results.

The method chosen:

• Internet packets
(preferred) or
• SMS messaging
(fall-back option, if available)
… will depend on whether there are any
issues in obtaining a suitable signal from
the cellular network (e.g., adverse weather), or if the external battery (if supplied) has
become exhausted.
Refer to the IDT guide for guidance.

One panel has settings for determining how

the logger will gain access to a cellular
network (e.g., selection of a suitable
operator and access permissions).
Refer to the IDT guide for guidance.

17
There are 2 panels that determine
the primary method the logger uses to send
data when it calls into the server. They
include a setting for the call-in time and
also which days of the week to call in.
Any unsent data will be sent at next call-in
time.
Refer to the IDT guide for guidance.

The controls for the hydrophone sensor, leak determination program cycle, and other
relevant data items are found in the “Logging Parameters” panel.

Leak determination using the hydrophone

normally is set to occur once per day.
This is shown here by the log interval of
“24 hours” being selected.

The “Leak Noise Read time” field controls

the time (24-hour clock) when the leak
determination program is run with the
Hydrophone.

It is usual to set this to a time when the water network has minimal noise, such as when
it is in minimal use (usually in the early hours of the morning).

Note: The entire system should have timings set to work in a co-ordinated manner.
Leak determination by the PermaNet+ should occur close to the optimum (quiet)
evaluation time. Sufficient time should however be allowed for any confirmation
checks by the unit but must occur before data is sent into the server.
The server, in turn, should have received data from the PermaNet+ unit prior to
the typical start of the working day so that a recent evaluation of the state of the
PermaNet+ fleet is available for users early in the day.

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One section of the Logging Parameters
panel is a “Leak Threshold” selection.

This determines which threshold is being

used as the judgement of a leak / no-leak
condition during leak determination.
(i.e., it is a sensitivity control).

The “send leak sound recording when leak

first detected” control will
(when set) cause the PermaNet+ unit to
make a short recording of the pipe noise if
it judges that a new leak is present.

The recording lasts typically for 10 seconds.

The recording is stored in the logger and

will be uploaded to the server at next logger
call-in. A user can then listen to the noise
(played back from the server) to form an
opinion as to whether it sounds like a leak.

The IDT-PC program stores the new settings in the PC memory.

To save then into the PermaNet+ unit, click on the ”Setup Device”
button in IDT.
(This is located towards the bottom of the Setup tab).

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4.2 ADDITIONAL DATA FROM A 1-TIME PROGRAM - AQUALOGS

The “enable aqualogs” control will

(when set) cause the PermaNet+ unit to
produce Aqualog data.

Aqualog production is a temporary addition

to the logger’s regular task of leak
determination.

Enabling Aqualogs causes IDT to show another panel for the Aqualog settings

An Aqualog produces data for a histogram

of the noise levels that appear on the water
network. More precisely, it can produce
several sets of data for histograms,
collected at different times.

The start time is selected using the “logging

time” control; enter a date and time to
commence.

The “Duration of each sample” sets the

length of the Aqualog data collection cycle.
The “Time between samples” is the pause time before beginning the next Aqualog data
collection cycle (if any are still pending for the current day).
The “Samples per day” sets the number of times the Aqualog data collection cycle
should be run during each day.
The “Take Readings For” control sets the number of days the daily cycle should be
repeated.

When the Aqualog panel settings are complete, click the “Send Aqualog Settings” button.
This will upload the temporary additional logging task to the unit. The Aqualog data will
be uploaded to the server and can be viewed once the data has been produced and
stored.

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4.3 ADDITIONAL DATA FROM A 1-TIME PROGRAM – SOUND RECORDINGS

The “enable sound recordings” control will

(when set) cause the PermaNet+ unit to
produce additional sound recordings.

The production of these sound recordings

is a temporary addition to the logger’s
regular task of leak determination.

The recordings will be made independent

of any leak judgement (i.e., whether a
potential leak is detected or not).

Enabling Sound Recording causes IDT to show another panel for setting the temporary
program cycle for obtaining the additional Sound recordings.

This must be completed in a similar manner to those available for Aqualogs.

When the Aqualog panel settings are complete, click the “Send Sound Recording
Settings” button.
This will upload the temporary additional logging task to the unit. The Sound recordings
will be uploaded to the server and can be played back from the server once they have
been produced and stored.

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5 INSTALLATION

5.1 INSTALL LOGGER

Diagrams of typical installations of
PermaNet+ with Hydrophone are shown
(opposite and below).

The PermaNet+ unit must be mounted

in a suitable location where the
Hydrophone attached can reach its
intended installation point.
Position the equipment and antenna
away from sources of electrical
interference such and motors or pumps.
Ensure the antenna can be mounted in a
suitable location where the radio signal
will be of sufficient strength to call into
the cellular network.
Cables should be positioned so as to not
cause any hazards. Do not allow any
equipment to rest on cables or
connectors as crush damage can result.
The logger should be installed in the
orientation shown for optimum battery
performance.

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5.2 CONNECTION OF HYDROPHONE TO A FITTING
Remove any caps from the fitting you will be attaching the Hydrophone to and gently
flush out any dirt and debris. Then close the fitting again and inspect for cleanliness
whilst following any applicable water hygiene guidelines.

Silicon grease

If using the London Round Thread adaptor,

first lightly coat the internal rubber seal with
silicone grease.

Apply a light coat of silicone grease to lubricate

the adaptor and hydrophone sensor screw
threads.

Silicon grease

Note: DO NOT seal the threads between the Hydrophone sensor and the
London round thread adaptor (or meter box) with PTFE tape or any other
sealing material, as this could irreversibly lock the threads together.

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Fit the London round thread adaptor to the
Hydrophone sensor taking care not to damage
or cross the threads. (see )

Tighten the adaptor until the castellations fitted to the

top of the adaptor are secured by the quick release
interlocking mechanism fitted to the Hydrophone
sensor. (see )

The Hydrophone may then be fitted to the

Hydrant and tightened using a ‘Tommy bar’
Valve key, or ½” square drive tool.

Note: Overtightening, or continual use

without lubricant will damage the
sealing washer.

Note: If fitting the Hydrophone to a Fire Hydrant or boundary box that requires a
different adaptor to be fitted, use the relevant adaptor for the fitting and follow
the same process.

Unscrew the waterproof connector cover and

connect the Hydrophone to Digital interface
box lead to the hydrophone. Ensure the
connection clicks home so that it is water-tight.

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Note: Should the hydrant location be flooded,
ensure that the lead is connected prior
to immersion .
The sensor connector is only water
proof after connection.

Open Hydrant valve fully to allow water into

the hydrophone. A fully open hydrant valve
will give the best noise transmission to the
Hydrophone.

Remove trapped air by opening the bleed

valve and closing it once a steady stream of
water indicates the air is completely expelled.

Ensure the Hydrophone does not leak from the main thread and tighten as necessary.
Ensure that the Hydrant gland is not leaking. If the hydrant frost plug is ‘blown’ ensure it
is re-inserted in order to eliminate another possible leak noise.

Connect the Hydrophone to the

logger using the Hydrophone
amplifier cable.

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5.3 ACTIVATE LOGGER AND CONFIRM SETTINGS
Ensure the logger has been activated (see section 2.13).

Connect to the logger using IDT and ensure the logger is in the “recording” mode; this is
its regular operating mode. (See section 3.2).

Confirm the logger settings. Ensure the call-in destination is correct and that suitable
call-in times have been set. Ensure the leak determination time is set to an expected
quiet period on the water network.

5.4 INSTALLING THE ANTENNA AND TESTING CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS

Only use HWM-provided antenna for use with your logger, to ensure the radio interface
meets approvals requirements (safety, etc).

The PermaNet+ unit has a metal “FME” style connector for connection of an
antenna.
FME
An antenna with the appropriate connector should be selected and attached, tightening
finger-tight only. Always comply with any installation restrictions as per warnings in the
documentation supplied. If possible, avoid locations where the antenna could be
adversely affected (e.g., by an occasional flood condition).
• No sharp bends should exist in the cable routing of the antenna.
• Never bend the radiating element of the antenna.
• Where an antenna is held in place by magnets, ensure the weight of any cables
does not excessively load the magnet so as to detach it from the installed
location.
• Do not allow any equipment to rest on the antenna connector as crush damage
to the connector or antenna cable can result.

IDT should be used to check that the logger can connect to the cellular network and that
the antenna is suitable for use and in the optimal position.
• Choose a suitable antenna for the installation (see section 6) and decide on its
initial position.
• Determine the network technology being used and the appropriate signal quality
limits that should be used (refer to the IDT user-guide).
• Perform Network Signal tests to confirm the logger connects to the mobile
network and find the best location of the antenna.
• Perform test calls to confirm the logger can communicate with the DataGate
server via the internet and (if required) SMS.
Note: Follow the steps and guidance in section 6.
Details of use of IDT for making these tests are within in the IDT PC user-guide.

Trouble-shoot a test-call failure if required, using the advice in the IDT app user-guide.
Further information is given in the HWM Antenna Installation Guide (MAN-072-0001),
and on the webpage https://www.hwmglobal.com/antennas-support/

26
6 ANTENNA OPTIONS AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES

6.1 ANTENNA OPTIONS

This section describes a variety of the antenna alternatives that can be supplied for use
with the PermaNet+ logger. Only use HWM-provided antenna for the logger, to ensure
the radio interface meets approvals requirements (i.e., safety).

6.1.1 Monopole
For most installations a monopole antenna will give acceptable performance.
Installation Considerations
• The antenna has a magnetic base to be used for mounting.
• For optimum performance the antenna requires a “ground
plane” (metal surface). Consider installing a metal bracket
made of a ferrous material to attach the magnetic base of the
antenna, if space allows.
• Install the antenna close to the surface in large underground
chambers.
• Ensure that the lid will not interfere with the antenna or cables
when being opened/closed.
• This antenna is vertically polarised, it should always be
installed in the vertical orientation.
• Never bend the radiating element of the antenna.
• The antenna can also be attached to an installation bracket
mounted to an existing marker post.

Illustration of installed logger

and a monopole antenna:

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6.1.2 T-Bar
This antenna should be mounted at the top of the chamber. (Two examples are shown).

T-Bar Installation Considerations

• Mount the antenna at the top of the chamber, but
spaced away from any metal lid.
• A bracket with magnetic mount is available to attach
the antenna to a metal lid and also provide a gap;
secure the antenna to the bracket using a tie-wrap.
• Avoid attaching the T-Bar directly to a metallic surface
as this can adversely affect signal strength and
performance, however it may be better than
underground.
• Certain chamber lids can be replaced with a plastic
version to which the T-Bar antenna can be mounted.
• Keep the antenna cable as short as possible, but
allowing for installation and removal of the lid without
damage or injury.

Illustration of installed logger and a T-bar antenna:

(2 alternatives shown: metal lid and a plastic replacement lid):

28
6.1.3 Button
The button antenna is designed for mounting into chamber lids.

Button Antenna Installation Considerations

• The chamber lid is required to be

drilled out to accommodate the body
of the antenna.
• The top surface of the antenna needs to be a minimum of 0.5mm below the
surface of the lid to prevent damage.
• Drill through the lid to make a path for the cable and connector to pass
through.
• Drill partially into the lid using a wider drill to make a suitable countersink or
recess that the body of the antenna can fit into. Check before drilling the
recess that the size shown in the diagram still applies (the antenna supplied
may be of a different size).
• Fasten the antenna using the nut supplied. A washer may be required.

Washer Resin Epoxy 0.5mm thickness (min)

and Nut Antenna

• Once fitted, cover the top of the antenna with a resin epoxy such as “Marine
Goop”. Ensure all surfaces are clean and dry before applying the adhesive.
Follow the adhesive manufacturer’s instructions.
• Ensure the antenna cable does not become damaged (e.g. by the lid) during
installation and use.

29
Installation pictures:

Drill hole in lid to provide a recess for the

antenna body.

Thread antenna cable through hole,

washer and nut.
Secure antenna to the lid using the
washer and nut.

Apply a resin epoxy such as

Marine “Goop”, covering the
antenna to protect it.

Illustration of a completed button antenna / lid

(connected to an installed logger):

30
6.1.4 Cone Antenna
This antenna should be mounted at the top of the chamber.

Cone Antenna Installation Considerations

• Mount the antenna at the top of the
chamber, but spaced away from any
metal lid.
• A magnetic mounting hook is available to
provide a gap. The antenna must be
attached to the hook and suspended as
shown.
• Keep the antenna cable as short as
possible, but allowing for installation and
removal of the lid without damage or
injury.

Illustration of installed logger and cone

antenna:

31
6.1.5 Magnetic Dipole Antenna
This antenna is similar to the T-bar.
The magnetic mounting of this antenna makes it ideal for attaching to
metal structures inside larger chambers.

Magnetic Dipole Antenna Installation Considerations

• Antenna can be attached to the side wall of a chamber or to the

underside side of the chamber lid.
• Best installation is usually with the antenna vertically polarised.

6.2 INSTALLATION GUIDELINES

Every site installation is unique with various types of connections, positioning or
environmental conditions possible, the following recommendations will assist in a
reliable installation.
• Keep the equipment neatly arranged in chambers so that cables are not crushed.
• The logger and antenna are held in place by magnets. Ensure the weight of any
cables does not excessively load any magnet so as to detach it from the installed
location.
• Do not allow any equipment to rest on the antenna connector as crush damage
to the connector or antenna cable can result.
• Position loggers away from sources of electrical interference such and motors or
pumps.
• Carefully locate the logger onto the pipe (or tap) to avoid shock damage to the
sensor. Always grasp the main body of the logger when placing or retrieving it
from the pipe fitting. Do not pull the logger by any cable as this can cause
damage.
• Always ensure that the contact point is free from dirt, so that the magnet makes
a good contact.
• Maximum operating temperature of the Logger should be below 60°C, therefore
if fitting to a hot water pipe, ensure a suitable insulation is used.
• Use the IDT program to check for the best location of the antenna before
finalising its position. Refer to section Error! Reference source not found. for
details of how to do this.

32
 6.3 INSTALLATION PROCESS DECISION TREE
Identify Chamber type

Small Cabinet/ Side/Hydrant Large Chamber /

Chamber Chamber Building

Choose the appropriate antenna and position it within the chamber.

Button: T-bar or Cone: Monopole on bracket:

Fix to chamber lid and Fix to topside of chamber Try a monopole antenna attached
ensure adequately lid using optional bracket / vertically to a bracket – do not fit
protected from damage. hook. adjust the position this if the chamber is likely to
of the antenna until flood regularly. Try T-Bar or Cone
optimum strength is as per Side/Hydrant chamber.
achieved.

Perform a “Signal Test“ (CSQ level) with chamber lid/door closed; Adjust antenna if needed.

Signal 8-14 Signal <8

This is a marginal signal, but can This is a poor signal and there will be
usually provide a reasonable service. regular call failures.
Signal > 14 There will be some calls missed as 1) Try alternate antennas / positions
weather patterns change. as per “Signal 8-14”.
This is a sufficient signal
1) Try an alternate logger (or one with 2) Try to locate an I-Bar externally
strength for good
a SIM card using another network). (above ground) where considered
communications.
2) Try an alternate antenna location. safe to do so.
3) Try an alternate antenna. 3) Recommend site for above ground
Use the best antenna / location antenna installation or button.
combination. Take supporting photographs.

Complete Call Test with lid closed to confirm correct communication.

Ensure antenna terminal is tightened and wrapped in self amalgamating tape to seal.

33
Troubleshooting a Call Test failure

There are a number of reasons why a Call test may fail.

The following points should be checked before calling HWM support for assistance: -

Possible Problem Solution

Network Busy due to excessive Retry the test after a few minutes.
traffic. Commonly occurs around
schools and at peak travel times.
Network signal not available at Relocate the logger to an area that
your location. Not all Cell masts has a data service or change to a
carry data traffic different network provider.
Network signal not strong enough. Relocate the antenna if possible or try
You need a CSQ (reported by the alternative antenna configurations.
Call test) of at least 8 for reliable
communications.
APN settings incorrect. Check with your network operator
that you have the correct settings for
your SIM.

If you continue to experience problems with communication, you may need to check
the network coverage in your location.

34
7 VIEWING YOUR DATA
Each logger calls into a server, where its data can be stored. The data is linked to the site
on which the logger is deployed. The server therefore stores the current status (and
historic data) for an entire fleet of loggers, linked to the sites on which they are
deployed.
Site data is best viewed with the viewing tool (usually a website).
An example viewing tool for use with PermaNet+ devices is the HWM PermaNETWeb
website.
PermaNETWeb can display the status of multiple devices (sites) simultaneously, thus
allowing the state of an area of a utility network to be easily visualised.

This can be shown as a

“dashboard” graphical
status (see opposite).

Alternatively, the state of an area of a utility network can be visualised by showing each
site as a coloured dot or icon on a background map (or satellite view) and the current
leak determination status for the site (or the logger call-in status); see below.

Refer to the appropriate manual or training provided for your viewing tool for further
guidance.

35
8 INTERPRETATION OF LEAK DATA

8.1 LEVEL AND SPREAD RESULTS

The raw sound level is measured on a scale between 0dB and 99dB.

The signal Level (in decibels) is the point on the dB scale where there is a clearly
identifiable peak.

The Spread is the width (number of dB values) that can be considered to be included
within the over-all shape of the biggest peak.

Average (mode) level

Number of samples

0dB Sound level (dB) 99dB

Spread

36
 Level = 48 Spread = 06
11111111

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Each test will provide different results depending on the ambient noise conditions at
any given deployment. A leak will be indicated by a consistent noise generated at a
higher intensity than any random background noise, so the best indication of a leak is a
high peak with a very narrow spread, see example on the right below. The noise on the
left is a probably not a leak as it is low intensity and broad spread.

•Consistent noise
•Higher intensity
•“Random” noise •Narrower spread
•Lower intensity
•Wider spread

37
8.2 AQUALOG / HISTOGRAM RESULTS - EXAMPLES
The following section discusses how to read Histograms.

Note: A standard histogram is amongst the data received from the logger once per
day. An ‘Aqualog’ is the same as a ‘Histogram’ but is manually triggered and has
customisable timings.

Examples:

In the below example of a ‘good leak indication,’ measured over 24 days there is an
average Spread of 5dB and Level of 58dB at the peak.
This shows a high repeatability of the leak noise.
Average Level = 58
Average Spread = 5

In the below example of a ‘poor leak indication’ again measured over 24 days, there is
an average Spread of 27dB and Level of 21dB at the peak. This shows a poor
repeatability of the leak noise.
Average Level = 21
Average Spread = 27

38
In the below set of examples the strongest leak indication is No 3 – a narrow spread
(5dB) and a strong level (60dB).

The others do not offer good indications of leaks:

No 1 … Big spread / poorly defined peak,

No 2 … Good spread but poor peak,
No 4 … Big spread / inconsistent peak.

Average Level = 21 Average Level = 24

Spread = 27
Average Spread = 27 Spread = 9
Average Spread = 9

1 2

Average Level = 29
Average Level =60
Spread = 26
Spread = 4= 4
Average Spread Average Spread = 26

3 4

In summary:

The best indication of a leak is with the highest consistent peak (noise) with the
narrowest spread and the highest number of samples in it.

39
See below a typical PermaNet+ Aqualog screen shot showing a good example of a leak.

9 TROUBLESHOOTING

The data from the logger does not appear on the server:

• Check the settings for the SIM card to access the mobile data network.
• Ensure the logger uses the correct data destination URL and port-number for your
server.
• Check call-in times have been set.
• Check antenna is attached and in an OK condition.
Check signal quality and strength parameters are suitable. Re-locate the antenna, if
required, or try an alternative type of antenna.
• Make a Call Test and confirm OK.
• Ensure your server is correctly configured to receive and present the data.

40
10 MAINTENANCE, SERVICE AND REPAIR
Unauthorised servicing will void the warranty and any potential liability for
HWM-Water Ltd.

10.1 REPLACEABLE PARTS

Antenna

• Only use antenna recommended and provided by HWM.

For details of antenna options and part-numbers to order, refer to the following link:
https://www.hwmglobal.com/antennas-support/

Batteries

• Only use batteries and parts recommended and provided by HWM.

• Batteries are only replaceable by a HWM approved service centre or relevantly
trained technician. Contact your HWM representative for more details if required.
A battery swap must be accompanied by a reset of power-use counters for the
logger to perform normally.
• Batteries can be returned to HWM for disposal. To arrange the return, complete the
on-line RMA form: https://www.hwmglobal.com/hwm-rma/
Refer to the Safety Warnings and Approvals Information for guidelines of the
packing requirements.

SIM-card

• SIM-cards are replaceable by a HWM approved service centre or relevantly trained

technician.
• Only use consumable parts recommended and provided by HWM.

10.2 RETURN OF PRODUCT FOR SERVICE OR REPAIR

When returning product for investigation or repair, be sure to follow the instructions of
your distributor to document why the product is being returned and provide contact
details.

If returning to HWM, this can be done by completing the on-line RMA form:
https://www.hwmglobal.com/hwm-rma/

Prior to shipping, put the equipment into Shipping mode (refer to the IDT app user-
guide for instructions). Refer to the Safety Warnings and Approvals Information for
guidelines of the packing requirements.

If soiled, ensure the unit is cleaned with a mild cleaning solution and soft brush,
disinfected, and dried prior to shipment.
Any cleaning must be done outside of an ATEX environment.

41
 HWM-Water Ltd.
Ty Coch House
Llantarnam Park Way
Cwmbran
NP44 3AW
United Kingdom
+44 (0)1633 489479
www.hwmglobal.com

©HWM-Water Limited. This document is the property of HWM-Water Ltd. and must not be copied or
disclosed to a third party without the permission of the company. All images, text and designs are protected
by international and UK copywrite law and remain the property of HWM-Water. It is against the law to copy
or use any of the content from the HWM website or literature without the written consent of HWM-Water.
HWM-Water Ltd reserve the right to vary the specification.
MAN-148-0007-A
42